小学英语考点汇总.docx

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1、名词考点1. 专有名词要大写：China(Chinese,复数不变), Germany(German,复数Germans), Japan（Japanese,复数不变）, America（American,复数Americans）, Xian（西安）, Shaanxi（陕西）, New York(纽约), the Great Wall(长城), the Peoples Republic of China(中华人民共和国）2. 可数和不可数可数：pens, books, an umbrella, two birds, many people(许多人)不可数：a cup of water(一杯水),

2、 two glasses of milk(两杯奶); a piece of paper（一张纸）; two bowls of rice注意：液体，粉末类、肉类都是不可数名词：water, juice, milk, flour(面粉)，chicken(鸡肉)，beef（牛肉）,fish（鱼肉），还有一些抽象名词：如money(钱)；还有容易弄错的面包(bread)也是不可数，一条面包是 a loaf of bread特殊的集合名词：people（有复数概念，说一个人时用person），指民族时有单复数之分，如：a people（一个民族）;There are 56 peoples in Chin

3、a.3.名词变复数1.规则见口诀：易错单词有day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys(元音加y结尾的直接加s,辅音加y结尾的才将y变i加es，如city-cities, family-families)2.f或fe结尾单词将f或fe变v加es口诀：妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去砍儿狼(wolf)，吓得小偷(thief)发了慌，急忙躲在架子(shelf)后，半(half)片树叶(leaf)遮目光。3.以O结尾的单词加es的口诀：黑人(negro)英雄(hero)爱吃土豆(potato)和西红柿(tomato)名词变复数口诀：名词单数变复数，直接加s占多数

4、。s,x,ch,sh来结尾，直接加上es。词尾是f或fe，加s之前先变ve。辅音字母加y在词尾，把y变i再加es。词尾若是o,常用三个已足够,要加es请记好：hero，tomato, potato。男人女人a变e，鹅足牙oo变ee。老鼠虱婆也好记，ous变ic。孩子加上ren，鱼鹿绵羊不用变。特殊记：ox-oxena fish-a few fish; a deer-four deer; a sheep-some sheep; a Chinese-two Chinese只有复数的单词：clothes(衣服)；trousers(裤子）；glasses(眼镜) 国人复数：中日人民一致的，英法联军a改

5、e，其他国人加s，重点提防德国人。4.复合名词变数一般只变核心词：如 boy student-boy students含man或woman的复合词，前后两个词都要变复数：woman teacher-women teachers; man doctor-men doctors; women shoes(女鞋)5.名词所有格有生命的一般加s，无生命的一般用“名词+of+名词”形式：the teachers book, a gate of school；a picture of my family; a map of China名词复数以s结尾，所以只需加，如the students classro

6、om两个或两个以上的人共有一件东西，则在最后一个名词后加s，如果不是共有的，则需要在每一个名字后加s：Lisa and Susans teacher; Toms and Peters fathers(特别注意：后面的名词要变复数，做题时可根据后面的名词是否复数来判断前面是否是两个人共有的东西)表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时，s所有格后所修饰的名词常被省略。如：at the Greens(home)(可省略home表示在格林家)，at the doctors（在医院）常见节日：Womens Day; Mothers Day；Fathers Day; Childrens Day; Teache

7、rs Day; National Day(国庆节)；Chirstmas(圣诞节)；Thanksgiving Day（感恩节）; April Fools Day（愚人节）; the Spring Festival(春节)；New Year(新年，元旦); Mid-autumn Festival(中秋节)注意：节日是专有名词，每个单词的首字母要大写；儿童节、妇女节、教师节是所有人的节日，所以用复数，父亲节和母亲节是每个人的父母（唯一）的节日，所以用单数。重要：有Day的节日名词前面要用介词on，如on Chirstmas Day, on New Years Day, on Childrens Da

8、y, 没有Day的节日名词前要用at，如at Christmas, at New Year, at the Spring Festival冠词考点1. 不定冠词a/an用在单数可数名词前，表示“一”的数量,如: a pencil , an orangea/an在单词前的使用区别：要看单词开头的发音是否为元音，注意是发音而不是字母。如：an egg； an honest boy; an hour; an apple; an old man; an engineer; an elephant; an interesting movie; an orange; an onion; an ugly f

9、rog; an umbrella; an island; a European country; a red apple; a university2. 如果是看单个字母前面是用a或an时，记住一个口诀：Mr. Li has one fox. 此句中的任何字母的发音都是元音。（注意是单独的字母发音，不是单词中的字母发音），所以单独出现这些字母时前面用an3. 定冠词the的用法：独 指 方 高 乐 序 惯 家 形独一无二：the sun; the earth; the moon; the world；the Yellow River特指或第二次提到：What do you think of t

