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1、Unit 8Negative in English, but Affirmative in Chinese or Affirmative in English, but Negative in Chinese焦虑不安at a loss不治之症failure无期徒刑安然无恙soon闲人免入wet paintkeep uprightkeep off the grassanxiety不知所措be fatally ill不成功life sentencesafe and sound不久staff only油漆未干请勿倒置请勿践踏草坪正反、反正表达法An opportunity is not likely

2、 to repeat itself. 机会难得。Such things are of no rare occurrence.这些事情经常发生No man can have too much knowledge and practice.知识和实践越多越好。Thats not a man that lives who does not know his god-like hours. (William Wordsworth)凡是活在世上的人都曾有过神仙般的几段绝好时光。（双重否定表示强烈肯定）The significance of these incidents wasnt lost on us

3、.这些事引起了我们的重视。He has no small chance of success.他大有成功的可能。Nothing is useless to man.样样东西都有用。（双重否定用来表示强烈肯定）正话反说，肯定译否定 The window refuses to open. 窗户打不开。It is a wise father that knows his own child.聪明的父亲也未必了解自己的儿子。 “it be +adj. +n.+ that”It is good workman that never blunders.智者千虑，必有一失。It is a long lane

4、 that has no turning. 路必有弯，事必有变。She refrained from laughing. 她忍住没有笑。The thick carpet killed the sound of my footsteps.我走在厚厚的地毯上一点儿声音也没有。The pursuit of science withdraws interest from external things.科学家由于致力于科学研究，对外界事物总是不感兴趣。My guess is as good as yours. 我的猜测并不比你的高明In the grave the rich and the poor

5、lie equal.人死后即无贫富之差别。We live meagerly, but at the same time, we blessed in many ways.我们生活并不富裕，但同时在很多方面又是很幸运的。肯定译否定，更能传神达意In the high altitude snow and ice remain all the year.海拔高的地方，冰雪常年不化。The explanation is pretty thin. 这个解释很不详细。Slips are scarcely avoidable when youre new to your work.工作没有经验，出点差错，在

6、所难免。There have always been more books than anyone could read.任何人都不能读尽天下之书。It was beyond his power to sign such a contract. 他无权签订这个合同。Yet the process of achieving gender equality is still an ongoing one.然而争取男女平等的过程仍然是一项未竟之业。否定译肯定，更能表达原文涵义Dont lose time in posting the letter. 赶快把信发出去。There is nothing

7、unexpected about it. 一切在意料之中。I could not feel better.我感觉很好。Nothing can live without water.万物皆靠水生存。It leaves nothing to be desired.这已完美无缺。This fresh air will do you no harm after you being in the house all day.在屋里呆了一整天之后，吸吸新鲜空气对你大有好处。A book may be compared to your neighbour; if it is good, it can not

8、 last too long; if bad, you cannot get rid of it too early.一本书可比作邻居；如果好，结识愈久愈好；如果不好，分手愈早愈好。Unit 9分译法(Division)合译法(Combination) He, not surprisingly, did not come at all.他根本就没来，这是不足为奇的。He is honest. He is straightforward.他为人纯朴而坦诚。About one hundred elements, two thirds of which are metals, have been f

9、ound.已经发现100种元素，其中三分之二是金属。He did not remember his father, who died when he was only three years old. 他三岁时父亲就去世了，因此，他不记得父亲。We tried in vain to persuade him to give up his wrong belief.我们尽力劝说他放弃错误的信念，但没有成功。 Is there any problem I mentioned that you dont understand?我提到的问题中，你们还有没有不懂的？Matter has certain

10、features or properties that enable us to recognize it easily. 物质具有一定的能使我们容易识别它们的特征。物质具有一定的特征，我们可以根据这些特征来识别它们。I put on my clothes by the light of a half-moon just setting, where rays streamed through the narrow window near my bed.我趁着正要落下去的半个月亮光穿上衣服；月光从床边狭窄的窗子照射了进来。半轮残月渐渐西坠，月光透过床边的一扇狭窄的窗子照射进来，我趁着月光穿上衣

11、服。Immediately, the bandit opened fire, killing four workers and injuring the fifth who later died of his wounds.刹那间那匪徒开火了，打死了四名工人，打伤了后来死于枪伤的第五个人。刹那间那匪徒开火了，打死了四名工人，打伤了另一名。这名工人后来也因伤势过重而死去。 分译法与合译法Illogically, she had expected some kind of miracle solution.她满以为会有某种奇迹般的解决办法，这显然不合情理。They, not unexpectedl

