2020中考英语二轮复习语法专题—代词归纳.docx

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1、专题二代词考点清单常考点清单一、人称代词数人称词义类型单数复数一二三一二三我你她/他/它我们你们他/她/它们主格Iyoushe/he/itweyouthey宾格meyouher/him/itusyouthem二、物主代词数人称词义类型单数复数一二三一二三我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他/她/它们的形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshishers/oursyourstheirs三、反身代词数人称单数复数第一人称myself 我自己ourselves 我们自己第二人称yourself 你自己yourselves 你们自己数人称单数复数第三人称h

2、imself 他自己herself 她自己itself 它自己themselves四、指示代词单数this that复数these those五、疑问代词疑问代词主要用法例句who作主语、表语、宾语(作宾语时不能放在介词后)Who wants to go with me?谁想和我一起去?whomwho的宾格形式,作宾语To whom are you talking?你在和谁说话?whose作定语、表语、宾语、主语Whose book is this?这是谁的书?续表疑问代词主要用法例句what/whowhat询问某人的职业Whats your father?你父亲是干什么的?He is a w

3、orker.他是一个工人。who询问某人的身份Who is the boy under the tree?树下的那个男孩儿是谁?He is Li Ming.他是李明。what/whichwhat指“什么”,没有范围的限定What would you like?你喜欢什么?which指“哪一个,哪些”,指在一定范围内选择Which season do you like best?你最喜欢哪个季节?六、普通不定代词及复合不定代词(一)普通不定代词1.初中阶段常用的普通不定代词列表如下:some;anyfew;littlemany;mucheither;neitheranother;otherbot

4、h;all2.普通不定代词的用法(1)some与anysome和any均表示“一些”,既可指代或修饰可数名词,也可指代或修饰不可数名词;some 一般用于肯定句中,any 多用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。但在疑问句中,当表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表达请求、建议时应用some。如:There are many pencils in my room.You ll find some in the drawer.我的房间里有很多铅笔。你会在抽屉里找到一些。Look!Some boys are playing football.看!一些男生正在踢足球。Would you like some coff

5、ee?你要喝点咖啡吗?Yes,please.好的,谢谢。(2)many 与 muchmany指代或修饰可数名词复数,much指代或修饰不可数名词,它们都可以与表示程度的副词so,too等连用。如:Don t take so many books.别拿那么多书。He has never eaten so much breakfast.他从没吃过这么多早餐。(3)either与neithereither 指两个人或物中的一个,neither 指两个人或物中一个也不,常构成固定搭配either/neither of+名词/代词的复数+谓语动词(第三人称单数);当either.or.和neither.

6、nor.连接两个主语时,谓语动词应与离它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。如:Neither of the books is good.这两本书都不好。Either you or he is wrong.不是你错了,就是他错了。(4)both 与 allboth 表示“两者都”;all指“三者或三者以上都”,二者都常与of连用。如:Both of the plans are good.两个计划都很好。All of Jim,Lucy and Lily agree to stay here.吉姆、露西和莉莉都同意留在这里。(二)复合不定代词1.初中阶段常用的复合不定代词列表如下:somebody(某

7、人)anybody(任何人)nobody(没有人)everybody(每个人)someone(某人)anyone(任何人)no one(没有人)everyone(每个人)something(某事) anything(任何事物)nothing(没有什么)everything(每件事物)2.在反意疑问句中,当陈述部分的主语是指人的复合不定代词,如 every-body,nobody,anyone等时,反意疑问部分的主语通常用代词 they;当陈述部分的主语是指物的复合不定代词,如 everything,anything,something,nothing等时,反意疑问部分的主语通常用代词 it。如

8、:Everybody is here,aren t they?大家都在这里,不是吗?Everything is ready,isn t it?所有东西都准备好了,不是吗?3.当形容词或 else修饰复合不定代词 something,everything,everyone 等时,形容词或 else 通常放在这些词的后面。如:He has something important to tell you.他有一些重要的事情要告诉你。Can you find anyone else?你能找到其他人吗?4.everyone的意思等同于everybody,只能指人;every one 既可指人也可指物,还

9、可以和of连用。如:I d like everyone to be happy.我希望人人都幸福。I have kept every one of her letters.我已经把她的每一封信都保存了下来。七、代词it的用法1.指代前面提到过的事物。如:The book on the desk is not mine.It is Jims.桌子上的那本书不是我的,它是吉姆的。2.代替指示代词this或that。如:Whats that?那是什么?It is a pencil.那是一支铅笔。3.指代婴儿或不明身份的人。如:Someone is knocking at the door. Go a

