中考英语总复习-形容词和副词PPT课件.ppt

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1、目录页CONTENTS PAGE第一部分考点梳理 第二部分词语辨析 目录目录页CONTENTS PAGE第一部分考点梳理考点一形容词和副词的用法和位置基本概念用法位置例子形容词(说明人或事物的特征,性质或状态,常用来修饰名词或不定代词)作定语放在名词前,不定代词后。She is a good student.Anything important?作表语放在系动词之后。He looks happy.作宾语补足语放在宾语后,常与make, leave, keep 等动词连用。He makes them angry.考点一形容词和副词的用法和位置基本概念用法位置例子副词用来说明时间、地点、程度、方式

2、等,分为五类。作状语,用来修饰副词。主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,位置灵活副词常放在行为动词或形容词后面,但表示程度或频率的副词一般放在be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,行为动词之前。The boy speaks English well.Tom is often late for school.注意:形容词在句中的位置 1形容词可放在部分动词之后,作宾语补足语。常见的可跟宾语补足语的动词有: keep, make, find, feel, think等。如: You should keep your classroom clean and tidy.你们应该保持教室干净整洁。 Su

3、nny days make me happy. 晴朗的日子让我愉快。 I think it fun to learn English. 我觉得学英语有趣。 2表示长、宽、高、深及年龄等的形容词放在其相应的名词之后。如: The bridge is 200 meters long. 这座桥200米长。考点一形容词和副词的用法和位置3形容词修饰不定代词时,要放在后面。如: Lets do something different. 让我们做些不同的事情。 There is nothing serious about it. 没什么严重的。副词在句中的特殊位置1副词very可以修饰形容词,但不能直接放

4、在动词前面来修饰动词。如: ()Mr.Smith very works hard. ()Mr.Smith works very hard.考点一形容词和副词的用法和位置 2作副词时,enough要放在所修饰的形容词、副词的后面;作形容词时,enough一般放在名词前。如: I ran fast enough so that I could take a No.2 bus. 我跑得足够快以便能乘坐2路公交车。 There isnt enough meat for us to eat. 没有足够的肉够我们吃。考点一形容词和副词的用法和位置() Have you ever seen the movi

5、e called Los Angeles 2011? Yes, but I think its _.I fell asleep when I saw it. Aexciting Bboring Cbored Dexcited考点链接B 解析:B由最后一句“我看的时候睡着了”可知,电影应该是无聊的,排除A、D项;因为修饰的是电影,故选B。考点二形容词变副词的规律形容词变副词的规律 规则例词直接加ly构成slowslowlyquietquietlyusualusually以辅音字母加le结尾的词,去e加yterribleterriblysimplesimply以辅音字母加y结尾的词,改y为i,再加

6、lyheavyheavilybusybusilyeasyeasilyhappyhappily其他变化truetrulyfullfully注意:1.有些以ly结尾的词并不是副词,实际上只能作形容词。如: friendly (友好的), lovely (可爱的), lonely (孤独的), likely (很可能的), lively (活泼的), ugly (丑陋的),等等。 2有些形容词与副词同形。如: early adj.早的 adv.早 daily adj.每日的,日常的 adv.每天 fast adj.快的,迅速的,紧密的 adv.快地,迅速地,紧密地 hard adj.硬的,困难的,艰

7、难的 adv.努力地,使劲地,猛烈地 考点二形容词变副词的规律注意:有些词虽然既可作形容词也可作副词,但加了ly之后意义相差很大。如: hard adj.硬的,困难的,艰难的 adv.努力地,使劲地,猛烈地 hardly adv.几乎不 late adj.迟的,晚的 adv.迟地,晚地 lately adv. 近来如:I hardly(几乎不)go to the movie. 我几乎不看电影。 Study hard(努力地), or you will fall behind others. 努力学习,否则你就会落在别人后面。 This is a hard question. 这是一个难题考点二

8、形容词变副词的规律() 1. Did you go to the cinema to see 3D Titanic last night? No, I _go to the cinema. The tickets are too expensive. Ahardly Bnearly Cstill Donly考点链接A 解析:A 题意:“昨晚你去电影院看了3D的泰坦尼克号吗?”“没有,我几乎不去看电影,因为电影票太贵了。”hard几乎不,故选A。() 2. Take care when you are driving, _in a summer storm like this. Aimmedia

