2022年八年级上册英语单元知识点归纳 .pdf

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1、新目标八年级（上）Units 1 3 【重点短语】1. hardly ever 几乎不，很少2. once/twice/three times a week：每周一次/两次/三次3. junk food 垃圾食品4. on weekends/ weekdays 在周末/工作日5. as for 至于6. try to do sth. 尽力做某事7. look after (well) /take (good) care of （好好）照顾8. kind of = a litte bit 有点儿9. go to the movies/ go to see a film = go to the c

2、inema 去看电影10. the key to the door 门的钥匙11. had better (not) do sth. 最好（不）干某事12. surf the Internet 网上冲浪13. be good/ bad for对有好处/有害14. help sb. (to) do sth.=help sb. with 帮助某人做某事15. keep in good health/ keep healthy保持健康16. at once/ right now/ right away 立刻，马上17. have a sore throat/ toothache 喉咙痛/牙齿痛18.

3、 have a bad cold 重感冒19. have a fever 发烧20. lie down 躺下21. see a dentist 看牙医22. feel well 感觉好23. stressed out 有压力的，紧张的24. a balanced diet 平衡饮食25. stay healthy/ keep healthy 保持健康26. not until 直到才27. get back 回来28. go shopping/ fishing/camping/sightseeing：去购物/钓鱼/野营/观光29. think about 考虑30. decide to do

4、sth. 决定做31. the Great Wall 长城32. have a good time/enjoy oneself/have fun (doing sth.) 玩得开心33. send sth. to sb.=send sb. sth. 送给某人某物34.show sb. sth.=show sth. to sb.把某物给某人 看35. buy sb. sth.=buy sth. for sb.给某人买某物36. plan to do sth.=make a plan to do sth. 计划做某事37. can t wait to do sth. 迫不及待做某事38. need

5、 to do sth. 需要做某事39. ask sb. about sth. 问某人关于某事40. leave for 前往某地【重点词汇辨析】1. how often, how long, how far, how soon 【基本意义 】how often 表示“多久一次”；how long 表示“时间多久或物体多长”； how far 是提问“路程有多远”；how soon表示“多久之后”。【辨析】(1) how often：就做某事的频率提问。如：How often do you watch TV?你多久看一次电视？Three times a week 每周三次(2) how lon

6、g ：表示时间侧重指“一段时间”。针对 how long的回答一般是时间段。如：How long were you away last year? 你去年离开了多长时间？About two weeks. 大约两星期。(3) how far ：是询问距离的。如：How far is it from my house? 距离我家有多远呢？About two kilometers. 大约两公里名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - -

7、 - (4) how soon ：侧重某人干某事能多快时间完成。How soon的回答一般是“in+时间段”。如：How soon will you be ready? 你要多久能准备好？In five days. 五天时间2. hardly与 hard 【基本意义】hardly: adv 几乎没有；几乎不hard: adj : 硬的；困难的，adv：努力地例 1：Is this an easy question? 这是个容易的问题吗？No, its a hard question 不是，是个困难的问题。例 2：How do you feel about the seats in the fa

8、st food restaurant? 你觉得那间快餐馆的座位如何？I think they are hard.我认为座位很硬。例 3：How do you learn English? 你是怎样学英语的呢？I learn it very hard. 我非常努力学。3. at the moment：now 【基本意义】“目前”、“此时此刻”。【常见用法 】常用于一般现在时和现在进行时。如：I think he must be at home at the moment. 我想他此时一定在家。The man is sleeping at the moment. 那个人现在正在睡觉呢。4. kin

9、d of 【基本意义】表示“有点儿”，“有几分”，“相当”。【常见用法】非正式用法，用于修饰副词和形容词。如：Im feeling kind of tired. 我觉得有点累。【思维拓展】常见同义词组：a little, a bit, a little bit. 5. leave for 前往某地如：His brother will leave for Shanghai: tomorrow.明天他哥将到上海去。6. look after 【基本意义】表示“照看”、“照顾”。【常见用法 】后面要接宾语。表示“好好照看”时，要使用 look after well (well 要放在句尾)。如：Ti

10、na looks after her baby brother well when she is at home. 蒂娜在家时很好地照看她的小弟弟。【思维拓展】同义词组：take care of 近义词组：care for 7. had better 【基本意义】表示“最好”【常见用法】用于表示对别人的劝告、建议或表示一种愿望。没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。常缩写成： d better. 其否定形式是 had better +not+ 动词原形。如：Youd better go and see a doctor. 你最好去看医生。Youd better not watch TV every