10、he teacher?方位：the east; the west; the south; the north; on the left; one the right; at the back of最高级：the best; the biggest; the most beautiful西洋乐器：play the piano; play the guitar; play the violin序数词：the first; the second; the third; the fourth; the best用于姓氏复数前表示全家人：the Whites; the Blacks; the Jones

11、用于形容词前表示一类人(注意不加s)：the poor; the rich; the young; the sick惯用语： in the morning; in the afternoon; in the evening; in the end; by the way; at the moment; go to the cinema; on the left; on the right; in the middle of; in the world; in the sun; on the way to (on the way home) ; the same as4. 零冠词：专有名词（人名

12、、地名、星期、月份、季节、节日等）、三餐、球类、棋类、游戏前不用冠词。如：Canada; China; October; Friday; Childrens Day; at home; at school; go to bed; on foot; all day and all night; face to face; by bus ; have lunch; play chess; on duty; at night; at noon; have a look；in autumn; on Monday; in 2017; in July5. 种类的三种表达：A dog is an hones

13、t animal.(单数名词前加不定冠词)；The dog is an honest animal.(单数名词前加定冠词)；Dogs are an honest animal.(复数名词前加不加冠词)6. 用such, half修饰名词时, a/an放在这些词之后: half an hour(半小时)7. 有the没the意义不同: in hospital(住院), in the hospital(在医院); go to school(去上学), go to the school(到学校去); at table(吃饭), at the table(在桌子旁边)，记住有the表示地点，没the表

14、示功能。8. 用在形容词或副词的比较级前面，表示强调，意为“两者中较的一个”，如：He is the older of the two boys. 9. 两个并列的形容词前者有冠词则表示不同的事物，如果后面一个形容词前没有冠词，则指一个事物。如：He raises a black and a white cat.(他养了一只黑猫和一只白猫。)；He raises a black and white cat.(他养了一只花猫。)代词考点1. 人称代词易错词she的宾格是her, he宾格是him, we的宾格是us, they的宾格是them. 口诀：主格动词前，宾格动介后。例：I(主) lik

15、e(动) him(宾). I care about(介) him(宾)。2. 人称代词排序：单数顺序是二三一，即you-he/she/it-I；复数是一二三，即we-you-they3. 物主代词分两类:形容词性和名词性。易错的物主代词her的名词性物主代词是hers, his的名词性物主代词还是his，its的名词性物主代词是its（注意与its的区别）, their的名词性物主代词是theirs。重点：形物代+名=名物代。例：This book is my book.= This book is mine.(my book=mine)4. 用法重点：形容词物代不能单独使用，只能用来修饰后面

16、的名词。名词性物代要单独使用，后面不跟名词。口诀：有名则形，无名则名。5. 名词性物代常用于构成双重所有格，与of连用：a/an/this/that/some+名词+of+名词性代物：a friend of ours(表示我们的其中一个朋友)。口诀：主名首，动介宾，形物代后名词跟，名物代后自己走。6. 反身代词表示“由自己”、“亲自”、“本人”：by oneself(独自，单独)；for oneself（亲自，为自己）；enjoy oneself（玩得愉快）；help oneself（随便吃）;teach oneself（自学）；say/speak to oneself（自言自语）;make

17、onself at home（请自便）7. 指示代词this/that近指用单词，these/those远指用复数（注意后跟单词用复数）8. 不定代词：1) some可修饰可数和不可数，常用于肯定名。但如果希望对方肯定回答时也可用于疑问句。如Would you like some water? 2) any可修饰可数和不可数，常用于否定和疑问句。3) much（许多，大量）修饰不可数名词 4) many（许多，大量）修饰可数名词 5) a little和little（一点，少量）修饰不可数名词，带a表肯定，不带a表否定 6). a few和few（一点，少量）修饰可数名词，带a表肯定，不带a表

18、否定 7) all（全部都）用于三者以上，both（两者都）用于二者 8) neither（两者都不）表示否定，either(两者之一)，表示肯定，二个中的任何一个。9. somebody, someone, something表示肯定，用于肯定句，anybody, anyone, anything用于疑问和否定句。注意这些词做主语时，宾语动词要用单三：如There is somebody/someone at the door. Is there anyone/anybody here? Everyone has come. Lets begin.10. 疑问代词：问人who(whom);

