My English Study of Translation.doc

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1、My English Study of Translation ContentsIntroduction .31. The start of English studying in middle school32. The beginning of translation studying in college.32.1 The definition of translation.42.2 The criteria of translation.42.2.1 Faithfulness and fluency.42.2.2 Chinese principle of faithfulness, e

2、xpressiveness and elegance.42.3 Requirements for translators.43. The learning of translation theory.53.1 Literal translation and free translation.53.2 Foreignizing method and domestication method.53.3 Basic techniques of translation.63.4 Compare the way of thinking between Chinese and English.74. Co

3、nclusions.7Notes .8References.9My English Studying of Translation【Abstract】 Translation is one of the most important knowledge point in English studying. This article refers to my translation studying in English from the plain words translation to complicated texts translation. And there I would lik

4、e to talk about the translating theories such as literal translation and free translation, foreignizing method and domesticating method, and other translating skills.【Key Words】 translation; translating theory; translating skillsMy English Studying of TranslationInduction Nowadays, with the rapid de

5、velopment of science technology and the increasing interconnectedness of the international economic and cultural systems, the world is getting smaller and smaller and becoming a global village. Communication among the people in the global village is growing more and more frequent. Translation, as a

6、means of transferring languages as well as cultures, is playing an increasingly important role in the globalization, which also gives a great impetus to the development of civilization. 1. The start of English studying in middle school. The first time I touched English is in my junior school. My fir

7、st English class is to learn the 26 English letters. At that time, I was very curious about English so I learned hardly. Year after year, I learned more and more English knowledge which concludes vocabulary, phrase, sentence pattern, and grammar. At that time, translation for me is simple that I jus

8、t should remember fixed sentences and common grammars and what I need translate is sentence the most time. There is no information about translation theories in my English text books. I just know what I should do in my English examination.2. The beginning of translation studying in collegeAfter I en

9、tered university, I have learned much knowledge about translation. Therefore, I would like to talk about the concept of translation.2.1 The definition of translationThe history of all times and all countries tells us, translation is an important and essential method for people communicating thoughts

10、 and feelings, disseminating cultural knowledge and promoting social civilization. It is no exaggeration to say, the human civilization history cannot develop without translation. Western Europe can have todays civilization, in a western scholars words, thanks to the translator. Similarly, so it is

11、in China. Translation refers to accurately, a language that information into another language information behavior. Translation is a process to translate a new way of expression into a relatively familiar way of expression, which is conclude the contents of a language, text, graphics, and symbol. Am

12、ong them, turn over refers to the language conversion; translation refers to the unilateral statement language conversion. Therefore, Turn over refers to the instant conversation between two kinds of language, which first put a language into a second language, and then a second language into a langu

13、age. This is an alternate and alternative language or information conversion. Translation refers to the single statement, namely speaker only say and not ask, the listener only listen and not answer, intermediate for bilingual people, just as the speaker for language conversion.While, at the most ti

14、me, translation is not a simply substitution of one discourse by another, but a reconstruction of the culture and ideology in a different language.2.2 The criteria of translation2.2.1 Faithfulness and fluencyFaithfulness and fluency are the basic criteria of translation. If it can convey the spirit

15、of the original article on the basis of faithfulness and fluency, that would be the highest standard of translation.The so-called faithfulness first refers to faithful to the ideological contents of original article. In addition, faithfulness also refers to maintain the original style. The style her

16、e, including the national style, the era style, language style, and the author personal language style. Fluency, refers to the language translation must be smooth and easy to understand. As Fu Lei (1908-1966) said:“the ideal translation is likely the authors writing in Chinese.”In translation, faith

17、fulness and fluency is a contradictory unity of the two aspects, the two complement each other and not divided. If the article is faithful but not fluency, reader would not understand it. if the article is fluency but not faithful, reader would get wrong information. So, translator should take care

18、of the both.2.2.2 Chinese principle of faithfulness, expressiveness and eleganceIn the translational history in China, there is also a principle of translation that is faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance. Many people have the different meanings about elegance. Some say it means that translatio

19、nal article should have cultural value or artistic value; some say it should have the beauty; some say it should have the literary grace of the original article. Hence, this principle gained most peoples support, and affects our countrys development of translation. 2.3 Requirements for translation I

20、t is not easy to be faithfulness and fluency in translation. If the translator has not the ability to translate, he cannot master his job. So, translation has many requirements for translator. Therefore, I would like to talk about five requirements. First of all, translators should lay a solid found

21、ation in English especially in reading comprehension and appreciation. Secondly, translators should lay a solid foundation in Chinese especially in expressing ability. Thirdly, translators should have a broad range of knowledge. Fourth, translators should master the reasonable translation strategy.