12、y, did not respond. 他们没有回答，这完全是意料之中的事。Theoretically, this is a marvelous piece of scientific writing.从理论上看，那是一篇了不起的科学论文。 The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their achievements in aviation industry.中国似乎为他们在航天事业上取得的成就而自豪，这是合乎情理的。The city segregation law had understandably aroused a civil right mov

13、ement that spread from coast to coast.城市隔离法引起美国全国范围内的民权运动，这是可以理解的。 He is an active student, but he was uncharacteristically listless in class today.这个学生很活跃，可今天他在课堂上却无精打采，异乎寻常。Those Chinese scientists in Silicon Valley are understandably proud of their achievements.这些在硅谷工作的科学家对他们取得的成就感到自豪，这可以理解。 形容词：

14、That region was the most identifiable trouble spot. 那地区是个麻烦的地方，这是大家最容易看得出来的。She had such a kindly, smiling, tender, gentle, generous heart that she was loved and respected by her students. 她心地善良，性格温柔，乐观大方，深受学生们的爱戴。The number of the young people in the United States who cannot read is incredible-abou

15、t one in four.大约有四分之一的美国青年人没有阅读能力，这简直令人难以置信。名词Much of the historical splendor of China strains the imagination of Western people: its expanse, its cultural diversity, the length of its history, the beautiful objects produced thousands of years ago with a technology that still makes the experts gasp.

16、中国历史上的许多辉煌成就令许多西方人心驰神往：其内容博大精深，其文化多姿多彩，其历史悠长久远，她在数千年之前在制作众多极品中所使用的精湛技艺至今还令专家们惊叹不已。He had to quit the position and went into exile, having been deprived of his power.他被剥夺了权利之后，他只好辞职，流落他乡。The child gave a cry and with outstretched arms ran forward.那孩子叫了一声，伸开两臂，跑了过去。The mayor has to flatter Mr. White,

17、the director of the supervision committee.市长不得不吹捧怀特先生，他是督导委员会的主任。In August 1946, on my fifth trip through China, bound for my Moscow home but not in haste, since my husband had died in the war, I came to Yanan.1946年8月，我在回莫斯科家的途中，第五次路过中国；由于我丈夫已经在战争中牺牲了，当时我并不急于回去，就到了延安。把句子拆开：Strange enough they were t

18、he same age to the day.真是奇怪，他们年龄一样大，而且还是同日生的。She had made several attempts to help them find other rental quarters without success.她已经试了好几次，要帮他们找一所出租的房子，结果没有成功。 Elizabeth was determined to make no effort for conversation with a woman, who was now more than usually insolent and disagreeable.不肯再和这样一个女

19、人说话，这个女人现在异常无礼，非常令人反感。词的合译You will supply financial power, and well supply man power. Isnt that fair and square?你们出钱，我们出人，这难道还不公平吗？His father is a man who forgives and forgets. 他的父亲非常宽容。Her son was wise and clever, but her daughter was silly and foolish. 她的儿子非常聪明，可女儿却很笨。He suffered aches and pains.

20、他遭受百般疼痛。He is a man of culture and learning. 他是个很有学问的人。I hate all these hustle and bustle. 我讨厌这种拥挤不堪的场面。 The young man was very miserable. He had no money about him. All his savings had been stolen.这个年轻人真惨，已落到身无分文的地步，因为他的全部积蓄都被偷了。That day, the President had an interview with his father. His father w

21、as going to the moon by space shuttle.那天，总统会见了他的父亲，他的父亲将乘航天飞机去登月。复合句的翻译When I negotiate, I get nervous. When I get nervous, I eat.我谈判时总是有些紧张。紧张时我就吃点东西。When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people, we are not merely being polite.我们对中国领导人和中国人民的赞扬不仅仅是出于礼貌。In 1844 Engels met Marx, and they becam

22、e friends.1844年恩格斯与马克思相遇并成为了好朋友。It was in mid-August, and the repair section operated under the blazing sun.八月中旬，维修人员在烈日下工作。But, occasionally, through haste and carelessness, mistakes were made, so that at the end of the business day one teller would be short on cash, the other long.但是，偶尔也有这种情况，由于仓促

23、匆忙或者粗心大意而造成错误，结果当天停业结算时，有的出纳会少了现金，而有的会多了。She went back home to take care of her husband. He was seriously ill.她回家照料她病重的丈夫。They sat down in the waiting-room to do some reading. People came to and fro there. 他们在人来人往的候车室里坐下来看书。They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread more furiously throughout t

