介词的用法ppt课件.ppt

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1、介词的用法 介词(preposition)：也叫前置词。在英语里，它的搭配能力最强。但不能单独做句子成分,需和名词或代词（或相当于名词的其他词类、短语及从句）构成介词短语，才能在句中充当成分。一、介词的种类一、介词的种类（1）简单介词：about, across, after, against, among, around, at, before, behind, below, beside, but, by, down, during, for, from, in, of, on, over, near, round, since, to, under, up, with等等。（2）合成介词

2、：inside, into, outside, throughout, upon, without, within（3）介词短语：according to, along with, apart from, because of, in front of, in spite of, instead of, owing to, up to, with regard to等等。二、介词短语的作用二、介词短语的作用 介词不单独作句子成分，其后跟名词、代词、数词、副词、短语、从句等作它的宾语，构成介词短语。1、作状语 通常位于句首或句尾，表时间、地点、原因、结果、方式、比较等。eg: Everybody

3、 understood except me. 除我之外，大家都理解了。 I came here for my briefcase. 我来这里拿公文包。 2、作定语 跟在所修饰的名词后面，作后置定语。eg: They have rented a flat of three rooms. 他们租了一套三居室的公寓。 The lady in red is my sister-in-law. 穿红衣服的那位女士是我嫂子。3、作表语eg: Sally is in the language lab with Tom 莎莉和汤姆在语音室。 What he said is of great help to l

4、earners of English. 他刚才的话对英语学习者很有帮助。4、作宾语补足语eg: What makes you in such a hurry? 什么事使你这样匆匆忙忙？ The duty of the police is to keep the country in order. 警察的职责是维持国家秩序。三、部分介词用法辩异1、地点介词 1）at, in, by at 表示把地方、地点、位置当作一个“点”, in 则把地方、地点、位置当作一个范围或一个封闭的空间。此外，at用于表示在某一单位、机关，较抽象；in 则较具体。by 用在表示位置(有在旁、贴近、靠近之意) 。如：H

5、e works at the post office. 她在邮局上班。 In the rain we were sheltering in the post office. 我们在邮局里面避雨。 I live in England, at London. 我住在英国伦敦。(England大过London) by the fire在炉边 by the seaside在海边 a path by the river沿河道路 by the nearest road 走近路 1.There is a bookstore _ the other side of the street.A. in B. on

6、 C. for D. at 2. Mrs Green has lived _ London _ ten years. A. at, forB. in, sinceC. in, forD. on, by3. The little girl saw a beautiful bird _ the tree.A. onB. inC. intoD. at4. He arrived _ Shanghai _ January 5 _ 10:00.A. in, on, inB. at, on, onC.in, on, atD. in, on, by2）on, over, above on表示一物放在另一物上面

7、，两者紧贴在一起；over表示一种越过，即“在上方”；above 表示一般的“高于”，“在之上”，一种垂直关系如：The book is on the table. 书在桌子上。 Is there any bridge over the river? 河上有桥吗？ There was an electric clock above his bed. 他床头上有只电子钟。 1.There is a bridge _ the river. A. on B. at C. below D. over2. The light was hanging_ his head.A. above B. on C.

8、 over D. across3. After supper Father always sits _ a chair, reading newspapers.A. above B. on C. over D. across4. The plane has just flown _ my head.A. on B. over C. aboveD. at3）under, below under与below分别是over与above的反义词，即“在下方”；below 表示一般的“低于”，“在之下”。如：They were seen under the tree. 有人看到他们在树下。 Shall

9、I write my name on, above or below the line? 我该把名字写在线上、还是线的上方或下方？ 1.We lay down _ a tree to rest. A. underB. over C. above D. below2.There is a book_ the chair. A. underB. over C. above D. below3. This place is _ sea level.A. underB. over C. above D. below4. The boat is passing_ bridge.A. underB. ov

10、er C. above D. below4）after, behind after多用于表时间先后，而behind多半表位置或方向的前后。如：She stood behind a tree. 她站在一棵树后。 We shall leave after breakfast. 我们早饭后动身。 1.There are some flowers _ the house A. behind B. after C. below D. above2. The school is _ the post office.A. behind B. after C. below D. above3.We came

11、to Bei Jing _ 6:00 in the morning.A. behind B. after C. below D. above4._having the bath, we watched TV. A. behind B. after C. below D. above5）across, through, over, past across着重于“从一头或一边到另一头或另一边”；through强调“穿越”；over多表示从“上方越过”；past表示从“面前经过”。如：She went across the street to make some purchases. 她穿过街道去买

12、东西。 The sunlight was coming in through the window. 阳光透过窗户进来了。 He failed to go over the mountain; he had to go round it. 他没能越过那座山，只有绕过去Someone has just gone past the window. 有人从窗前走过 1.She swam _the river.A. through B. across C. on D. above2. Yesterday I went_the forest. A. through B. across C. on D.