22、Fifth, translators should form the habit of seriousness, responsibility, modesty and caution.3. The learning of translation theoryWith the development of translation, there are many translational theories and skills appear. There, I want to introduce some of them.3.1 Literal translation and free tra

23、nslation Whats the meaning of literal translation and free translation? There are different opinions about them. Mao Dun （1896-1981） said:“the literal translation is not to translate words, but to express the authors thoughts.” But Ba Jin （1904-2005） said:“there is only one way, a good translation i

24、s not only literal translation, but also free translation.” There, I would give the common definitions of them. Literal translation and free translation are two basic skills of translation. Literal translation refers to translating a sentence originally, keeping the original message form, including

25、construction of sentences, meaning of the original words, metaphor of the original and so on. Translation would be fluent and easy to comprehend by target language readers. Free translation refers to, according to the meaning of the original, paying little attention to the details. Free translation

26、need not pay attention to the form of the original, including constructions of the original sentences, meaning of the original works and so on. But free translation dose not mean deleting or adding content to the original and translators must consider the original carefully, translate it naturally,

27、and express the meaning of the original properly. Free translation is a skill which translators must know the culture of both source language and target language, and must have extensive knowledge. 3.2 Foreignizing method and domesticating method People have paid more and more attention on the cultu

28、ral factors. However, the gap or distance between the source culture and the target culture has always been a hard nut for translators to crack. Generally speaking, there are two main translation strategies applied by the translators to tackle the problem. One is domestication and the other is forei

29、gnization. Some scholars prefer foreignization while others would like to turn to domestication. In China, Qian Zhongshu (1910-1998) once said, “the highest translation criterion of literature is Sublimation.the translation should be natural and keep the foreign flavor.” Domestication is to translat

30、e the words of the source language into words of the target language which are not only used with the same frequency as the original words in their own language , but also added cultural colors of target language. The advantage of adaption is to make the translation read native and expressive. Forei

31、gnization translation method is deliberately to break through the target language make routine, retain the original of the exotic. Generally speaking, foreignizing method asks the translation close to author, while domesticating method asks the translation close to reader. In my syllabus, there is a

32、 class called the Chinese Culture that introduces some famous articles and poetries with different translations. It contains many famous translators who use the two methods. During them, I prefer to read the translations from Xu Yuanchong. He not only choose the domesticating method, but also make h

33、is poetry full of rhythm beauty. For example, the poetry of A Slow Slow Tune：I look for what I missI know not what it isI feel so sad, so drearSo lonely, without cheerHow hard is itTo keep me fitIn this lingering coldHardly warmed upBy cup on cupOf wine so dryOh, how can I endure at dusk this drift3

34、.3 Basic techniques of translation After talking about the strategies of translation, there, I would like to put off some translational skills.First of all, amplification means that according to the different way of thinking in English and Chinese languages, language habits and way of expression, ad

35、d some words, phrases or sentences into the translation, in order to more accurately express the meaning contained in the original. This way is mostly used in Chinese miles.Secondly, omission means that opposed to a amplification, is a kind of translation methods, namely to delete words that is not

36、do conform to the target language thinking habit, language habits and expression, in order to avoid the white elephants.Thirdly, conversion method means that in order to make the translation conform to the target language expression, methods and habits, it is should to make the conversion between or

37、iginal words, sentence structure and morphology in the process of translation. Fourth, Syntactic and consolidation method are two corresponding translation methods. Syntactic is to cut the long and complicated sentences into several shorter, simpler sentences, often used in English-Chinese translati

38、on. Consolidation method is to combine several short sentences into a long sentence, commonly used in translation from Chinese into English. 3.4 Compare the way of thinking between Chinese and English Finally, I want to show you some differences of the thinking between Chinese and English. There is

39、more difficult in translation because of the differences between two cultures, and it generates many problems for translators. There are the examples：Chinese people pay attention to ethics, British and American people pay attention to the cognitive. Chinese people pay attention to the overall, lay p

40、articular stress on comprehensive thinking. British and American people pay attention to the individual, lay particular stress on analytic thinking The Chinese heavy intuition, British and American people heavy empirical Chinese image thinking, British and American people logical thinking. 4. Conclu

41、sion In the above paragraphs, I have talk about some information of translation. From the information, we can see that translation, a bridge between languages and cultures, plays an indispensable role in cross-culture communication, and is very complicated that is difficult to master. So, as a trans

42、lator, we should learn more and practice more.Notes 翻译的定义，“信息转换与传播行为”，出自百度百科EB/OL. 2014-04-13/2014-06-14. 戴炜栋.新编英汉翻译教程M.上海：外语教育出版社，2011：7 戴炜栋.新编英汉翻译教程M.上海：外语教育出版社，2011：10 茅盾.为发展文学翻译事业和提高翻译质量而奋斗A.编辑部.翻译研究论文集：1949-1983C.北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1984b：17 巴金.一点感想N.翻译通报，1951，（2）：5 “化境是指语言转化成一种意境，让读者看到文字以外的境象，给读者一个想

43、像的空间”EB/OL. 钱钟书.林纾的翻译A.七辍集C.上海：上海古籍出版社，1985：15 许渊冲.唐诗宋词一百五十首M.北京：北京人学出版社，1955：44 翻译基本技巧EB/OL. 2012-10-15/2014-06-14 戴炜栋.新编汉英翻译教程M.上海：外语教育出版社，2010：18-23References1 巴金.一点感想N.翻译通报，1951（2）2 戴炜栋.新编英汉翻译教程M.上海：外语教育出版社，20113 戴炜栋.新编汉英翻译教程M.上海：外语教育出版社，20104 翻译的定义EB/OL. 2014-04-13/2014-06-14.5 翻译基本技巧EB/OL. 2012-10-15/2014-06-146 化境EB/OL. 7 茅盾.为发展文学翻译事业和提高翻译质量而奋斗A.编辑部.翻译研究论文集：1949-1983C.北京：外语教学与研究出版社，19848 钱钟书.林纾的翻译A.七辍集C.上海：上海古籍出版社，19859 许渊冲.唐诗宋词一百五十首M.北京：北京人学出版社，19559