2015-2017年高考英语分项解析精编版专题-短文改错.docx

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1、2015-2017年高考英语分项解析精编版专题22短文改错2017年高考题短文改错记叙文 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took dr

2、iving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructors orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank. I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turning le

3、ft！” I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons. I stil

4、leighteenthremember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the the/my instructors orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank. I forgot what he had said to mebut/yet wentaltogether. The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up！” “Slow down！”“Turni

5、ngwords Turnleft！” I was so nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in thelater sudden middle on the road. of3. so改为but或yet考查连词。根据句意可知作者本以为自己已经掌握了教练说的话，结果一发动车，脑中一片空白。前后文

6、为转折关系，故将so改为but或yet。4. goes改为went考查时态。根据前文中的started可知时态为一般过去时，故将goes改为went。5. word改为words考查名词复数。教练一直喊“加速”“减速”“左转”。 word表示某人说的话时是可数名词，故将word改为words。6. Turning改为Turn考查非谓语动词。分析语境可知教练的话“加速”“减速”“左转”都是祈使句，根据前文“Speed up！” “Slow down！”也可以看得出来。祈使句应该用动词原形开头，故将Turning改为Turn。7. 去掉much考查固定句型。“我”如此紧张以至于无法分辨哪个方向是左

7、。固定句型sothat表示“如此以至于”，much为多余成分。故将much去掉。8. late改为later考查副词。作形容词的时候，later是late的比较级，如：Their deadline is quite late. Ours is even later.(他们的截止日期很迟，我们的更迟。)作副词的时候，late意为“迟”；later意为“稍后，随后”。句意：几分钟之后。故将late改为later。9. suddenly改为sudden考查形容词。“我”紧急刹车。suddenly是副词，表示“意外地，忽然地”。 sudden为形容词，表示“突然的，迅速的”，修饰名词stop。a su

8、dden stop表示“急刹车”。故将suddenly改为sudden。10. on改为of考查介词。分析语境可知作者表示“在路中间急刹车”。on the road表示“在路上”， the middle of the road表示“路的中央”，强调的是“the middle”。故将on改为of。【名师点睛】1. 谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点，常见动词错误类型有一般现在时与一般过去时错用；and前后动词时态不一致；主谓不一致；缺少动词，特别是be动词；第三人称单数形式错用；主动语态和被动语态错用。2. 名词的常见错误：单复数名词错用，可数名词与不可数名词错用。例如第75题将 word改为

9、words。word的意思主要是“单词,消息”，words 可以表示为word的复数，也表示某人说的话。这里指教练说的那些话，故将word改为words。3. 冠词错误：误用a和an（根据单词的第一个音素来判定）；误用a/an和the（固定搭配，或泛指、特指；多冠词或少冠词）例如第72题 first前加the或my。句中特指开始学驾照的第一天，所以在first前加上the。也可以加上my，my first day表示“我（学驾照）的第一天”。故在first前加the或my。4. 形容词和副词错误：系动词（am/is/are/was/were/become/go）和感官性动词（smell/fee

10、l）后用形容词；词性的误用（形容词修饰名词；副词修饰动词和形容词）。例如第79题将suddenly改为sudden。suddenly是副词，表示“意外地，忽然地”。 sudden为形容词，表示“突然的；迅速的”。a sudden stop表示“急刹车”。故将suddenly改为sudden。5. 代词错误：代词的主格和宾格（I/me; he/him; she/her; we/us; they/them）错误；反身代词（myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves）使 用错误；代词的单数和复数使用错误；代词指代错误；多代词或少代词。6.