11、 day. 你最好不要每天都看电视。8. have fun doing sth. 【基本意义】表示“玩得很开心”。【常见用法】通常是表示通过做 (doing)事而得到的乐趣。如：The boys had fun playing in the Water Park. 男孩子们在水上公园玩得开心。【思维拓展】常见同义词组：have a good/ great time; enjoy oneself. 9. need 【基本意义】动词，表示“需要”。【常见用法】作行为动词时后接动词不定式，名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

12、 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 表示“需要做某事”；后接动名词时，含有被动意味；作情态动词时，后接动词原形。如：I think you need to have a rest. 我想你需要休息一下了。Mr Black needn t finish the work today. 布莱克先生不必今天完成这份工作。Her shoes need mending=Her shoes need to be mended. 她的鞋需要补一补。10. 主语及物动词间接宾语 (人)直接宾词(物)。如：send sb. sth. =send

13、 sth. to sb. show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 【考点句型】1. not until 【基本意义】表示“直到才”【常见用法】表示动作的延续，要求主句的谓语动词使用瞬间动词。如：Mike didnt leave until the teacher returned. 迈克一直等到老师回来才离开。【思维拓展】同义词组：notbefore 2. can t wait to do sth. 【基本意义】“迫不及待地要做某事”，相当于be anxious to do sth., be eager

14、to do sth., be dying to do sht. 如：I can t wait to see you.我非常想见你。【思维拓展】 此结构形式上是否定，但表达的意思是肯定的。类似的还有：can t help doing sth. （情不自禁地做某事）如：We couldn t help laughing when we heard the joke. 听了这个笑话我们情不自禁地大笑起来。强化训练I. 单项选择题。1. _will the new school be finished?(09年湛江) In two years. A. How long B. How far C. Ho

15、w often D. How soon 2. It rained heavily this morning, but_of my classmates were late for school(2007年山西) A. none B. all C. neither D. either 3.How is Mike s study? He_ catch up with the top students all by himself, and he _.(2005年吉林) A. can t; needn t help B. must; doesnt need to help C. mustn t; n

16、eedn t to help D. can; doesnt need any help 4. Can I ask you some questions _your vacation plans? Yes, I m just planning_Paris. A. about; come B. for; visiting C. about; to go to D. on; flew to 5. This is_the time to discuss_ problems. A. hardly; such B. not; so C. good; these D. almost; that 6. Did

17、 you have fun_ on your day off? Yes, Vick was very_. He made us caugh a lot(2007 年北京) A. skate; fun B. camping; funny C. to fish; funny D. swam; fun 7. I can t find my mobile phone anywhere. Where is it? Idont know. Maybe you ll have to buy a new_. A. that B. it C. one D. ones 8. Youd better_ silent

18、 about this. A. not keep B. not to keep C. to not keep D. not kept 9. Juliet doesn t like to do the same 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - things_her classmates. She just wants to be different _ them. A. as; as B. from; of C.

19、as; with D. as; from 10. You should keep your clothes_, Tom.(2006年湖北武汉) Abe clean B. to be clean C. clean D. cleaning . 同义句转换，注意每空只填一个单词。1. The girl had to look after her grandmother when her parents were out. The girl had to _ _ _ her parents were out.(2009年湛江) 2. He is as old as she. He has the_ a

20、ge_ she. 3. Li Hong is my good friend. Li Hong is a good friend_ _. 4.To eat a balanced diet is important. It _ _ _eat a balanced diet. 5. Mike is very tired now. Mike is very tired_ _ _ . . 完型填空。请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出一个最佳选项。Fire can help people in many ways. But it can also be very h

21、armful( 有害的). Fire can keep your house 1 , give light and cook food. But fire can burn things 2 . Big fire can burn, trees, houses, animals or people. Nobody knows how people began to use fire. But there are 3 interesting old stories about how a man or woman started a fire. One is 4 a man. The man 5

22、 a very long time ago. He went up the sun and 6 fire down. Today people know how to make a fire with matches( 火柴). Children sometimes 7 to play with them. But matches can be very dangerous. One match can burn a piece of paper, and 8 it could burn a house. A small fire can turn a big fire very quickl

23、y. So you 9 be careful with matches. Be careful with fire, and it will 10 you. But if you aren t careful with fire, it may hurt you. 1. A. warm B. warmer C. cool D. cooler 2. A. also B. too C. either D. neither 3. A. many B. much C. little D. no 4. A. over B. about C. a littlee D. no 5. A. worked B.