9、tely Bespecially Cprobably Drecently考点链接B 解析:B考查副词词义辨析,根据题意,当你正在开车时一定要小心,尤其是像现在夏季风暴的时候。考点三形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成1规则变化:构成规则例词一般情况,在单音节或少数双音节词的词尾直接加er, est。talltallertallestgreatgreatergreatestsoonsoonersoonestfastfasterfastest以不发音e结尾的单音节词,只加r, st。largelargerlargestnicenicernicestlatelaterlatest以重读闭音节结尾,并且

10、末尾只有一个辅音字母的单词,先双写最后这个辅音字母,再加er,est。bigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottestfatfatterfattestwetwetterwettestthinthinnerthinnest考点三形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成1规则变化:构成规则例词以“辅音字母y”结尾的单词,把y改为i, 再加er, est。happyhappierhappiestheavyheavierheaviestearlyearlierearliest大部分双音节词和多音节词,在原级前面加more, most来构成比较级和最高级。friendlymore friend

11、lymost friendlyrelaxedmore relaxedmost relaxedimportantmore importantmost importantcarefullymore carefullymost carefully以形容词加ly构成的副词,在原形前加more, most构成比较级和最高级。quicklymore quicklymost quicklyeasilymore easilymost easilyclearlymore clearlymost clearly考点三形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成1不规则变化:原级比较级最高级原级比较级最高级goodbette

12、rbestmanymoremostwellbetterbestmuchmoremostbadworseworstlittlelessleastillworseworstfarfartherfarthest(距离)badlyworseworstfarfurtherfurthest(程度)old(年龄大小)olderoldestold(长幼顺序)eldereldest()1. Bob knows how to cut the cost of the project. Im sure he can do the work with _ money and _ people. A less; less

13、 Bfewer; more C. more; fewer Dless; fewer考点链接D 解析:D考查比较级。less 修饰不可数名词, fewer修饰可数名词, 由句意可知, 用更少的钱和更少的人, 排除B,C。people 是可数名词,money是不可数名词, 所以选D。() 2. How are you feeling today? Much _.I can go to school next week. Agood BBetter Cbest Dwell考点链接B 解析:B“你今天觉得怎么样?”“好多了。我下周就能去学校了。”much可用来修饰形容词/副词的比较级,表示程度,故选B

14、。考点四形容词和副词原级的用法用法结构例子表示A与B在某一方面程度相同或不同时用形容词和副词原级。(1)肯定句中的结构:Aas形容词副词原级asB。English is as interesting as Chinese. 英语和汉语一样有趣。I get up as early as my grandma. 我和奶奶起得一样早。(2)否定句中的结构:Anot as/so形容词副词原级asB。Im not so careful as Lucy. 我不像露西一样细心。He doesnt write as quickly as I (do). 他不像我写得那样快。考点四形容词和副词原级的用法用法结构

15、例子表示A与B在某一方面程度相同或不同时用形容词和副词原级。(3)表示“A是B的倍”时,用“A倍数asB”结构。(1倍 once,2倍twice,3倍以上:数字times)Our school is three times as big as theirs. 我们的学校是他们的三倍大。(4)“half as形容词副词原级as”表示“是的一半”。Her room is half as big as yours.她的房间是你的房间的一半大。考点五形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法用法主要结构形容词例子副词例子比较级(用于两者之间的比较)“A动词(倍数)比较级thanB”表示“A比B”或“A比B几倍

16、”。This bag is three times bigger than that one. 这个袋子比那个大三倍。I got up earlier than my mother today.我今天起床比我妈妈早。“特殊疑问词动词比较级,A or B?”表示“A和B,哪个更?”Which is more interesting, cycling or running?骑自行车和跑步哪个更有趣?Who draws better, Jenny or Danny?谁画得比较好,詹妮还是丹尼?考点五形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法用法主要结构形容词例子副词例子比较级(用于两者之间的比较)“比较级t

17、hanany other单数名词(介词短语)”表示“比同一范围的任何一个人/物都”,可表示最高级的含义。The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.长江比中国其他任何一条河流都长。The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.The pen writes more easily than any other pen.这支钢笔比其他的都好写。The pen writes the most easily.这支钢笔最好写。“the比较级,the比较级”表示“越,越”The mor

18、e careful you are, the fewer mistakes youll make.你越认真,犯的错误就越少。The more you learn, the more youll know.学得越多,你知道得就越多。考点五形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法用法主要结构形容词例子副词例子比较级(用于两者之间的比较)“the比较级,the比较级”表示“越,越”The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes youll make.你越认真,犯的错误就越少。The more you learn, the more youll know.学得越多,