19、问地点where; 问时间when/what time; 问谁的whose; 问哪个哪些which; 问方式方法程度how; 问什么问物问职业what; 问年龄how old；问多少（可数）how many; 问多少（不可数），多少钱how much; 问频率how often; 问（物理或时间）长度how long; 问距离how far; 问颜色what color; 问班级what class; 问年级what grade；问号码what number; 问星期几what day; 问为什么why11. 对职业提问的两种句型：1) what + do/does + 主语 + do？如Wh

20、at does your father do? 2) what + be动词 + 主语？如Whats your brother?12. 询问具体的时间（几点几分）句型：What time is it?(= Whats the time?)13. 询问星期几的句型：What day is today? 或 What day is it today?14. 询问今天天气情况的句型：Whats the weather like today? 或Hows the weather today？ 回答是Its sunny/fine(晴天)/rainy（雨天）/windy（有风）/cloudy(多云，阴天)

21、/snowy(下雪)15. 形容词修饰不定代词时放在代词后：There is nothing wrong with the machine.16. 注意no, no one, nobody, nothing在句中表示否定意义：I have no watch.形容词考点1. 名词变形容词五个规则 1) 名词+y：rain-rainy; wind-windy; cloud-cloudy; luck-lucky; health-healthy 2) 重读闭音节且词尾只有一个辅音字母，双写词尾字母再加y：sun-sunny; fun-funny 3) 以不发音的e结尾，去e再加y：noise-nois

22、y; ice-icy 4) 名词加ly构成形容词：friend-friendly; love-lovely; 特殊记day-daily 5) 名词在词尾加ful变形容词：use-useful; help-helpful。口诀：名词变成形容词，一般词尾y跟随。元辅结尾且重读，双写词尾再加y。e字母，不发音，去掉它，再加y。ly、ful特殊用，加在词尾名变形。2. 形容词修饰以下复合不定代词时放在其后：someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybody, anything, nobody, nothing, everything。如Would you lik

23、e something hot to eat? I have got something important to tell you all.3. away, long, wide, high, deep, old等词附带有数词短语说明时，要把形容词放在后面。如The street is 50 meters wide. He is 2 years older than me.4. 形容词比较级和最高级变化规则：1) 一般在词尾加er/est构成比较级和最高级：short-shorter-shortest; tall-taller-tallest; 2) 以不发音的e结尾的词，直接在词尾加r/s

24、t：nice-nicer-nicest; close-closer-closest 3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先将y变成i再加er/est：easy-easier-easiest; lucky-luckier-luckiest; happy-happier-happiest 4) 以重读闭音节结尾且词末只有一个辅音字母（简记为辅元辅结尾的重读闭音节），双写词尾字母再加er/est：hot-hotter-hottest; big-bigger-biggest; thin-thinner-thinnest; 5) 以ed或ing结尾的分词形容词，一般在词前加more和most：tired-mo

25、re tired-most tired; interesting-more interesting-most interesting; 6) 部分双音词和多音词，在词前加more和most：beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful; careful-more careful- most careful(还有important, difficult, famous, delicious等词)5. 特殊变化：good/well-better-best; bad-worse-worst; many/much-more-most; little-less-leas

26、t; far-farther/further-farthest/furthest6. 必会句型：1) A+be+as+形原+as+B（表示A与B在某方面程度一样）2) A+be+比较级+than+B（表示A比B更）3) 比较级+and+比较级（表示越来越）4) A+be+the+最高级+in/of/among（表示在一个范围内最）5). One of the + 最高级（表示最的之一）,切记，比较级用在二者之间，最高级是三者之上7. 固定搭配：be careful about(对.小心); be sorry about(对感到遗憾)；be sure about(对有把握); be worrie

27、d about(对担忧)；be angry at(对生气)；be good at(擅长)；be famous for（由于而著名）; be well-known for（由于而著名）; be ready for（准备好做）；be good for（对有好处）；be bad for（对有坏处）；be harmful for（对有坏处）；get ready for（准备做）；be interested in(对感兴趣); be afraid of(害怕)；be careful of（对小心）8. 一个常考句型：A+much+比较级+than+B(表示A比B.的多); 如：Yao Ming is m

28、uch taller than I.副词考点1. 切记：形容词修饰名词和代词，副词修饰动词和形容词。2. 形容词变副词规则：1) 一般直接加ly，如slow-slowly; 2) 辅音加y结尾的单词变y为i，再加ly；如lucky-luckily; 3)元音字母+e结尾的单词，去e加ly，如true-truly; 4) 以le结尾的单词去e加y，如possible-possibly。口诀：一般直接加，元e去e加，辅y改i加，le结尾e改y.3. 副词enough要放在所修饰的形容词或副词之后，如The boy is old enough to go to school.4. 三类副词：时间副词