24、 studied C. learned D. lived 6. A. bring B. take C. brought D. took 7. A. enjoy B. like C. don t like D. become 8. A. after B. late C. yet D. then 9. A. can B. man C. will D. must 10. A. help B. do C. tell D. hope . 翻译下列句子。1、昨晚他直到 11：00才回来。He until 11:00 last night. 2、我认为早上跑步对我们健康有好处。I think running

25、 in the morning our health. 3、昨天上午汤姆起床时，他迫不及待地打开电视机。Tom TV when he got up yesterday morning. 4、我爸经常给我买英语杂志。My father often. 5、他们考虑去加拿大。They are to Canada. 八年级（上）Units 4 6 【重点短语】1. walk to school 走路上学名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 9 页 - - - - - -

26、 - - - 2. depend on 依靠，根据3. take a bus to school 乘公共汽车上学4. a number of 许多5. the number of 的总数，的总量6. be ill in hospital 生病住院7. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/某事8. the day after tomorrow 后天9. come over to 顺便来访10. next week/ year/ month 下周/ 明年/下月11. another time 另外的时间12. have a piano lesson 上钢琴课13. visit s

27、b. 拜访某人14. study for a test 为考试而学习15. go to the mall 去商业街16. be free/ have time 有空，有时间17. be quiet/ keep quiet 安静，保持安静18. thanks for 因而感谢某人19. the whole day/ all day 整天20. be good at/ do well in 擅长做某事，在某方面做得好21. in some ways 在某些方面22. look the same 看起来一样23. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事24. have good grades

28、 成绩好25. enjoy telling jokes 喜欢开玩笑26. be outing 直爽的27. be good with children 与孩子相处得好28. on one s way to 在某人去某路上29. more than 多于30. as as 和一样31. not as as 和不一样32. places of interests 名胜古迹33. the same as和一样34. be different from 和不同35. make friends 交朋友36. stop talking 停止谈话37. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做

29、38. why not do sth.= why don t you do sth. 为 什么不39. stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事情40. stop doing sth. 停止干某事【重点词汇辨析】1. a number of, the number of 【基本意义】a number of ：表示“一些”The number of ：表示“的数量”【辨析】 (1) a number of意思是“一些，若干”(=some) ，后接可数名词复数或代词，谓语动词用复数形式。a number of词组中还可以加入形容词表示数量、大小等，如：a large/ small numb

30、er of 许多/少数。如：A number of his friends think I should take a holiday. 他们一些朋友认为我应该休假。(2) the number of 意思是“的数字/数目”，介词 of 同其后名词构成介词短语，修饰the number 。当它作主语时，谓语动词用单词。如：The number of students is about twenty. 学生人数大约是 20人。2. depend on 【基本意义】“信赖”、“依靠”。【常见用法】后面必须接宾语；如果不接宾语，则 on要省去。如：All the family depends on

31、his salary. 全家人都依靠他的工资生活。The price of the food doesn t depend on how many people can afford it. 食品的价格不取决于多少人能够买得起它。【思维拓展】常见同义词组：depend upon( 信赖、依靠) 3. another adj ：指三者以上的另一个。如：Have another cup of tea, please. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 9 页 -

32、 - - - - - - - - 请再喝一杯茶。例：I haven t finished my work yet.(2006年陕西) I need _. A. two another hours B. more two hours C. another two hours D. much hour 【答案】C注：another后跟可数名词的单数形式，如：another apple 另一个苹果。【用法拓展】one another= each other 互相，one after another一个又一个。4. worry (1) worry 用作及物动词，意为“使烦恼；使担忧”，其后的宾语通常是

33、表示人的名词或代词。如：The accident worries me. 这起事故令我烦恼。(2) worry 用作不及动词，意为“担心；烦恼”，可单独使用，也可与介词 about连用，意为“为而烦恼”。如：Dont worry about small things. 别为些小事担心。worried 作形容词，意为“担心的，烦恼的”，常与 be ，feel 等系动词连用，还可以构成短语be/ feel worried about, 意为“为担心”。5. add to，把加到上面如：Please add some wood to the fire. 请往火里加点柴。He added some m

34、ilk to the tea. 他往茶里加了一些牛奶。6. be good at ：擅长；在方面做得好如：She is good at English.她英语学得好。I am good at singing：我擅长唱歌。a) at 是介词，故后面可接名词、动名词、代词。b) be better at 为 be good at 的比较级，意为“更擅长”much用在比较级前用以加强语气。【拓展】be poor at ：在某方面笨拙的，差劲的，do well in 擅长；在方面做得好。7. thanks for doing sth.：感谢( 你)做某事即因为某事而感谢。如：Thanks for yo

35、ur help.谢谢你的帮助。Thanks for giving me so much food. 感谢你给了我这么多的食物。8. have a piano lesson ：上钢琴课，have在这里是“上( 课)”的意思。常见的短语：have an English lesson 上英语课；have lessons 上课。如：We have a P E lesson today. 我们今天上了一节体育课。We have no lessons on Saturday and Sunday. 我们星期六和星期天没有课。9. in some ways ：介词短语，既可放在句首，也可放在谓语动词后面，位