24、he country.他们企图扑灭反抗，结果反抗越来越猛，遍及全国。Unit 10译成汉语主动句The whole country was armed in a few days.几天以内全国武装起来了。The sense of inferiority that he acquired in his youth has never been totally eradicated.他在青少年时期留下的自卑感，还没有完全消除。By the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the organization, but at a cost of o

25、ver 200 Belgian and French lives.大战结束时，这个组织拯救了八百人，但那是以200多比利时人和法国人的生命为代价的。The decision to attack was not taken lightly.进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。常用被动句型的汉语习惯译法v It is hoped that 希望v It is reported that 据报道v It is said that 据说v It is supposed that 据推测v Its must be admitted that 必须承认v It must be pointed out that必须指

26、出v It is asserted that 有人主张v It is believed that 有人相信v It is well known that 众所周知v It will be said that 人们会说v It was told that人们曾说v I was told that 我听说译成汉语被动句：被，给，遭受，受到, 为所Any minute we would surely be spotted by enemy planes flying in and out of the airfield.我们随时都会被出入机场的敌机发现。They were given a heart

27、y welcome.他们受到热烈欢迎。I was so impressed by these words that I used them later for a Christmas card. 我为这些话所深深感动，后来我就把它们写在圣诞贺卡上。译成“把”、“使”和“由”字句The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire.大火使这著名旅馆几乎全部毁灭。Most letters from his wife, are read to him by the nurse in the hospital.他妻子给他的信件，

28、大多数是由医院里的护士念给他听的。The astonishing thing is that this most dangerous operation was organized by a young attractive twenty-year-old Belgian girl，Andree De Jongh by name.令人惊奇的是，这个极其危险的作战行动是由一个年轻美丽的比利时姑娘组织的，她叫安得.岱荣，23岁。Translation techniques should be paid enough attention to.【译文】翻译技巧应予以足够的重视。A program c

29、alled a compiler was written by an expert in machine code and is stored in the computer. 【译文】编译程序先由专家用机器代码编码写好， 然后储存在计算机中。Television keeps us informed about current events at home and abroad.【译文】电视使我们了解国内外时事。Illness must be correctly diagnosed before they can be treated with medicine.【译文】疾病必须先确诊，再用药

30、。The credit system in America was first adopted by Harvard University in 1872.【译文】美国的学分制是1872年在哈佛大学首先实施的。The work must be finished before Christmas.【译文】这项工作必须在圣诞节前完成。The quality of our products has been greatly improved.【译文】产品质量有了很大的提高。You are supposed to pay right after the books are delivered.【译文】

31、书到后应立即付款。The students should be enabled to develop morally, intellectually and physically in an all-round way.【译文】必须使学生在德育、智育、体育方面得到全面发展。Unit 11主语从句 （Subject Clause） 以what, whatever, whoever, whether, when, where, how, why等词引导的主语从句，在翻译的时候，一般可以按照英语原文顺序来翻译。 The problem is not what he knows and how he

32、is trained, but what he is and what he can do.用it作形式主语的主语从句，可以把主语从句放到汉语句子最前面去翻译。为了强调起见，it一般可以译出来；如果不需要强调，it也可以不译出来。 It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash. 驾驶员在飞机坠毁之后，竟然还能活着，这看来是不可想象的。（It翻译为“这”） 有时候，如果主语从句仍然按照英语原来的顺序翻译的话，it一般不需要译出来。在汉语译文的开始，一般可以用“.的是，.”这样的结构来翻译。 It is s

33、trange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings. 真奇怪，她竟然没有看出自己的缺点。（It不用翻译）还可以用“奇怪的是.”这样的结构来翻译） 宾语从句 （Object Clause） 用that, what, how, when, which, why, whether, if 等引起的宾语从句，翻译成汉语的时候，一般不需要改变它在原句中的顺序。 We all know that cigarette smoking is hazardous to health and that alcohol abuse can k

34、ill. 我们都知道吸烟对健康有害，我们也知道酗酒会危害人的生命。 用it 作形式宾语的句子，在翻译的时候，that所引导的宾语从句一般可按英语原文顺序翻译；it有时候可以不用翻译。I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 oclock in the morning. 我向他们讲清楚了的，他们必须在上午十时前交卷。（it没有翻译） We consider it absolutely necessary that we should open our door to the outside worl

35、d. 打开国门，实行开放，我们认为这是绝对必要的。（it翻译为“这”） 。表语从句 （The Predicative Clause ）表语从句是位于主句的联系动词后面、充当主句主语的表语的从句，它也是由that，what，why，how，when，where，whether等连词和关联词引导的。一般来讲，可以先译主句，后译从句。The question remains whether we can win the majority of the people. 问题是我们能否赢得大多数人民群众的支持。 Another cause of obscurity is that the writer