29、，如now, yesterday, today等；频度副词，如often, usually, never, sometimes, always等；程度副词，如very, too, much, so等。还有必会的一些副词：the day before yesterday, 3 days ago, last Monday, last weekend, last night, last month, last year, just now, on my holiday, yesterday morning/afternoon/evening5. 常见的几个特殊副词：well(形容词是good)；fa

30、st（形容词还是fast）；slowly(副词词是slow)；late（形容词还是late）；early（形容词还是early）6. 副词修饰动词，所以在做题时要求写出一个形容词的适当形式，当前面是动词时，要联想到副词形式。如He sings as _(good) as his father.7. 形容词变副词最常考的变化是加ly；如careful - carefully数词考点1. 基数词易错数字：eleven, twelve, thirteen, fifteen, eighteen, nineteen(nine只有在变序数词第九时去e)；twenty; thirty; forty（易错）;

31、 fifty; ninety2. 序数词易错数字：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth(易错)；twelfth（易错）；fourteenth; fifteenth; nineteenth; twentieth; fortieth(易错); ninetieth；口诀：基变序，有规律，一二三，特殊记，词尾字母tdd。八减t来九去e，f来把ve替，单词ty作结尾，ty变成tie。若是碰到几十几，只变个位就可以。3. 具体数字两无（无s无of），模糊数字两有（有s有of）：two hundred指两百; thousands of指成千上万4. 序数词的缩

32、写：数字加后两位：1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th5. 基数词用法：1)表示确切年龄：He is twelve years old.(注意这里用year要用复数，但若有连字符则不用，twelve-year-old); 2) 表示年代或人的不确切年龄，用带十的复数形式：in the forties（在四十年代）3)表示时间：记住分钟在前，时钟在后，小于或等于30分钟用past，大于30分钟用to：ten past nine(9:10), a quarter past eight(8:15); half past nine(9:30); ten to nine(8:50); a qu

33、arter to nine(8:45), 还可以直接按照时刻表读时间：九点四十（9:40）读作nine forty6. 编号的两种表示方法：序在前或基在后，如the twelfth lesson=Lesson 12; the fifth room=Room 5; the tenth page=Page 107. 日期的两种表示方法：5th July, 2011(英国表示法)；July 5th, 2011(th可加可不加，这是美国表示方法，更为常用)8. 数字编号必会：名词在前，数字在后，均要大写，如Class One, Grade Two.介词考点1. 表示时间：at(点)，on(日)，in(

34、其他)；1) at表示具体时刻:at 5 oclock, at 7:00; 固定搭配：at night; at noon 2) on表示具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上；on Monday, on Monday morning, on July 5th; on还可用于带有Day的节日前：on Childrens Day 3) in表示月份、季节、年和泛指的上午、下午和晚上；in the morning, in May, in Spring, in 20172. 表示地点：in表示包含，on表示相邻，to表示不相邻：1)Japan is to the east of China. 2) G

35、uangzhou is in the south of Guangdong. 3) Sichuan is on the east of Tibet.3. at表示在较小的地点：at home, at school, at bus stop4. in表示在较大的地方：in China, in Beijing(注意区分：in还表示在一个范围内，如in my room, in my family, in your classroom)5. in表示穿戴着什么（衣服）。如：Do you know the girl in a red?6. in表示用某种语言。如：Can you speak it in

36、English? Whats this in Chinese?7. on表示在某一物体的上方，两物体有接触。如: on the wall, on the desk, on the floor。 There is a book on the desk.8. under表示在某一物体的正下方，与over相对。如:There is a cat under the table.9. over表示在某一物体的垂直上方，与under相对。如：A lamp was hanging over the table.10. above表示在某一物体的上方，不一定在正上方。如：There is a picture

37、above the bed.11. in front of表示在.之前，在范围之外。如：There is a tree in front of my house.12. in the front of表示在.的前部，在范围之内。如：There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom.13. behind表示在的后面。如：There is an umbrella behind the door.14. beside表示在的旁边。如：Please sit down beside me.15. between表示在两者之间。如：Danny is b

38、etween Li Ming and Jenny.16. along表示沿着移动。如：They are walking along the street.17. across表示动作是在某一物体的表面进行，意为横过，穿过，指从一边到另一边。如：She swam across the river.18. look like表示看起像。如: He looks like his father.19. of表示所属关系，指谁的。如：a map of China, This is a picture of Danny.20. by表示乘某种交通工具。如by bus, by bike, by train,