19、你知道得就越多。考点五形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法用法主要结构形容词例子副词例子最高级(用于三者或三者以上的比较)“the最高级in/of短语”表示“是中最的”。Tom is the tallest in his class.汤姆是他们班上最高的。I jump farthest in my class.我是我们班跳得最远的。“特殊疑问词动词the最高级, A, B, or C?”用于三者以上的比较。Which country is the largest, China, America or Canada?中国、美国、加拿大,哪个国家最大?Which season do you like

20、 best, spring, summer or autumn?春天、夏天和秋天,你最喜欢哪个季节?考点五形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法用法主要结构形容词例子副词例子最高级(用于三者或三者以上的比较)“be one of the形容词最高级复数可数名词(in/of短语)”表示“是中最之一”。English is one of the most important subjects in our school. 在我们学校,英语是最重要的科目之一。Lin Tao did best in English of all. 有所有人中,林涛的英语最好。注意:(1)有些程度副词,如: quite,

21、rather, very, so, too, enough, fairly等,与形容词连用时具有“比较”含义,这时句中的形容词不能再使用比较级,只能使用原级。 (2)much, a little, still, even, a bit, a lot, far可修饰形容词的比较级。如: I am a little/much/a bit/a lot taller than you. 我比你高一点/很多。 (3)若形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰,此时不用定冠词the。如: Yesterday was her busiest day. 昨天是她最忙的一天。考点五形容词和副词的比较

22、级和最高级的用法 () 1. What do you think of the film So Young directed by ZhaoWei? Wonderful. I think its_than the other films about youth in recent years. Athe best Bthe worst Cmuch better Dmuch worse考点链接B 解析:C 本题考查学生对形容词比较级的理解。than是比较级的标志,根据中文的意思,这个电影太好了,它比其他电影好多了。故选C。 () 2 .Eighteen kids died in the scho

23、ol bus accident in Gansu Province. Its _ one that I have ever heard of. Aa very serious Ba more serious Cthe most serious Dthe least serious考点链接C 解析:C 题意:在甘肃省18个孩子死于校车意外事故中,这是我所听说过的最严重的一次。这是考查形容词的最高级,故选C。()3. Steve is good at writing short stories. So he is.But he writes _ than us.So he cant get goo

24、d grades in writing. Amost carefully Bmore carefully Cless carefully Dleast carefully考点链接C 解析:C由than可知应该用比较级,故排除A、D。由最后一句“所以他不能在写作中拿高分”可知应选less carefully,故选C。 ()4. Ive heard that Zhuhai Chimelong Ocean Kingdom is one of _ ocean parks in Asia. Avery large Bthe larger Cmuch larger Dthe largest考点链接D 解析

25、:D本题考查形容词的最高级的用法,根据句意最大的海洋公园之一,应该选最高级的选项。考点六副词的分类副词按其词汇意义一般分为以下五类:副词种类例词时间和频度副词yesterday, now, tonight, soon, ever, once, always, usually, often, sometimes等地点副词here, there, home, out, inside, behind, downstairs, near, everywhere等程度副词well, very, quite, rather, so, such, much, a lot, a little, too, en

26、ough, much too等方式副词badly, easily, happily, luckily, carefully, quickly, slowly等疑问副词when, where, why, how, how often等()The final exam is very important. We must treat it _ Aserious BSeriously Ccareless Dcarelessly考点链接B 解析:B考查副词的使用。句意:这次期末考试非常重要,我们要认真对待。seriously “认真地,严肃地”, carelessly “粗心大意地,草率地”,所以答案

27、选B。目录页CONTENTS PAGE 第二部分词语辨析1surprise, surprised, surprising surprise使惊奇,惊奇动词或名词in surprise;to ones surprisesurprised感到惊奇的形容词形容人, be surprised at sthsurprising令人惊奇的形容词形容物常见类似的ing形容词和ed形容词还有: interesting 有趣的 interested感兴趣的 exciting令人兴奋的 excited感到兴奋的 frightening令人恐惧的 frightened感到恐惧的 moving令人感动的 moved感