13、above3.-Who was going_me just now? -Jim A. through B. across C. past D. above4. The bird flew _ the buildingA. through B. across C. on D. over、时间介词、时间介词）for, since, during for指“时间段”，since指“时间点”，during强调时间过程。during与for的区别：during所指的时间起止分明；如果一段时间不明确，就用for.如：I havent seen her for years. 我很多年没见过她了。He swi

14、ms every day during the summer. 整个夏天他每天游泳。They have been in Hawaii since the war. 战后他们一直住在夏威夷。 1.I have lived here _ about 1 year.A. for B. since C. during D. at2. _ last term, I was learning English in Highbird all the time.A. for B. since C. during D. at3. I had lived in London _ last year.A. for

15、B. since C. during D. at4. She stood here _ several hours.A. for B. since C. during D. at）“在.之后” in, afterin + 一段时间（用于一般将来时） after + 一段时间（用于一般过去时） after + 一点时间（常用于一般将来时）如：The baby stopped crying after half an hour.那个婴儿半小时后停止了哭泣。 The baby will stop crying in half an hour. 那个婴儿将在半小时后停止哭泣。They will vis

16、it their teacher after Friday. 周五以后他们将去拜访他们的老师。）at, in, on, by表示时间的区别 at表示特定的时间、节日、年龄:如：at dawn/ at night/at noon/at midnight/ at forty /at Christmas in表示一天中某段时间，指年、月、季节、周次：如：in the morning/in 2002/in May/in the second week of July / in winter on表示某一天或星期几，指明具体的时间：如：on Sundays/on her birthday/on Frid

17、ay evening /on the first by(的时候、到、等到已经) 用在天、时间： 如： by day 白天(的时候)/by 2 oclock到两点钟/by this time 等到现在(已经) 1. I was born _ Oct. 11th,2000.A. on B. in C. at D. by2. New Year is _ January.A. on B. in C. at D. by3. I go to school _ 8:00 a.m. every morning A. on B. in C. at D. by4. I have learnt 2000 Engli

18、sh words _ the end of this year.A. on B. in C. at D. by4)表示动作的介词表示动作的介词to, toward to 表示向某处移动： 如： They were driving to work together.他们一同开车去工作。Shes going to the dentists office this morning. 今早她去看牙医。toward 表示移向某处：如： Were moving toward the light.我们向灯光处移动。This is a big step towards the projects complet

19、ion.这是对于工程的完成前进了一大步。5） 表示“用”的介词用交通工具 by plane 用语言 in English 通过媒介 on /over the telephone, on /over the radio, on TV 用工具手段 with a pen, with ones hands 1. I go to school _bike every day.A. by B. in C. on D. with2. I like singing a song _ Russia.A. by B. in C. on D. with3. I watch World Cup _ TV.A. by

20、B. in C. on D. with4. I write _ a penA. by B. in C. on D. with四、常见的介词搭配、名词+介词： 1.approval of 批准2.awareness of 意识到3.grasp of把握住4.hatred of 憎恶5.desire for 要求、愿望6.fondness for 爱好 (Ive a fondness for collecting stamps.)7.hope for 希望、期待 (hope for the best 乐观)8.need for 必要 (There is no need for hurrying.)