39、 by plane21. with有四个常用意思：1) 和谁在一起：Would you like to go shopping with me this afternoon? 2)表示用某种工具，用身体的某个部位或器官。如：Please write with your pen. You can see it with your eyes. 3) 表示带着或拿什么，如：Danny ran fast with his kite. - the boy with a book in his hand 4) 指人长着什么：the girl with big eyes22. for用法易错，非常重要1)

40、表示给.，如Please buy a new pen for me. This gift is for you. 2)表示作为或当作，如：I would like to eat some fish and rice for lunch. 3)表示因为或原因。如：Xian is famous for its long history. Thank you for your help. 4)表示到的时间。如：Its time for school. Its time for bed.23. before表示在.之前。如：I often brush my teeth before bereakfas

41、t.24. after表示在.之后。如：Do you often watch TV after supper?25. 考点：on指树上长出来的东西，in表示在树里头。如：There are many apples on the tree. There is a boy in the tree.口诀：上下午晚要用in，年月季前也用in，日期节日需用on，某日早晚还是on。正午夜里用at，时分用法也一样。连词考点1. and表示“和”的意思，表示并列和对称。如：I can speak English and Chinese.注意考点是前后时态一致，如You and I are enemies. H

42、e went to school and never came back.2. but表示“但是”的意思，表示转折。如：I have a cold, but I dont take medicine.3. or表示“或者”，“还是”，“否则”的意思，表示选择或转折。如：Is your friend is a boy or a girl? We must run fast, or we will be late. 注意：并列句中的列举常用or而不用and, 如：I dont like singing or dancing. I dont like coffee or tea.4. so表示“因此

43、”，“所以”。如：Its dark, so I must go now. You got up too late, so you missed the bus.5. because表示“因为”，表示原因。如：She is unhappy, because she lost the game.注意，在英语里,because和so不能同时在一句子中出现。如Because Mom bought me a new book, so I was very happy.是错误的表达，正确是：Mom bought me a new book, so I was very happy. 或者 I was ve

44、ry happy because Mom bought me a new book.6. though/although表示“虽然”，如：Although you are cook, I hate you. 注意，though/although与but不可以一起使用。情态动词考点1. can表示“能力”、“请求”、“推测”，过去式为could。Could用在疑问句中表示更委婉、客气，是一种礼貌说法，并不表示过去式，回答要用can而不用could。如：Could I use your pen? Yes, of course you can.2. may和might表示请求和允许。Might比ma

45、y的语气更委婉，而不是过去式，否定回答可以用cant或musnt，表示不可以，禁止。如：Might/May I smoke in this room? No, you mustnt.(或，No, you cant)3. May放在句首表示祝愿。如：May you succeed! 4. must和have to表示必须，必要。Must强调主观上认为“必须”要做某事，而have to强调客观上“不得不”做某事。如：I must do you homework first. It is raining hard outside, I have to stay at home.5. must疑问句的

46、肯定回答用must, 否定回答用 dont have to或neednt,不能用mustnt（表示一定不，必须不，不允许），如：Must I clean the room at once? 肯定回答是Yes, you must. 否定回答是No, you dont have to.(或No, you neednt)6. 注意can not的缩写形式是cant7. 基本句型：主语+can+动词原型+其他，如I can play the piano. 否定句：I cant play the piano. 一般疑问句：Can you play the piano? 回答：Yes, I can./No

47、, I cant.8. 情态表推测：肯定：must(一定)cancouldmaymight; 否定：cant(一定不)couldntmay notmight not。如: You cant be serious.(你一定不是认真的)，注意，mustnt表示禁止。9. 问答重要考点：can/could问句用can回答，may/might问句用may/can回答（否定cant）,must问句肯定回答用must, 否定用neednt或dont have to动词变化考点1. 第三人称单数变化规则：一般情况直接加s，如play-plays, sing-sings; 以ch,sh,s,x,o结尾的加es

48、, 如teach-teaches, wash-washes, miss-misses, fix-fixes，go-goes; 以辅音字母加y结尾的先把y变i再加es，如fly-flies；study-studies; carry-carries; 注意一个特殊的不规则变化：have-has2. 现在分词变化规则：一般情况直接加ing，如go-going, jump-jumping；study-studying; 以不发音的e结尾去e加ing，如have-having, live-living; come-coming; write-writing; 以重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅音字母（简称辅元辅），双写末尾辅音字母再加ing，如run-running, stop-stopping, swim-swimming。注意易错单词，直接加ing的易错词有play, study, draw, buy, listen, ski; sing; 去e加ing的易错词有：make, l