第2章-词义选择的准确性.doc

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1、精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除第二章 词义选择的准确性从安徽大学MTI班论文答辩情况看词义选择的重要性：1. While Brittany remains an integral part of France, the creation of a Scottish Parliament and a Welsh Assembly in the 1990s brought political autonomy from England.【原译】布列塔尼作为法国的一部分，在20世纪90年代加入了苏格兰国会和威尔士议会，让它得到了英国的政治自治权。论文作者说明：在查阅资料后，没有找到

2、布列塔尼地区政体的介绍，这里的原文也没有做更为详细的介绍，对于这里为什么会出现Scottish Parliament、Welsh Assembly、political autonomy from England感到费解。【改译】虽然布列塔尼仍然是法国不可或缺的一部分，但是，二十世纪九十年代，在苏格兰产生了议会，在威尔士产生了国民大会，它们从英国获得了政治上的自治。2. The origins, identity, and geographic parameters of the Yue are a source of scholarly controversy. The Yue presuma

3、bly lived south of the Yangzi River, possibly living as far as southern and southeastern coasts of present-day China. 【原译】越人的出身地、身份及地理参数是学术界一直争论的话题。据推测，越人以前是住在长江南岸，可能最远会到今天中国的南疆和东南疆。【改译】越人的出身地、身份及地理位置都是学术争论的话题。越人大概住在长江以南，可能最远至今天中国的南部和东南部沿海地区。3. These laws were revised and finally cast onto a tripod

4、in 513 BCE.【原译】这些法律被修订并且最后在公元前513年投射到三角鼎上。【改译】这些法律被修订之后，最终于公元前513年被浇铸在一个三角鼎上。4. In 332BCE, Alexander the Great was welcomed to Egypt, and he absorbed the Nile Valley into his empire.【原译】公元332年，亚历山大大帝进入埃及，并将尼罗河村列入其帝国范围之内。【改译】公元前332年，亚历山大大帝受恭迎进入埃及，将尼罗河谷列入其帝国范围。本章主要内容：第一节 科技英语词汇的来源、分类及特征1. 科技英语词汇的来源和分类

5、2. 科技英语词汇的构词特征3. 科技英语词汇的其他特征第二节 科技英语词汇语义的确定及翻译1. 根据词汇的联立关系确定词义2. 根据词汇的语法功能确定词义3. 根据专业领域确定词义第三节 科技英语词汇的认知隐喻1. 隐喻创造科技英语词汇的重要手段2. 科技英语术语与隐喻3. 英汉认知隐喻对比及其翻译练习二、(1) Combustion aerosol 燃烧气溶胶(2) baseband transmission 通信 基带传输(3) ultra-high capacity 超大容量能力(4) construction joint 建 施工缝(5) system structure param

6、eters系统结构参数(6) speed dial 快速拨号(7) lithosphere 地岩石圈(8) metabolism 新陈代谢(9) potentiometer 电工学 电位计；电势(差)计；电位器；分压器 (10) desalinization 化工土壤 脱盐(11) bivalve双壳贝；无脊椎 双壳类动物；植物学 有双瓣的(12) T-track 锤形轨迹三、句子(2) All glass is produced by melting, but this stage is where the float glass process is unique. The molten

7、glass flows out of the furnace onto a bath of molten tin. It floats on top of the tin, hence the name “float glass”.【参考译文】所有的玻璃都是通过熔化生产出来的，但浮法玻璃工艺的独特之处就在这个（熔化）阶段。熔融的玻璃从窑炉中流到锡液槽上。玻璃在锡上漂浮，“浮法玻璃”因此而得名。(3) Most of these single-celled forms make light whenever they are stimulated or irritated by somethin

8、g around them. Some kinds, however, produce light only at night.【参考译文】大多数这些单细胞体在受到周围的东西刺激或被激怒时，都能发光。不过，有些只能在夜间发光。(6) High resolution and accuracies can be obtained, and these devices may be mechanically coupled to provide a direct digital output of any parameter which gives rise to a measurable phys

9、ical displacement. 【参考译文】（利用这些设备）能达到很高的分辨率和精度，而且这些设备可以进行机械连接，实现引起某个可测量物理偏移的任何参数的直接数字输出。(8) Each time a live wire is surrounded by a magnetic field, the force acting on the wire is proportional to the current and the strength of the field.【参考译文】每当电线通电，其周围就产生磁场。作用于电线的磁势力（大小）与电流和磁场力成正比。(10) The reason