10、nd see who it is.有人在敲门,去看看是谁。4.指代时间或日期。如:Whats the time now?现在几点了?Its ten oclock.十点了。5.指代天气。如:Whats the weather like today?Its sunny.今天天气怎么样?天气晴朗。6.指代距离。如:How far is it from your school to your home?从学校到你家有多远?7.作形式主语,常用于下列句型中:(1)It is+adj.+(for sb.+)to do sth.如:It is important for us to work hard.对我

11、们来说,努力工作是重要的。(2)It seems that. 好像(3)Its ones turn to do. 轮到某人做了。如:Its your turn to sing.轮到你唱歌了。(4)Its+adj.+that 从句。如:Its necessary that everyone obey the traffic rules.每个人都遵守交通规则是必要的。8.作形式宾语。如:Do you think it necessary to learn to wait in line?你认为有必要学会排队等候吗?9.用于强调句型“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分”。如:

12、It is he who goes to school by bike every day.是他每天骑自行车上学。易混点清单一、形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的区别形容词性物主代词之后一定要接名词,而名词性物主代词之后不需要接任何词。如:这张票是她的,不是我的。误 This is hers ticket, not my.正 This is her ticket, not mine.二、it,one,that作代词时的区别1.it特指上文提到的同一事物。如:The book is mine.Its very interesting.这本书是我的,它很有趣。2.one 泛指上文提及的同类事物中的

13、一个,同类而不同物。如:Who has a pen?谁有一支钢笔?I have one.我有一支。3.that 常用于比较结构中,特指同名异物的可数名词单数或不可数名词,以避免重复。如:The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter.冬天北京的天气比广州的天气冷。三、both,all,either,any,neither,none都任何一个都不两者botheitherneither三者或三者以上allanynone四、little,a little,few,a few复数名词概念不可数名词概念肯定a few(一

14、些)a little(一点儿)否定few(几乎没有)little(几乎没有)如:Would you please buy some ink for me,Tony?There is little left.托尼,请你给我买些墨水好吗?几乎没有了。A few people know it.有几个人知道它。五、other,the other,others,the others,another意义用法说明other另外的,其他的用作定语,常与复数名词连用,但如果前面有the,my,your,his等词则可与单数名词连用the other两者中的另一个常与one连用,构成“one.the other.

15、”;修饰复数名词时,表示“其余的全部”others 表示除去一部分以后的另一些,但不是剩下的全部通常构成“some.others.”结构the others特指其余所有的人或物常构成“one.the others.”或“some.the others.”结构another又一,另一 指三者或三者以上中的任何一个,可作限定词或代词中考题组1.(2018山东日照,6)I can hardly eat anything.I am not feeling well today.2.(2019山东临沂,21)Tennis can exercise all of our muscles(肌肉).And i

16、t requires usto spend time with others.This is good for our health too.3.(2019山东青岛,46)Dont worry!We are old enough to look after ourselves (我们自己).4.(2019山东临沂,62)The little boy said,“I am old enough to take good care of myself(my).”5.(2019江苏宿迁,9)As the lights in the room went out,it was very dark and

17、 noth-ing(没有什么) could be seen clearly.6.(2019重庆,22)Tom is my best friend.I often play basketball with him(他).7.(2019江苏扬州,2)Annie, your(you) books are all over the place.Sorry,Mom. Ill put them away.8.(2019江苏泰州,4)You look pale today,Madam!Whats the matter with you?Nothing serious.Just a cold.9.(2019江

18、苏南京,4)Last month the students in Changjiang Road Primary School held the “Ten Years of Growth Ceremony” to celebrate their (they) 10th birthday together.10.(2019黑龙江龙东地区,4)I lost my textbook and I couldnt find it any-where.Here are some.Just take one,please.模拟题组1.(2019山东一模,17)Who is in the classroom?

19、Nobody(没有人).All the students are on the playground.2.(2019山东二模,22)I find i t hard to finish the work.3.(2018山东三模,24)Have you bought anythingunusual for Lindas birth-day?Not exactly.Just some flowers.4.(2019山东菏泽郓城初中学业水平模拟考试,23)Somebody(某人) was call-ing you just now.He wanted to meet you in thirty min

20、utes.5.(2019山东济南A卷中考考前最后一卷,27)Some doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight MERS(中东呼吸综合征).They think more of others than themselves.6.(2019山东济南A卷中考考前最后一卷,45)As volunteers,they should do some-thing to help the children in trouble.7.(2019济南商河二模,28)My brother is only three years old,but he can dress himself.8.(2019济南商河二模,35)Jinan Metro makes i t more convenient for people to travel.