量子力学方面的诺贝尔物理学奖.doc

《量子力学方面的诺贝尔物理学奖.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《量子力学方面的诺贝尔物理学奖.doc（12页珍藏版）》请在得力文库 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date量子力学方面的诺贝尔物理学奖The Nobel Prize in quantum mechanicsThe Nobel Prize in quantum mechanics1932The Nobel Prize in Physics 1932 was awarded to Werner Heisenberg for the creation of quantum me

2、chanics, the application of which has, inter alia, led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen.Werner Heisenberg received his Nobel Prize one year later, in 1933. During the selection process in 1932, the Nobel Committee for Physics decided that none of the years nominations met the cri

3、teria as outlined in the will of Alfred Nobel. According to the Nobel Foundations statutes, the Nobel Prize can in such a case be reserved until the following year, and this statute was then applied. Werner Heisenberg therefore received his Nobel Prize for 1932 one year later, in 1933.德国物理学家沃纳卡尔海森堡（

4、Werner Karl Heisenberg)因创建量子力学并导致氢的同位素异形体而获奖。1925年7月29 日被称为“量子力学诞生日“。1954The Nobel Prize in Physics 1954 was divided equally between Max Born for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics, especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction and Walther Bothe for the coincidence met

5、hod and his discoveries made therewith. 英籍德国物理学家马科斯波恩（Max Born）因在量子力学方面的基础研究，特别是波函数统计解释，德国物理学家瓦尔特博特（Walther Bothe）因提出符合计数法以及由此取得的发展而获奖。1964The Nobel Prize in Physics 1964 was divided, one half awarded to Charles Hard Townes, the other half jointly to Nicolay Gennadiyevich Basov and Aleksandr Mikhail

6、ovich Prokhorov for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle. 美国物理学家查尔斯哈德汤斯（Charles Hard Townes）和前苏联物理学家尼科莱盖纳德耶维奇巴索夫（Nikolai Gennadievich Basov）,亚历山大米海伊洛维奇普罗霍若夫（Alexander Mikhandievich Pro

7、khorov）因在量子电子学方面的基础性研究工作而获奖。1965The Nobel Prize in Physics 1965 was awarded jointly to Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Julian Schwinger and Richard P. Feynman for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles. 美国物理学家理查德菲利普费因曼（Richard

8、Phillips Feynman）朱利安西摩旅温格（Julian Seymour Schwinger）和日本物理学家朝永振一郎（Sin-itiro Tomanaga）因在量子电动方面所做的对基础粒子物理学的研究具有深刻的基础性研究而获奖。1985The Nobel Prize in Physics 1985 was awarded to Klaus von Klitzing for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect. 德国物理学家克劳斯冯克利青（Klaus von Klitzing）因从金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管中发现量子霍尔效应而获奖。1

9、998The Nobel Prize in Physics 1998 was awarded jointly to Robert B. Laughlin, Horst L. Strmer and Daniel C. Tsui for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations. 美籍中国物理学家崔琦（Daniel C.Tsui）德国物理学家霍斯特L斯特默尔（Horst lStormer）和美国物理学家罗伯特B劳林（Robert BLaughlin）因发现分数量子霍尔效应

10、，以及对分数量子霍尔效应液体的研究在实验上和理论上的贡献而获奖。1999The Nobel Prize in Physics 1999 was awarded jointly to Gerardus t Hooft and Martinus J.G. Veltman for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics 荷兰物理学家马丁努斯韦尔特曼（Martinus JG Veltman）和赫拉尔杜斯霍夫特（Gerardust Hooft）因解释了物理学中的弱电相互作用的量子结构而获奖。2005

11、The Nobel Prize in Physics 2005 was divided, one half awarded to Roy J. Glauberfor his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence, the other half jointly to John L. Hall and Theodor W. Hnsch for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the

12、optical frequency comb technique. 美国物理学家奥伊格拉布尔（Roy J Glauber）因光学相关量子理论方面取得的成就，美国科学家约翰哈尔（John L Hall）和德国科学家特奥多尔汉什（Theodor W Hansch）因包括光频滤波技术在内的激光精确波谱检查方面所取到的成就而获奖。2012The Nobel Prize in Physics 2012 was awarded jointly to Serge Haroche and David J. Wineland for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems 法国科学家塞尔日 阿罗什(Serge Haroche)与美国科学家大卫 维因兰德(David Wineland)获奖。获奖理由是“发现测量和操控单个量子系统的突破性实验方法”。 参考文献：http:/www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/ -