11、 非谓语动词的常见错误：不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时；and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致；介词后用动名词形式作宾语；某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。例如第76 题将Turning改为Turn。分析语境可知教练的话“加速”，“减速”，“左转”都是祈使句，根据前文“Speed up!” “Slow down!”也可以看得出来。祈使句应该用动词原形，故将Turning改为Turn。7. 介词错误：词组中的介词误用；介词意思理解偏差；介词的多用或少用。例如第80题将 on改为of。分析语境可知作者表示“在路中间急刹车”，on the road表示“在路上”， the middle of the ro

12、ad表示“路的中央”，强调的是“the middle”。故将on改为of。 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Mr and Mrs Zhang all work in our school. They live far from the school

13、，and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time，they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden，that is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together.They have also bought for some gardening tools. Besid

14、e，they often get some useful informations from the Internet. When summer came，they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables!Mr and Mrs Zhang all work in our school. They live far from the school，and it takes themboth或 about a hour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time，t

15、hey are interesting inan/one interestedplanting vegetables in their garden，that is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up whichearlier and water the vegetables together. They have also bought some gardening tools. earlyBeside, they often get some useful informations from the Internet. When

16、 summer came,Besides information comesthey will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables! to5. earlier改为early考查副词的用法。此处无比较对象，用原级表示“起得早”。6. 去掉for考查动词搭配。buy为及物动词，不能接介词for。7. Beside改为Besides考查副词的用法。besides在此表示 “除了还”。8. informations改为information考查不可数名词。information为不可数名词。 9. came改为comes考查动词时态。此处指“

17、当夏天来临时”，用一般现在时。10. students后加to考查固定结构。invite sb to do sth邀请某人做某事。【名师点睛】高考短文改错考点层次一般而言可依次分为词法的测试、句法的测试和语篇的测试三个层面。考点层次越高，就越能测试出考生运用语言的能力。低层次的考点往往侧重于语法方面的考查，而高层次的考点往往侧重于考生对文章意义方面的理解。一、词法改错词法的测试包括：定冠词和不定冠词的用法；名词的单复数和名词的所有格；动词的时态、语态、语气，情态动词和非谓语动词等；人称代词、人称代词的格、物主代词、指示代词、连接代词、不定代词等的用法；介词的搭配；并列连词、从属连词的用法；形容

18、词、副词的区别以及比较级和最高级的用法；固定搭配和习惯用法。例如：本题中的8.informations改为information 考查名词单复数二、句法改错句法的测试包括：主谓语在数上的一致性；名词性从句、定语从句和强调句；句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性和逻辑性。例如：4.that改为which 考查非限制性定语从句。三、语篇改错语篇的测试包括：上下文的时态是否一致；上下文中的代词指代是否一致；上下文中的逻辑关系是否一致。例如：9.came改为comes 考查时态考点：考查短文改错 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处

19、。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies. I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years. About one month

20、after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments. I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes，pla

21、ying pop music，and collecting the late music albums. This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.When I look at this picture of myself, I realize how fast time flies. I had grown not only havephysically, and also mentally in the past few years. About one month a

22、fter this photo was took, Ibut taken entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. became Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: carthis/the that/whichmagazines and musical instruments. I enjoyed studying differ

23、ence kinds of cars and planes，differentplaying pop music，and collecting the late music albums. This picture often brings back to me latest many happy memories of your high school days. my4. tooktaken考查过去分词。根据逻辑关系可知照片是被拍，故用被动语态，被动语态的构成是“be过去分词”，故把took改为taken。5. becomebecame考查动词的时态。因为become和前面的entered

24、是并列谓语，故也用一般过去时。6. picture前加this/the考查限定词。根据语境可知这张照片是上文提到的照片，是特指，故需要用限定词this/the修饰。2016年高考题1.【2016全国新课标I】短文改错（10 分） 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从

25、第11处起）不计分。My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that 1 live .Though not very big ,but the restaurant is popular in our area .It is always crowded with customers at meal times .Some people even had to wait outside My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. Every day he makes su

26、re that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time. Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady.【答案】1. that where 2. but去掉 3. had have 4. honest honesty 5. or and 6. using used 7. becoming前加of 8. t

