【英语】高中英语“倒装句”讲解.doc

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1、【英语】高中英语“倒装句”讲解倒装句分为全部倒装和部分倒装。I、倒装句之全部倒装 全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有： 1）表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语放在句首，如：here, there, now, then, up, down, in, away, off, in the room, on the wall等例如：Then came the chairman. 那时总裁来了。 Here is your letter. 你的信。 South of the river lies a small factory. Out rus

2、hed the children. Ahead sat an old woman.2）such置于句首时，此时such多被认为是表语。例如：Such are the facts; no one can deny them. 注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。、倒装句之部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。 一、 only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。例如：Only in this way can you lear

3、n English well. 只有这样，你才能学好英语。 Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 叫了三次，他才来参加会议。 如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。例如：Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 病得狠重时，他才卧床休息。二、 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until 等。例如：Nev

4、er have I seen such a performance. 从未见过如此糟糕的表演。 Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。 Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母亲一直到孩子入睡后离开房间。 （当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。） 注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。例如：I have never seen such a performance. The mother did

5、nt leave the room until the child fell asleep.典型例题 1）-Why cant I smoke here? -At no time_ in the meeting-roomA. is smoking permittedB.smoking is permitted C. smoking is it permitted D.does smoking permit答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。 这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, n

6、ot until等。 本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.2） Not until the early years of the 19th century _ what heat is. A. man did know B. man know C. didnt man know D. did man know答案D. 看到Not until的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D 中选一个。 改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early year

7、s of the 19th. 现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。 三、 以否定词开头作部分倒装 如 Not onlybut also, Hardly/Scarcelywhen, No sooner than等，要倒装。例如：Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. 他没有收下礼物，还狠狠批评了送礼的人。 Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 她刚出门，就有个学生来访。 No sooner ha

8、d she gone out than a student came to visit her. 她刚出门，就有个学生来访。典型例题 No sooner_ than it began to rain heavily.A. the game began B.has the game begun C. did the game begin D.had the game begun答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句（谓语前置）。 这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not onlybut

9、 （also）, no soonerthan, hardly when ，scarcely when等等。 注意：只有当Not only but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构，如Not only you but also I am fond of music。四、 so, neither, nor位于句首时作部分倒装 用这些词表示也、也不 的句子要部分倒装。例如：Tom can speak French. So can Jack. 汤姆会讲法语，杰克也会。 If you wont go, n

10、either will I.你不去，我也不去。典型例题 -Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? -I dont know, _. A. nor dont I careB. nor do I careC. I dont care neitherD. I dont care also答案：B. nor为增补意思也不关心，因此句子应倒装。A错在用 dont 再次否定，C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。D缺乏连词。 注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为的确如此。例如：Tom asked me to go t

11、o play football and so I did. 汤姆邀我去踢球，我去了。 -Its raining hard.雨下得真大。 -So it is. 是呀。 五、 as, though 引导的倒装句 as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前（形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。但需注意： 1） 句首名词不能带任何冠词。 2） 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。例如：Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.

12、 他工作很努力，但总不能让人满意。注意：让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。六、其他部分倒装1） so that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。例如： So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他害怕得很，动也不敢动。2） 在某些表示祝愿的句型中。例如：May you all be happy. 愿你们都快乐。3） 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should

13、 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。例如：Were I you, I would try it again. 我是你的话，就再试一次。典型例题： 1）Not until the early years of the 19th century_ what heat isA. man did know B. man knew C. didnt man know D. did man know 答案为D. 否定词Not在句首，要求用部分倒装的句子结构。 2）Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted.A. didnt I realizeB.

