法律英语核心词汇.doc

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1、Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date法律英语核心词汇必备法律英语词汇必备法律英语词汇 -民事法律英语词汇(A,B)按份共有 several possession按份之债 several obligation版权 copyright包办婚姻 arranged marriage保证 guaranty/guarantee保证合同 contract of guaranty保证金 guaranty bond; s

2、ecurity deposit保证人 guarantor被代理人（本人） principal本代理 original agency本代理人 original agent次代理 subagency代理权 right of agency代理行为 act of agency表见代理 agency by estoppel; apparent agency不安抗辩权 unstable counter-argument right不当得利 unjust enrichment不当履行 misfeasance不可抗力 force majeure不可侵犯权 inviolability不要式民事法律行为 info

3、rmal civil legal act不要因民事法律行为 noncausative civil legal act不作为 omission(C)财产担保 property guarantee财产分割 partition; dismemberment of property财团法人 legal body of financial group采矿权 mining ownership产品瑕疵 defect of product撤销权 right of claiming cancellation承包经营权 right to contracted management承认权 right of admi

4、ssion诚实信用原则 principle of good faith乘人之危 taking advantage of others precarious position程序法 procedural law驰名商标 reputed trademark处分权 right of disposing; jus dispodendi创造性 creativity创作 creation从民事法律行为 accessory civil legal act从债 accessory obligation(D)大陆法 continental law大陆法系 civil law system代位继承 represe

5、ntation; succession by subrogation代位权 subrogated right单独继承 single succession单方民事法律行为 unilateral civil legal act单一之债 single obligation担保物权 real right for security盗版VCD pirated VCD等价有偿原则 principle of equal value exchange抵销 setoff抵押标的物 collateral; estate under mortgage抵押权 hypothec; right to mortgage抵押权

6、的次序 sequence of right to mortgage抵押权的抛弃 abandonment of right to mortgage抵押权的让与 alienation of right to mortgage抵押权的设定 creation of right to mortgage抵押权的实现 materialization of right to mortgage抵押权的消灭 extinction of right to mortgage抵押权的效力 defect of right to mortgage抵押权人 mortgagee抵押人 mortgagor抵押物登记 regist

7、ration of estate under mortgage抵押优先权 priority of mortgage地上权 superficies地役权 servitude; easement第一顺序继承人 successor first in order佃权 tenant right 定金 earnest money; deposit独生子女 only child多方民事法律行为 joint act civil legal act( E, F)恶意占有 malicious possession发表权 right of publication发明创造 invention and creation

8、发明权 right of invention发现权 right of discovery法定代理人 statutory agent; legal agent法定继承 legal succession法定违约金 liquidated damages by law法定之债 legal obligation法定孳息 legal fruits法律婚 legal marriage法律渊源 source of law法人 legal person法人合伙 partnership of legal person法人型联营 association of legal persons防卫行为 act of def

9、ense非婚生子女 illegitimate child非专属权 non-exclusive right否认权 right of claiming cancellation夫妻分居 divorce a mensa et thoro; divorce from bed and board夫妻共同财产 community property夫妻关系 conjugal relationship服务商标 service trademark抚恤金 pension附期限民事法律行为 civil legal act with term复婚 resumption of marriage( G )感情破裂 inc

10、ompatibility个人独资企业 individual business establishment个人合伙 partnership个体工商户 individual business给付 give; pay工业产权 industrial property公法 public law公力救济 public protection公民 citizen公平原则 principle of justice公序良俗 public order and moral共同共有 joint possession共同继承 joint succession固有法 native law; indigenous law关联

11、企业 affiliate enterprise广告商标 advertisement trademark国民待遇原则 doctrine of national treatment国有独资企业 solely state-owned enterprise(H)合法行为 lawful act合伙财产 property of partnership合伙人 partner合伙协议 partnership agreement合伙型联营 coordinated management in partnership合伙债务 debt of partnership合同之债 contractual obligatio