21、9.reason for 有必须的理由 (have reason for.)10. respect for 尊敬 (have respect for.)11. belief in信任于12. interest in 对有兴趣13. success in 成功、成就、形容词+介词：1.afraid of (He is not afraid of anything.)2.aware of觉得3.capable of 能 (The tank is capable of holding 8 kg. of water.)4.fond of喜爱 (Hes fond of fishing.)5.jealou

22、s of嫉妒于6.made of 用制成的7.proud of 对感觉光荣 (Im proud of his acquaintance. 认识他是我的光荣。)8.sure of 确信 (You may be sure of his honesty.)9.tired of厌倦的10. careless about 不关心、不重视11. worried about 自找烦恼12. familiar with熟悉于、精通于13. interested in 兴趣于14. sorry for懊悔、觉得过意不去 (You will be sorry for this some day.) 3、动词+介词

23、：. care about 关心 (He doesnt care about other people. 他不关心别人。)2.care for 喜欢 (Would you care for a cup of coffee? 你喜欢来杯咖啡吗？)3. take care of照顾 (Take care of youseft. 照顾自己喔。)4. dream about 梦到 (I dreamt about you last night. 昨晚我梦到你。)5. dream of 梦想 (I often dream of being rich. 我时常梦想发达了。)6. hear about 听到关

24、于的详情 (Have you hear about Jane? )7. hear of听到的事/话 (Have you heard of a place called Mulu?)8. hear from 得到的消息 (Have you heard from Ann recently?)9. look at 注视、考察(Why you look at me like that?)10. look for 找、指望 (Can you help me look for my keys?)11. look after照应、看守 (She is ill, she needs someone to lo

25、ok after her.)12. think about思索、考虑 (What are you thinking about?)13. think of 想起、企图 (He told me his name but I cant think of it now.) 1. 星期二上午老师生他的气了星期二上午老师生他的气了._ Tuesday morning the teacher was angry _ him.2. 瞧瞧! 我的书和你的书不同我的书和你的书不同.Look! My book is different _ yours.3. 去年秋天张小姐和一个有钱人结了婚去年秋天张小姐和一个有钱

26、人结了婚.Miss Zhang was married _ a rich man last autumn.4. 晚饭后父亲总是坐在椅子上读报晚饭后父亲总是坐在椅子上读报.After supper Father always sits _ a chair, reading newspapers.5. 我是用墨水写的信我是用墨水写的信.I have written the letter _ ink.6. 工作时不要讲话工作时不要讲话.Do your work _ speaking.7. 父亲要我用自己的话把故事重讲一遍父亲要我用自己的话把故事重讲一遍.Father wanted me to ret

27、ell the story _ my own words.8. 在老师的帮助下在老师的帮助下, 他发现了自己的错误他发现了自己的错误._ the help of the teachers, he found out his mistakes.9. 我们都穿着蓝色的衣服我们都穿着蓝色的衣服, 而他们都穿着黑色的衣服而他们都穿着黑色的衣服We are all _ white, while (而而) they are all _ black.10. 前天我爷爷花了很多钱买书前天我爷爷花了很多钱买书.My grandfather spent a lot of money _ books the day

28、 before yesterday.11. 她握着我的手说她握着我的手说: 你是个好孩子你是个好孩子.She held me _ the hand and said, You are a good boy.12. 你买那本英汉词典花了多少钱你买那本英汉词典花了多少钱?How much did you pay _ the English-Chinese dictionary?13. 除最后一个问题外除最后一个问题外, 凯特回答了所有的问题凯特回答了所有的问题.Kate answered all the questions _ the last one.14. (从从)上海到昆明的火车要穿过多少隧

29、道上海到昆明的火车要穿过多少隧道?How many tunnels (隧道隧道) does the train from Shanghai to Kunming go _?15. 雷锋总是先想到别人雷锋总是先想到别人.Lei Feng always thought_other people first. What Is a Library?A library is a collection (收集) books. If you have fifty or sixty books home, this is your library.A library is also a building a

30、large collection books it. There are libraries grown-ups (成年人) and libraries children. People can get books to read there. We must, of course, take them back the library when we want to read them home.We may borrow three books a time and keep them two weeks. If we have not finished reading a book th

31、e end two weeks, we may go the library and say that we want to renew it a longer time.Most libraries have reading rooms. the reading rooms there are tables. You can sit a table and read a newspaper, a magazine or a book. the library there are books poems (诗), travels (游记), history, geography and sci

32、ence. There are also novels (小说), books short stories, newspapers and magazines there. in the morning /afternoon /evening in the day at dawn, at daybreak at noon at night at midnight阳光、灯、影、衣、冒阳光、灯、影、衣、冒 in， Dont read in dim light. Dont read in dim light. They are reviewing their lessons in the brigh

33、t light. They are reviewing their lessons in the bright light. They are sitting in the shade of a tree. They are sitting in the shade of a tree. a prisoner in irons a prisoner in irons He went in the rain to meet me at the station. He went in the rain to meet me at the station. The poor dressed (clo