28、动的1surprise, surprised, surprising 即景活用: To my _, my father was _ at the _ news.1surprise, surprised, surprising surprisesurprisedsurprising2pleased, pleasure, pleasant pleased高兴的形容词修饰人的内心,相当于happypleasure高兴,愉快,荣幸名词 pleasant令人愉快的,令人高兴的形容词修饰事物本身 即景活用: (1)What a _ evening! Lets go out for a walk.(2)I

29、am _ to meet you all. I hope we can be friends soon. (3)It is a _ for me to help you.2pleased, pleasure, pleasantpleasedpleasantpleasureill表示“病的,生病的”,都可以作表语。ill作定语,表示“坏的”。sicksick作定语,表示“病的,生病的”。3ill和sick 即景活用:(1)The _man is his father. (2)She has been _ for three weeks.3ill和sicksickill4alone与lonelya

30、loneadj. 作表语,强调独自一人。adv. 单独地、孤单地。lonelyadj. 作表语,表示寂寞,含有强烈的感情色彩。adj. 作定语时含有“荒凉”之意。 即景活用: (1)He lives_,but he doesnt feel_. (2)The man lived in a _island.4alone与lonelyalonelonelylonely5older和elderolder常用于表比较的句型中。older意为“较老的,较旧的,年纪较大的”。elderelder只用于比较一家人的年龄长幼,意为“年长的”。除家庭成员之外,也可以指其他人,意思是“资格老的”。 即景活用: (1

31、)Your bike is_than mine. (2)He is _than you. (3)He is my_brother. (4)He is an_teacher.5older和elderolderolderelderelder6already, yet, still already已经用于肯定句。放在句中,常用于完成时。yet仍然(否定句);已经(疑问句)用于否定句和一般疑问句。放在句末,用于完成时。still仍然(用于肯定句)表示某事还在进行,主要用于肯定句和疑问句。位置较灵活。 即景活用: (1)Weve _ watched that film. (2)I havent fini

32、shed my homework _. (3)He _ works until late every night.6already, yet, still alreadyyetstill7also, too, as well, eitheralso多用于书面语,放在肯定句和疑问句句中,一般放在系动词后,行为动词之前。too 多用于口语一般放在肯定句末,前有逗号。as well一般放在肯定句和疑问句句末,没有逗号。either用于否定句,放在句末。 即景活用: (1)I went there last night. He went there _. (2)He hasnt finished it

33、, _. (3)She is young and beautiful, and _ rich.7also, too, as well, eithertooeitheralso8quite, veryquite都表示程度,意为“很,十分”,用来修饰形容词和副词,但very的语气更强。当与冠词连用时,quite a形容词名词a very形容词名词。very 即景活用: (1)She is _ a lovely girl. (2)It was a _ cold morning. (3)He is _ tall, but not _ tall.8quite, veryquiteveryquitever

34、y9much too, too much, too manymuch too意为“非常,极其,太”, much修饰too,中心词是too,用以加强语气。修饰形容词或副词原级。too much意为“太多”, 中心词是much,too修饰much,以加强语气。修饰不可数名词。too many意为“太多”, 中心词是many,too修饰many,以加强语气。修饰可数名词复数。 即景活用: (1)The skirt is _ _dear. (2)Please dont eat _ _ ice cream.Its bad for your health. (3)There are_ _ people i

35、n the supermarket.9much too, too much, too manymuch tootoo muchtoo many10so, suchso so形容词/副词so beautiful/quicklyso形容词a/an可数名词单数so clever a girlsuchsucha/an形容词可数名词单数such a clever girlsuch形容词可数名词复数such good studentssuch形容词不可数名词such fine weather10so, such注意:如果可数名词复数前有many,few或不可数名词前有much,little(少)修饰,用s

36、o不用such。so many(如此多的);so few(如此少的),可以加可数名词复数。so much(如此多的);so little(如此少的),可以加不可数名词。请注意:如果当little是“小”的意思,用such。such a little kid 是“如此一个小男孩”的意思。 即景活用: (1)My brother runs _ fast that I cant follow him. (2)He is_ a good boy. (3)He is _clever a boy.He is _a clever boy. (4)It is _ cold weather. (5)They a

37、re_ good students.10so, suchsoso such such such such11sometimes, some time, some times, sometimesometimes有时He sometimes gets up at 9:00 am. 他有时早上9点起床。some time一段时间 I will stay in shanghai for some time. 我将在上海待一段时间。some times几次I have been to shanghai some times. 我已经去过上海几次了。sometime某时He will go abroad sometime in two years. 他将在两年后的某个时间出国。

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