27、he a 9. our his 10. steadsteadily 【解析】试题分析：1. that where 考查宾语从句的引导词。介词后面的宾语从句缺少状语，根据句意判断此处表示地点。故把that改为where。 2. 去掉but 考查连词。Though不和but连用，故去掉but。 【归纳总结】在英语中though、although、while或者as等引导的让步状语从句不和but连用；连词because不和so连用；此外，return不和back连用。3. had have 考查动词时态。 文章是介绍现在的情况，应该用一般现在时。4. honest honesty 考查名词。此处是指

28、诚实是他成功的秘诀，用名词形式。 而形容词honest意思是“诚实的”，是指人的性格特点。 考点：考查短文改错 2.【2016全国新课标II】短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。删除：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。The summer holi

29、day is coming. My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. We can chose between staying at home and take a trip. If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money. But in that case, we will learn little about world. If we go on a trip abroad, we can br

30、oaden you view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. I thought that it is a good idea. It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot.【答案】1.how改为what 2.chose改为choose 3.take改为taking 4.but改为and 5.about后加the6.your改为our 7.knowl

31、edges改为knowledge 8.删除can或can改为should9.thought改为think 10.many改为much3.take改为taking 考查并列结构。本句中动名词短语staying at home与taking a trip构成并列关系，都作为介词between的宾语。4.but改为and 考查连词。句意：如果我们待在家里，很舒服也没有必要花钱。上下文之间是并列关系，而不是转折关系，所以使用and连接上下文。5.about后加the 考查定冠词。在英语中定冠词the通常表示特指，本句中the修饰world表示特指这个世界。6.your改为our 考查代词。应该使用ou

32、r与本句的主语we保持一致。句意：如果我们出国旅游，我们就拓宽视野并学到书本上学不到的知识。7.knowledges改为knowledge 考查名词单复数。本句中名词knowledge是不可数名词，没有复数形式。8.删除can或can改为should 考查虚拟语气。动词suggest作为建议的时候，后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气“(should)+动词原形”,所以本句可以删除can或can改为should。9.thought改为think 考查时态。本文介绍我和同学们商量暑假旅游的事情，全文以一般现在时为主，所以本句使用现在时think。10.many改为much 考查代词。本句中代词much代

33、替不可数名词much money作为动词cost的宾语，而many通常代替可数名词复数形式。【名师点睛】高考短文改错考点层次一般而言可依次分为词法的测试、句法的测试和语篇的测试三个层面。考点层次越高，就越能测试出考生运用语言的能力。低层次的考点往往侧重于语法方面的考查，而高层次的考点往往侧重于考生对文章意义方面的理解。一、词法改错词法的测试包括：定冠词和不定冠词的用法；名词的单复数和名词的所有格；动词的时态、语态、语气，情态动词和非谓语动词等；人称代词、人称代词的格、物主代词、指示代词、连接代词、不定代词等的用法；介词的搭配；并列连词、从属连词的用法；形容词、副词的区别以及比较级和最高级的用法

34、；固定搭配和习惯用法。例如：本题中的5.about后加the 考查定冠词7.knowledges改为knowledge 考查名词单复数10.many改为much 考查代词二、句法改错句法的测试包括：主谓语在数上的一致性；名词性从句、定语从句和强调句；句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性和逻辑性。例如：1.how改为what 考查特殊结构。2.chose改为choose 考查句子结构3.take改为taking 考查并列结构8.删除can或can改为should 考查虚拟语气三、语篇改错语篇的测试包括：上下文的时态是否一致；上下文中的代词指代是否一致；上下文中的逻辑关系是否一致。4.but改为and

35、 考查连词6.your改为our 考查代词和逻辑关系9.thought改为think 考查时态考点：考查短文改错3.【2016全国新课标III】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。 The teen

36、age year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me . They were also the best and worse years in my life . At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself. However, my parents didnt seem to think such. They always tell me what to do and how to do it. At one time

37、 , I even felt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them. I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes. Now I am leaving home to college. At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.【答案】51. yearyears52. wors

38、eworst53. the去掉54. yourselfmyself55. suchso56. telltold57. freelyfree58. wearwearing59. tofor60. I need52. worseworst考查形容词最高级。根据前句“13-19岁是最困难的时期”可知，应该使用最高级；and表并列，根据best可知，and连接了两个最高级，故把worse改为worst。53. the去掉考查冠词。at first起初，是固定词组，不需要冠词，故把the去掉。54. yourselfmyself考查反身代词。句意：我认为我什么都知道，可以自己拿主意了。这里指作者自己做决

39、定，根据主语I可知，应该用myself，故把yourself改为mmyself。55. suchso考查so/such的用法。 my parents didnt seem to think so我的父母似乎不这样认为，so指代上一句的内容，故把such改为so。56. telltold考查时态。通篇回忆过去的事情，使用的一般过去时，故把tell改为told。57. freelyfree考查形容词副词。be后跟形容词构成系表结构，be free from.摆脱.，不受.的影响，故把freely改为free。58.wearwearing考查固定搭配。by是介词，意为“通过”，后跟名词代词或动名词，

40、故把wear改为wearing。考点：名词；形容词；代词；介词；最高级；固定搭配；时态【名师点睛】改错中动词、连词以及上下文语境也是出题者经常会考虑的出题知识点，其解题方法如下：1.动词错误的发现与解决英语中有许多的短语动词，是很难从字面上判断其意义的。其中与介词构成短语的动词是最常见的。我们在分析题目的时候，发现有动宾搭配的时候，应该考虑该动词是否是一个短语动词，并进而分析构成该短语动词的介词有无遗漏。对于短语动词的熟悉是一个长期积累的过程，需要随时总结与记忆。以下是考试中常见到的短语动词：account for； add up to； back up； break down； break

41、away from； bleak out； break up； break in； break off； bring about； bring up； bring out； bring down； build up； call off； call for； call on； carry out； check in； clear up； come off； come around； count on； cut down； cut off； do away with； dwell on； fall back on； fall out； get over； get out of； get at； g

42、ive out； give up； give off； hang on； hold back； keep back from； keep up with； lay off； lay down； live up to； look into； look forward to； look over； make up； make out； pass away； put up with； role out； run out of； set about； take over； take up； take in； take off； turn up； turn out； work out 等。还有一种常考的

43、动词的用法就是语态。在所分析的文字中包含谓语动词，那么应该分析是否是这方面的问题。其中应该重点分析主语与谓语动词的关系是主动还是被动。2连接词错误的发现与解决例： However, a second person thought that this was more a question of civilized behavior as good manners本题所考查的就是比较连接词的用法。从前文的more我们就可以看出，下文的as是不恰当的，正确的答案应是比较连接词than。一般来说，比较连接词所考查的重点集中在as与than的用法上。句意中是否还有比较意义是很容易辨别的，我们一旦觉察到

44、句子有比较的意思，就应考虑是否是as与than的用法混淆。此外定语从句的连接词也是要特别注意的。我们看 2000年6月的第74题：Instead，this other person told us a story，it he said was quite well known在这里，句子的后半段很明显是一个非限制性的定语从句，所以应将it改为which.非限制性的定语从句的连接词在近几年的考试中反复出现，应该引起我们的重视。解决此类问题的方法是，凡是发现有复合句的分析对象，首先就要考虑从句的连接词。首先看是否有连接词，其次看连接词是否正确，尤其是which与 that的不同应用。3语言环境类错

45、误的发现与解决从历年的考题来看，语言环境类的错误是最有章可循的。这类错误一般是一行中的关键词与上下文所体现出来的意思完全相反。此类题的解决也较简单，那就是将不符合文意的词改为它的反义词即可。如第54题就是属于语境错误。句意：我认为我什么都知道，可以自己拿主意了。这里指作者自己做决定，根据主语I可知，应该用myself，故把yourself改为myself。4.【2016四川】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏

46、字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。It is Mothers Day today.Though its a western festival, its popular in China now.Mom has a full-time job,so she has to do most of the houseworks.She is a great mother.Both Dad or I planned to do something on Mothers Day.We get up early in the morning.Dad cleaned the house,and then went on shopping.When he came back,I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room a