34、thed) in rags in old society. The poor dressed (clothed) in rags in old society. in the bright sunlight in the bright sunlight a merchant in disguise a merchant in disguise the woman in white (black, red, yellow) the woman in white (black, red, yellow) in mourningin mourning in brown shoes?in brown

35、shoes?in his shirt sleeves in his shirt sleeves 将来时态将来时态in.以后以后 小处小处at大处大处in Li and I arrived at Heishan county safe and sound, all is well. Dont worry. I live in a great city (big city), my sister lives at a small town while The teacher is correcting the paper with a new pen. The teacher is correct

36、ing the paper with a new pen. Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy is a good Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy is a good opera. opera. I really cant express my idea in English freely in-I really cant express my idea in English freely in-deeddeed I wrote a novel in Russian. I wrote a novel in Russian. T

37、his board was cast in bronze not in gold. This board was cast in bronze not in gold. 特征或状态：特征或状态： The Democratic Party was then in power. The Democratic Party was then in power. They found the patient in a coma. They found the patient in a coma. He has not been in good health for some years. He has

38、not been in good health for some years. Many who came in despair went away in hope. Many who came in despair went away in hope. The house was in ruins. The poor girl was in tears. Her clothes were in rags. His shoes were in holes. She spoke in grief rather than in anger. 1. AShe came at me. BShe cam

39、e to me. 2AJake ran at John. BJake ran to John. 3A. He rushed at the woman with a sword. B. He rushed to the woman with a sword. 4AHe shouted at the old man. B. He shouted to the old man. 5AI heard her muttering at Xiao Li. BI heard her muttering to Xiao Li. 6A. She talked at you just now. BShe talk

40、ed to you just now. 7AShe threw a bone at the dog. BShe threw a bone to the dog. 8AHe presented a pistol at me. BHe presented a pistol to me. on the second of January on the second of January 或或 on January the on January the second second on a summer evening on a summer evening on Boxing Day on Boxi

41、ng Day on New Years Day on New Years Day on my birthday on my birthday 收音、农场，值日收音、农场，值日on, 关于、基础、靠、关于、基础、靠、著论著论, 着、罢、出售、偷、公、假，故着、罢、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付，相反、准意、支付，相反、准, 上演上演 ,特定时间和特定时间和“一一就就”，左右左右on后动名词后动名词 At the foot of the mountain, there are thirty of our comrades. The train runs at fifty kilometres an

42、hour. at a good price at a low cost at a great cost at that time The atom has a nucleus at its core. 在原子的中心有一个原于核在原子的中心有一个原于核 工具、和、同随工具、和、同随with，具有、独立、就、原因。，具有、独立、就、原因。 就就来说宾译主，对、有、方状、表细分。来说宾译主，对、有、方状、表细分。 海、陆、空、车、偶、被海、陆、空、车、偶、被by，单数、人类，单数、人类know to man。 this、that、tomorrow，yesterday，next、last、one。 接

43、年、月、季、星期、周，介词省略已习惯。接年、月、季、星期、周，介词省略已习惯。 over、under正上下，正上下，above、below则不然，则不然， 若与数量词连用，混合使用亦无关若与数量词连用，混合使用亦无关 beyond超出、无、不能，超出、无、不能，against靠着，靠着，对与反。对与反。 besides，except分内外，分内外，among之内之内along沿。沿。 同类比较同类比较except，加，加for异类记心间。异类记心间。 原状原状because of,、 owing to、 due to表语表语形容词形容词 under后接修、建中，后接修、建中，of、from物、

44、化分。物、化分。 before、after表一点表一点, ago、later表一段。表一段。 before能接完成时，能接完成时，ago过去极有限。过去极有限。 since以来以来during间，间，since时态多变换。时态多变换。 与之相比与之相比beside，除了，除了last but one。 复不定复不定for、找、价、原，对、给、段、找、价、原，对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。去、为、作、赞。 快到、对、向快到、对、向towards，工、学、军、城、北、上、南。工、学、军、城、北、上、南。 but for否定用虚拟，复合介词待后言。否定用虚拟，复合介词待后言。 ing型由于鉴，除了除外与包合。型由于鉴，除了除外与包合。 之后、关于、在之后、关于、在.方面，有关介词须记方面，有关介词须记全。全。 in内内to外表位置，山、水、国界外表位置，山、水、国界to在在前。前。