36、is himself not quite sure of his meaning. 写不清楚还有一个原因，那就是作者自己对于所要表达的意思也不是很有把握。Absence to love is what wind is to fire. It extinguishes the small; it inflames the great. 离别之于爱情好比风之于火，它能将小火熄灭，使大火熊熊燃烧。同位语从句 （Appositive Clause）一般来说，同位语从句可以直接翻译在主句后面。He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit C

37、hina again.他表示希望再到中国来访问。There is a possibility that he is a spy.有可能他是一个间谍。There is an ample experimental evidence that actually smoking is harmful to your health.有大量的实验证据表明，吸烟实际上对你的健康是有害的。有时候在翻译同位语从句时，可以将其放在所修饰的名词前面，相当于前置的修饰语，但不一定使用定语的标志词“的”。这种情况下，同位语从句都是比较简单。We know the fact that bodies possess wei

38、ght.我们都知道物体具有重量这一事实。The rumor that he was arrested was unfounded.关于他被捕的传闻是没有根据的。增加“即”（或者“以为”）这样的词来连接，或用冒号、破折号直接分开主句和同位语从句。But this does not in any way alter the fact that they are now, from a practical point of view, irrational.但这却丝毫改变不了这样一个事实，即从实用的观点来看，他们今天仍是不合理的。We have reached the conclusion that

39、 practice is the criterion for testing truth.我们已经得出这样的结论：实践是检验真理的标准。Not long ago, the scientists made an exciting discovery that this waste material could be turned into plastics.不久前，科学家们获得一个令人振奋的发现可以把这种废物变成塑料。Bush has noted on several occasions that he will be the first president since John F. Kenn

40、edy to be inaugurated in the presence of his father. He is proud and thrilled about that. So are the Americans who voted for him. That is what they were counting on.【译文】小布什曾在好几个场合里谈到，他将是自肯尼迪之后第一位有个显赫的父亲参加就职典礼的总统。他对此深感骄傲，那些选他的人也对此感到骄傲。这是他们对他有信心的原因。The study followed four groups of children: one with

41、supportive parents, one with stimulating parents, one whose parents combined both qualities and a final group who offered neither. The children were given electronic devices; when these made a sound, they had to make a note of what they were doing and assess how happy and alert they felt.【译文】这一研究跟踪的

42、是四组儿童：一组儿童的家长是支持型的，一组是激励型的，一组是支持激励相结合的，最后一组儿童的家长既不支持也不激励。孩子们拿到一些电子装置。当电子装置发出声响时，他们就要记下孩子们当时正在干什么，并评估孩子们从中感受到的快乐和反应的敏捷程度。The most significant implication would seem to be that while most people are in a good position to fulfill their biological potentialbarring serious illnesses or a poor diet during

43、 childhoodit is far from certain that they will grow up in an environment where that capacity will be developed.【译文】最重要的启示似乎是：尽管大多数人都有条件很好地发挥他们的生理潜能除非童年时得了严重疾病，或饮食太差，但是，他们是否能生长在一个能开发其能力的环境中则远非一个确定因素。Unit 12 英语定语从句的翻译The man who has made up his mind to win will never say “impossible”.凡是决心取得胜利的人是从来不说“

44、不可能的”。True friendship is like sound health, the value of which is seldom known until it be lost.真正的友谊犹如健康，只有失去时，才会意识到它的价值。 A man can succeed at almost anything for which he has unlimited enthusiasm.一个人，只要他有无限的热情，就几乎可以在任何事情上取得成功 。He is a fool who cannot be angry, and he is wise who will not.不会发怒是蠢人，不

45、愿发怒是聪明人。英语定语从句的译法前置法He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.没有吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜。Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore.太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。His laughter, which was infectious, broke the silence.他那富有感染力的笑声打破了沉寂。He liked his sister, who was warm a

46、nd pleasant, but he did not like his brother, who was aloof and arrogant. 他喜欢热情愉快的妹妹， 而不喜欢冷漠高傲的哥哥。He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.没有吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜。Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore.太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。His laughter, which was inf

47、ectious, broke the silence.他那富有感染力的笑声打破了沉寂。He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant, but he did not like his brother, who was aloof and arrogant. 他喜欢热情愉快的妹妹， 而不喜欢冷漠高傲的哥哥。I told the story to John, who told it to his brother.他把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他的弟弟后置法/切分法You, whose predecessors scored initial success in astronomical research, have acquired a greater accomplishment in this respect.你们的先辈在天文学研究方面取得了初步的