10、that even minute concentrations of recalcitrant compounds can be harmful is the phenomenon known as biomagnification, whereby a concentration of toxic chemicals by organisms occurs not only in a series of steps up the food chain, but also by direct uptake from water.【参考译文】由于一种叫做生物放大效应的现象，甚至浓度很小的难分解化

11、合物也是有害的。据此，生物体内有毒化学药剂浓度不仅会在食物链的一系列步骤中升高，而且也会因从水中直接摄入而升高。The following is an example showing how bio-magnification takes place in nature: An anchovy (凤尾鱼) eats zoo-plankton that has tiny amounts of mercury that the zoo-plankton has picked up from the water throughout the anchovies lifespan. A tuna (金

12、枪鱼) eats many of these anchovies over its life, accumulating the mercury (汞) in each of those anchovies into its body. If the mercury stunts the growth of the anchovies, that tuna is required to eat more little fish to stay alive. Because there are more little fish being eaten, the mercury content i

13、s magnified.Biological magnification often refers to the process whereby certain substances such as pesticides or heavy metals move up the food chain, work their way into rivers or lakes, and are eaten by aquatic organisms such as fish, which in turn are eaten by large birds, animals or humans. The

14、substances become concentrated in tissues or internal organs as they move up the chain. Bioaccumulants are substances that increase in concentration in living organisms as they take in contaminated air, water, or food because the substances are very slowly metabolized or excreted (排泄). 五、段落Semicondu

15、ctor lasers are built on flat, layered chips. They include a layer of n-type semiconductor, which is laced with an impurity that gives it spare, negatively charged electrons, and a p-type layer, which is deficient in electrons, and so behaves as if it contained spare, positively charged “holes”. Sup

16、plying electrical energy to the chip elevates the electrons to an excited state. Light is generated when some of the excited electrons combine with holes in an intermediate junction layer between the two types of semiconductor. This sets off a cascade within the junction layer, as the light from the

17、 first electrons stimulates others to emit light.【参考译文】在扁平的分层集成电路片上嵌入半导体激光器。它们包括一层n型半导体（掺入一种（受主）杂质使其拥有多余的负荷电子）和一层p型半导体（因缺少电子，其表现为好像含有多余的正荷“空穴”）。向集成电路片供电能使电子处于某种激励状态。两类半导体之间在中间结层中，当某些受激励的电子与空穴结合时，就产生了光。因为第一批电子发出的光刺激其他的电子发光，就引起了结层内的级联（反应）。六、篇章2013 Fresnel Prize Awarded to Chen Yuao, A Young Quantum Sc

18、ientist from USTCOn May 14th, CHEN Yuao（陈宇翱）, a 32-year-old physics scientist from University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), was awarded the 2013 Fresnel （菲涅尔）Prize by the European Physical Society in Munich, Germany, with “his outstanding contributions to quantum manipulation (量子操纵) bas

19、ed on photons and cold atoms as well as in the field of quantum information and quantum simulation”. The Fresnel Prize is named after Augustin-Jean Fresnel, the greatest opticist in the 19th century, which is regarded as the highest honor for young scientists globally in the field of quantum electro

20、nics and quantum optics, for every two years, two young scientists under the age of 35 were awarded the prize, one in the field of basic research and the other in the field of applied research. Over the past years, Chen and his colleagues have made remarkable contributions in quantum studies. In 200

21、4, for instance, he and his colleagues constructed the first experiment platform of five-photon entanglement（五光子纠缠） in the world, which established the international leading position in the multi-photon entanglement manipulation for China. In 2012, they have demonstrated quantum teleportation（量子远距传态

22、）of independent qubits（量子比特）over a 97-kilometre one-link free-space channel with multi-photon entanglement, which offered technical precondition for the first possible quantum experimental satellite. Till now, China leads the world in some quantum information studies like photon entanglement and qua

23、ntum cryptography（密码系统）. Chen presented his extraordinary talents in physics studies since young age. He won the title of Champion of both theories and experiments in the 29th International Physics Olympiad in 1998, changing the history that Chinese students had never got the first place in the expe

24、riment part of the International Physics Olympiad. After then, Chen was enrolled by the top science university of Chinese mainland, USTC, who finished his bachelor degree from the famous School of Gifted Young (SGY), and then continued his quantum studies following with Prof. PAN Jianwei, with his m

25、aster degree from USTC and his doctoral degree in Heidelberg University, Germany, in 2008. After two-year postdoctoral study in Germany, since 2011, Chen came back to China, and acted as a young full-time professor at Hefei National Laboratory For Physical Sciences at the Microscale in USTC with the support of “Recruitment Program of Global Young Experts” by Chinese government. 【精品文档】第 6 页