14、 did I realizeC. I didnt realizeD. I realize 答案为B。 3）-Do you know Tom bought a new car? -I dont know, _. A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care neitherD. I dont care also 答案为B. 句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示也不。由 so, neither, nor引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中, so用于肯定句, 而neither, nor 用在否定句中。【英语】高中英语“习惯用法”汇总1.It

15、sthe first time that.(从句中用现在完成时)It wasfor the first time that(强调句，对状语for the first time进行强调)Its(high) time that.(从句中用过去时或should do)2.Itsthe same with sb. / So it is with sb.表示某人也如此（用于前句中既有肯定又有否定或两个不同类的谓语动词）3. beabout to do / be doingwhen.正要做/正在做就在那时.4.A istwice / three times as +原级+as B A是B的两倍/三倍A i

16、stwice / three times the n. of B. A的是B的两倍/三倍A istwice / three times +比较级+than B A比B多两倍/三倍5.Its awaste of time / money doing / to do做浪费时间/金钱Its nouse / good doing 做是没有用的Itspossible / probable / (un) likely that. 很可能It makesgreat / no sense to do做某事很有/没意义6. Theresno use / good doing. 做没有用Theres no sen

17、se / point (in) doing 做没有意义There is no need for sth. / to do. 没有过必要做There is (no) possibility that（同位语从句）很可能/没可能7.The+比较级.,the+比较级越., 越.注意：前半句为从句，用一般现在时代替将来时；8.Itseems / appears ( to sb. ) that sb.在某人看来某人= Sb.seems / appears to be / to do / to be doing / to have done.It seems / looks as if.好象/似乎.9.I

18、t (so)happened that sb. .某人碰巧.= Sb. happened to be / to do / to be doing /to have done.10.It issaid / thought / believed / hoped / supposed .that sb=Sb. issaid to be / to do / to be doing / to have done.(注意：这种句型里如带动词hope则不能变成简单句，因为无hopesb. to do结构)12.such.that.如此.以致于（引导结果状语从句）.such.as像.的这种(as为关系代词，引

19、导定语从句，在从句里充当主、宾、表)13. Doyou mind if I do sth.? / Would you mind if I did sth.? 你介意我做吗？14. Thechance is that./ (The )Chances are that.很可能.15.Check/ Make sure / See to it / See that.(从句中常用一般现在时) 确信/务必.16.depend on it that.取决于 see to it that.负责/设法做到.注意：除了except / but / in等介词可以直接接that从句，其它介词后必须用it做形式宾语；

20、17.It is/ was +介词短语/ 从句/ 名词/代词等+thatHow /When / Where / Why is / was it that.?注意：此句型为强调句，当被强调的为表示人的词时，还可用who连接；强调主语时，从句后的谓语动词应与前面的主语保持一致；注意与定语从句的区别）18.How isit that.（这几个句型都表示“怎么会.?” “怎么发生的？”） How come+从句？ How does / did sth. come about? ( How did itcome about that.?)如:How come you are late again?19.

21、 Thereseems / appears / happens to be / must be / cant be / is (are, was, were) saidto be / is (are, was, were) thought to be.表示 “.似乎有/碰巧有/一定有/不可能有/ 据说有/认为有.”介词（如of ）there beingwant /wish / expect there to be要/希望/期待有.adj. /adv. enough for there to be.足够.会有.注意：there being / there to be为therebe的非谓语形式；

22、It is said / thought that there is / are=Thereis / was / are / were said (thought) to be. 如：Eg: Ihave never dream of there being such a good chance for me.It wont be cold enough for there to be afrost tonight.20. 疑问词+插入语+陈述语序？Eg: Whodo you think hell have attend the meeting?21. Butfor + n. / pron.,

23、sb. / sth. would (not) have done.要不是.,某人早就(表示虚拟语气)=If it had not been for.,./If there had not been ., .22. Itwon(t) be long before +从句（从句中用一般现在时）不久/很久就要. It was (not) long before+从句（从句中用一般过去时）不久/很久才.23. Thosewho.(从句及主句中谓语动词用复数形式). Anyone who= Whoever.(从句及主句中谓语动词用单数形式)24.主句（一般现在时或过去时）.when从句.(might/