36、置比较灵活。(1)可当“在某些方面”讲。如：In some ways, we look different. 从某些方面讲，我们看起来不一样。(2)可当“从某种意义上说”讲。如：The man who has everything is in some ways a poor man. 从某种意义上说，一个拥有一切的人是穷人。10. whole 与 all 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 【辨析】all 与 wh

37、ole 都可表示“全部的，所有的”，但与定冠词、物主代词等连用时，all 常位于这些词的前面，而 whole 通过位于它们的后面。如：His whole family/ All his family caught a cold. 他的全家人都感冒了。例：I read_ the book in a _ night. A. all; all B. whole; whole C. all; whole 【答案】C【考点句型】1.Tara s shorter than Tina. 泰拉比蒂娜矮。这里表示比较级的句型。shorter是形容词 short的比较级，than 是用于二者相比较的典型标志。句式

38、为“A+比较级+than+B ”，表示“A 和 B 相比，A 更”。注意：比较级既可以是形容词的比较级，也可以是副词的比较级。如：My garden is more beautiful than his. 我的花园比他的更漂亮。Tom runs faster than me. 汤姆比我跑得快。2. Liu Ying is not as good at sports as her sister. 刘英并非和她姐姐一样擅长体育运动。这里表示同级比较的句子，as as 意为“和一样”。两个 as之间用形容词或副词的原形，否定形式为not as as 或者not soas 。如：His bike is

39、 as nice as mine. 他的自行车和我的一样漂亮。Tom doesn t run as fast as Mike. 汤姆不如迈克跑得快。3. Please keep quiet! 请保持安静! 这是个祈使句，表示命令、要求某人做某事，相当于做主语的第二人称 省略。keep用做动词 ，意为“保持”。【拓展】keep+sb./ sth.+ 形容词，意为“使某人 /某物处于状态”。如：We must keep our classroom clean every day. 我们必须每天都保持教室干净。其后可以跟动词的现在分词形式构成 keep sb. doing sth. 意为“让某人一直

40、做某事”。如：Dont keep talking ：不要说个没完。Why do you keep him crying so long time. 你为什么让他哭这么长时间？【常见搭配】keep on doing sth. 继续做某事；keep up with 追上，赶上。强化训练. 单项选择题。1. Enshi is becoming a tourist city. _ people come here during the holidays every year.(2009 恩施州中考) A. Thousand of B. Thousands of C. Five thousands D.

41、 Five thousands 2. We don t have enough nurses to look after the patients. At least_ are needed.(2009年重庆) A. ten another nurses B. more ten nurses C. other ten nurses D. another ten nurses 3. I hear _ your grandpa_ your 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第

42、7 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - grandma like watching Min Opera. Right, just as many old people do in Fuzhou.(2009 年福州市中考)。A. both; and B. either; or C. neither; nor D. not only; but also 4.Can you help me with my physics lesson this afternoon? Im sorry,_ I ve something important to do. A. yet B. but C.

43、 however D. for 5. In the 49th world Table Tennis Championship(锦标赛), Wang Liqin _ Ma Lin and _ the champion( 冠军) of the Men s Singles. A. beat; beat B. won; won C. beat; won D. won; beat 6. As we know, some people are good at _ but bad at giving back.(2009年广州市中考) A. lending B. keeping C. borrowing D

44、. using 7. What_ the number of the students in your school? About two thousand. A number of t hem_from English.(2009年宿迁市中考) A. is; are B. is; is C. are; is D. are; are 8. I think English is _math. Yes, I think so.(2009 年恩施州中考) A. much important than B. so important as C. as important as D. as more i

45、mportant as 9. The cake looks_. Yes, and it tastes even_.(2009年深圳市) A. well; good B. nice; better C. good; worse D. better; best 10. I usually go to school_ bike, but sometimes I go to school_ foot. A. with; on B. on; by C. on; with D. by; on . 根据句意，用所给单词的正确形式填空。1. Her sister (not watch) TV in the e

46、vening. 2. Are you good at (play) soccer? 3. This problem is (serious) than that one. 4. The old man always (worry) about his son. 5. Hes very funny. He often makes us laugh (laugh). . 翻译1. 夏天到了，天气正变得越来越热。（09 湛江中考）It is getting when summer comes. 2. 很抱歉今天不能陪你去购物，明天怎么样？(2009年北京市中考) Im sorry I can t g

47、o shopping with you today. tomorrow? 3. 尽管我学习不好，但我从未放弃过。（2009年兰州市中考）I didnt do well in my lessons, I never gave up. 4. 多吃水果和蔬菜对身体有好处。our health to eat more fruit and vegetables. 5. 这对双胞胎看起来一样。The twins .名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 9 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - -