四六级中国文化热点词汇翻译.doc

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1、【TRANSLATION】专题一 中国节日及相关表达春节 the Spring Festival / Chinese lunar Near Year农历正月初一the first day of the first lunar month农历lunar calendar年终大扫除year-end household cleaning春联Spring Festival couplets年画New Year pictures剪纸paper-cuts团圆饭family reunion dinner饺子jiaozi春晚Spring Festival Gala守岁stay up late on the N

2、ew Years Eve除夕Eve of Chinese New Year辞旧迎新ring out the old year and ring in the new拜年pay a New Year visit红包red packets压岁钱lucky money放爆竹let off firecrackers庙会temple fair禁忌taboo元宵节 Lantern Festival农历正月十五15th day of the first lunar month元宵rice dumplings花灯festival lantern灯谜lantern riddle灯会exhibit of lant

3、erns烟花fireworks端午节 Dragon Boat Festival农历五月初五5th of the fifth lunar month粽子zongzi糯米sticky rice粽叶bamboo leaves舞龙dragon dance舞狮lion dance踩高跷stilt walking赛龙舟dragon-boat racing纪念in memory of屈原Quyuan诗人poet忠臣loyal minister清明节 Tomb-sweeping Day寒食节Cold Food Festival祭拜祖先offer sacrifices to ones ancestors扫墓sw

4、eep graves of ones ancestors or loved ones踏青go for a spring outing中秋节 Mid-Autumn Day / Moon Festival农历八月十五15th of the eighth lunar month月饼moon cake赏月appreciate the glorious full moon中国神话故事Chinese mythology嫦娥Change后羿Hou Yi长生不老be immortal重阳节 Double Ninth Day赏菊admire the beauty of chrysanthemum登高climb

5、a height七夕节 Double Seventh Day /Chinese Valentines Day银河the Milky Way鹊桥bridge of magpies牛郎Cowherd织女the Weaving Maid王母娘娘the Queen of Heaven乞巧praying-for-cleverness女红needlework专题二中国文化及相关表达Part 1 中国文化四大发明the four great inventions of ancient China火药gunpowder印刷术printing造纸术paper-making指南针the compass文房四宝”F

6、our Treasures of the Study笔writing brush墨ink stick纸paper砚ink slab书法calligraphy中国画traditional Chinese painting水墨画Chinese brush painting雕刻sculpture泥人clay figure武术martial arts京剧Peking opera昆曲Kunqu opera相声cross talk中药traditional Chinese medicine中国结Chinese knot唐装Tang suit四合院courtyard house红茶black tea绿茶gr

7、een tea功夫茶Gongfu tea火锅hot potPart 2 中国文学四大名著four major classical novels三国演义The Romance of Three Kingdoms红楼梦Dream of the Red Mansions水浒传Outlaw of the Marshes西游记Journey to the West四书The Four Books大学 The Great Learning中庸 The Doctrine of the Mean论语 Analects of Confucius孟子 The Mencius五经 The Five Classics

8、诗经The Book of Songs书经 The Book of History易经 The Book of Changes礼记 the Book of Rites春秋 The Spring and Autumn AnnalsPart 3 中国古代哲学家及相关表达哲学家philosopher孔子Confucius孟子Mencius老子Lao Tzu孙子Sun Tzu庄子Chuang Tzu儒学Confucian School孔庙Temple of Confucius孙子兵法 The Art of WarPart 4 中国历史及相关表达封建的feudal朝代dynasty春秋时期the Spr

9、ing and Autumn Period战国时期the Warring States Period隋唐时期the Sui and Tang dynasties明清时期Ming and Qing dynasties秦始皇the First Emperor of Qin君主monarch皇帝emperor皇太后Empress Dowager丞相prime minister大臣minister忠臣loyal minister中华文明Chinese civilization丝绸之路the Silk Road西域western countries历史遗迹historical site文化遗产cultu

10、ral heritage文物cultural relics科举制imperial examination for recruiting civil servants专题三社会篇相关表达改革开放reform and opening up小康社会a well-to-do society奔小康 strive for a relatively comfortable life人民生活peoples livelihood生活水平living standards生活质量quality of life改善民生improve peoples wellbeing住房条件housing conditions生活条

11、件living conditions共同富裕shared prosperity社会稳定social stability衣食住行food, clothing, sheltering and means of traveling厉行节约practice economy缩小收入差距narrow the income gap人均收入average income per capita文化程度educational level城镇居民urban citizen失业保障unemployment security人口问题the issue of population全面发展all-round developm

12、ent发达国家developed country发展中国家developing country人口老龄化population aging养老 provision for the aged养老保险 old-age insurance社会保险 social insurance计划生育 family planning独生子女政策 one-child policy城市人口 urban population农业人口 agriculture population普查census社会事业 social programs人才市场 talent market人才交流 talent exchange人才外流 br

13、ain drain应届高校毕业生 new college graduate农民工 rural migrant worker公务员 civil servant市民citizen名人celebrity残疾人the disabled就业率 employment rate失业率 unemployment rate出生率 birth rate死亡率mortality rate寿命life span贫困地区poverty-stricken region欠发达地区underdeveloped area摆脱贫困 shake off poverty生活困难 be badly-off用电量electricity

14、consumption森林覆盖率forest coverage产业结构 industrial structure创历史新高an all-time high战略性新兴产业 strategic emerging industries基础设施infrastructure南水北调South-to-North Water Diversion Project自然灾害 natural disasters本土化localization体力劳动manual labor可持续发展 sustainable development沙尘暴 sandstorm专题四 中国经济相关表达国民生产总值 Gross Nation

15、al Product (GNP)国内生产总值 Gross Domestic Product (GDP)国有企业 state-owned enterprises (SOEs)社会主义市场经济 socialist market economy市场经济秩序 the order of the market economy扩大内需 expand domestic demand宏观调控 macro control按劳分配distribution according to ones performance城乡居民收入 income of urban and rural residents劳动力 labor综

16、合国力 overall national strength公有制 public ownership私有制 private ownership私营企业 private business中小企业 small and medium enterprises (SMEs)跨国公司 multinational corporation网络经济 Internet-based economy经济规律 law of economy大规模生产 mass production生产力 productive forces年均增长率 average growth rate per annum可持续增长 sustainabl

17、e growth经济效益 economic returns经济增长 economic growth经济波动 economic fluctuation衰退 recession提高经济效益 enhance economic performance扭亏为盈 turn a loss-making business into a profitable one优化经济结构 optimize economic structure经济结构战略性调整strategic adjustment of the economic structure优化消费结构 optimize the consumption stru

18、cture产业结构升级 upgrading of an industrial structure产业格局 industrial pattern高新技术产业high and new technology industries经济特区 special economic zones繁荣与稳定prosperity and stability经济交流 economic exchange利用外资 utilization of foreign capital投资 investment知识产权 intellectual property rights版权 copyright商标 trademark专利 pat

19、ent电子商务 e-business循环经济 recycling economy个人所得税 personal income tax税收政策 tax policy试点工程 pilot project经济带 economic belts经济全球化 economic globalization财政和货币政策 fiscal and monetary policies专题五 中国科技相关表达科技是第一生产力 science and technology constitute a primary productive force科技体制改革 reform of the science and techno

20、logy management system技术密集产品 technology-intensive product科技含量technology content尖端科技 state-of-the-art technology研究开发 research and development治理污染 curb the environmental pollution水循环利用工厂water recycling plant核电站 nuclear power plant非化石能源发电量 electricity generated from non-fossil energy新粒子 new particleH7N

21、9病毒 H7N9 virus应用科学 applied science3D打印 3D printing人造器官 artificial organ顶层设计 the top layer design节能减排 energy conservation and emission reduction工业升级 industrial upgrading结构性障碍 structural obstacle资源利用率 resource utilization rate高速铁路 high-speed rail科学发展观 Scientific Outlook on Development科技发展 scientific a

22、nd technological advancement生态农业 environmental-friendly agriculture创新innovation高科技园区 high-tech park国家重点实验室national key laboratory研究成果 research result新兴学科 new branch of science人工智能artificial intelligence信息高速公路 information superhighway网民 netizen网上购物online shopping网上交易平台 online trading platform“宽带中国”战略

23、 Chinas broadband strategy产能production capacity神舟十号the Shenzhou-10 spacecraft嫦娥三号 The Change-3 lunar lander专题六 中国教育相关表达素质教育 education for all-round development应试教育 exam-oriented education填鸭式教学 cramming method of learning义务教育 compulsory education高等教育 higher education普通高校 regular institution of higher

24、 learning就业服务和职业培训 employment services and vocational skills training综合性大学 comprehensive university重点大学 key university减轻学生负担 reduce burden for students应届高校毕业生new college graduates招生办公室 admission office入学考试 entrance examination高考 college entrance examination研究生入学考试postgraduate entrance examination入学资

25、格 admission qualification升学率 proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade奖学金 scholarship学费 tuition专业课 course within ones major必修课 required course选修课 optional course学分制 credit system毕业论文 graduation thesis毕业证书 graduation certificate学生会 students union学历 record of formal schooling中小学生 primary and secondary school student本科生 undergraduate研究生postgraduate同学 classmate教授 professor副教授 associate professor讲师 lecturer助教 teaching assistant教育界 education circle教育投入 input in education学前教育 preschool education智力引进 introduce talents课外活动 extracurricular activity