24、should do 或might / should have done) 表示”对比”,意思为 “本该(可)而却”,主句中为陈述语气,从句里为虚拟语气,如:Eg: Whyare you here when you should be in school?你本该上学的怎么在这儿?Hestopped trying when he might have succeeded .本该已成功了他却停止努力了.25. Thereis ./ Sb. have no doubt that(同位语从句,that不可省略) 毫无疑问 There is / Sb. have some doubt whether.(同

25、位语从句不可用if)不确定是否Sb. doubtif / whether. 某人怀疑是否 Sb. dont doubt that 某人不怀疑26.immediately / directly / instantly / the moment +从句 on / upon + n. / doing No sooner had sb. done than .(过去时) Hardly had sb. done when.(过去时)注意：这几个结构都表示“一.就”；27. everytime / each time / the last time / the first time / next time

26、 +从句（名词性短语引导一个时间状语句） anywhere / everywhere +从句（相当于wherever引导的地点状语从句）Eg: Youcan go anywhere you like.Next timeyou come, please bring your son along.28.Ifonly / I wish +从句(用过去类时态) 表示虚拟语气, “要是.就好了” “但愿就好了!”29.Considering+ n. 或 pron. 或 that从句 / Seeing that.考虑到/鉴于.Given + n. / pron作状语,表示 “在有的情况下” “如果有” “

27、假定”,有时也表示”考虑到”Eg:Seeing (that) he refused to help us, there is no reason why we should help himnow. Given good health, I hope to finish the work this year. Given their inexperience / that they are inexperienced, theyvedone a good job.30.Therewas a time when.曾经有那么一度.31.otherthan与no, not, none等否定词连用,表

28、示肯定意思,如:Eg: Itwas none other than Mr. Smith.这正是Smith先生.32. Notuntil.did / do/ does / will sb. do It was / is not until that sb33.Its(un) like sb. to do / to have done做某事很像某人/ 做某事可不像某人34.Itremains to be seen Wh-words .是否.还有待于看.(不用that, if作连接词)35.Itonly remains for sb. to do剩下的只是要某人做某事.Eg: Wevegot eve

29、rything ready. It only remains for you to come to dinner.36.Onemoment., and now刚才一会儿还在做而现在却.37.Notall / both / everyone表示部分否定38. Suchis / are.这(些)就是.(谓语动词单复数由后面名词决定)39.Idrather (not) do / have done我宁愿.Idrather +从句（从句中用过去时或过去完成时）40. Itsimportant / necessary / strange / surprising.+that(用陈述语气或shoulddo

30、)41. Ilike / hate / appreciate it that / when等从句 (it表示后面从句的这种情况)Eg: Iappreciate it if you will give me a hand.42. Bythe time +从句（一般现在时/过去时），主句（将来完成时/过去完成时）43.,as is often the case with sb. / as is usual with sb.(as引导非限制性定语从句)44 in case / lest / for fear that.(从句中用陈述语气或shoulddo)45.While置于句首可表示Aslong

31、as 或 AlthoughEg: Whilethere is life there is hope. While I admit his good points, I can see his bad ones.46. cannot ( never) too +adj. (adv. ) / adj. (adv.) + enough “越越好”“非常” too + adj. ( anxious / eager / willing / ready / glad等)+todo.表示肯定意思Eg: I cantthank you enough.我非常感激你.He wastoo glad to see h

32、is father.=He was very glad to see his father.47. not /neve等表示否定的词与比较级连用表示最高级，如：Eg:-Doyou agree with his suggestion? -I cant agree more.48. Whatif.要是.怎么办？Eg:Whatif he doesnt come tomorrow?49. more.than与其.不如.Eg:He ismore nervous than frightened. 50. It is/ has been +一段时间+since从句(从句中如为延续性动词,则实际表示的意思相反)Eg:It istwo years since he drank.他不喝酒已两年了.