12、n合作社 cooperative衡平法 equity; law of equity户籍 census register婚后财产公证 notarization of postnuptial properties婚生子女 legitimate child婚姻、家庭、继承、收养 marriage, family, inheritance, adoption婚姻登记 marriage registration婚姻法 marital law; marriage law货币 currency获得报酬权right to get payment/remuneration( J, K )计划生育 birth c

13、ontrol技术诀窍 know-how继承参与人 succession participant继承法 inheritance law; law of succession继承人 heir; successor间接继承 indirect succession监护 guardianship简单之债 simple obligation教会法 ecclesiastical law解除权 right of renouncement紧急避险 act of rescue; necessity近似商标 similar trademark禁止规范 forbidding norm经常居住地 frequently

14、dwelling place经营权 managerial authority; power of management精神损害 moral/mental/spiritual damage救济权 right of relief居所 residence绝对权 absolute right抗辩权 right of defense可撤销民事行为 revocable civil act ( L, M )离婚 divorce利用权 right to make use of 例外法 exception law连带之债 joint obligation联营 joint venture林权 forest own

15、ership留置权 lien录制权 right of fixation律师代理 agency by lawyer罗马法 Roman Law罗马法系 Roman law system埋藏物 fortuna; hidden property买卖婚姻 mercenary marriage民法法律规范 norm of civil law民法法系 civil law system民法基本原则 fundamental principles of civil law民事法律行为 civil legal act民事合伙 civil partnership民事权利能力 civil right capacity民

16、事行为 civil act名称权 right of name名誉权 right of reputation明示保证 express guaranty命令性规范 commanding norm默示保证 implied guaranty( N, P )拟制血亲 blood relations in fiction of law农村承包经营户 leaseholding rural household诺成性民事法律行为 consenting civil legal act判例法 case law; precedent旁系血亲 collateral blood relation配偶 spouse剽窃 p

17、lagiary; plagiarism漂流物 drifting object平等原则 principle of equality普通代理 general agency普通法 common law普通合伙 general partnership 期待权 expectant right欺诈 fraud( Q )企业法人 legal body of enterprise企业集团 group of enterprise亲权parental right亲属权 right of relative侵权行为 tort侵权行为之债 tort obligation 清偿 discharge; satisfacti

18、on情事变更原则 doctrine of change of circumstances请求权 right of claim全权代理 general agency全权代理委托书 general power of attorney权利本位 standard of right权利的保护 protection of right( R )让与担保 alienation guarantee人格权 right of personality人权 human right人身权利 personal right人身损害 damage to person人役权 servitus personarum; person

19、al servitude任意之债 voluntary obligation日尔曼法 Germanic law荣誉权 right of honor入伙 join partnership( S )善意占有 possession in good faith商标代理 trademark agency商标公告 trademark gazette商标国际注册 international registration of trademark商标评审委员会 trade review and appraisal board商标侵权 trademark infringement商标权 trademark right

20、商标审查 trademark examination商标使用许可协议 trademark licensing agreement商标事务所 trademark office商标注册trademark register商品商标 commodity trademark社会本位 standard of society社团法人 legal body of mass organization涉外婚姻 marriage with foreign elements涉外收养 adoption with foreign elements申请在先原则 prior application rule身份权 right

21、 of status生命健康权 right of life and health生前民事法律行为 civil legal act before death实际履行原则 doctrine of specific performance实践性民事法律行为 practical civil legal act实体法 substantial law实用新型 utility model实用性 practicability使用权 right of use; right to use of 使用收益分享权 right to share usufruct使用在先 priority of use世袭继承 here

22、ditary succession市民法 jus civile事实婚 de facto marriage收回权 right of recall; right of retrieval收养法 adoption law收养人 adoptive parent/adopter收养协议 adoption agreement收益权 right to earnings; right to yields受托人 trustee授权规范 authorization norm 授权委托书 power of attorney授权行为 act of authorization署名权 right of authorshi

23、p; right of paternity司法解释 judicial interpretation私法 private law私力救济 self-protection私生活秘密权 right of privacy私营企业 private enterprise; proprietorship寺院法 canon law送养人 person or institution placing out a child for adoption诉讼离婚 divorce by litigation损害赔偿之债 obligation of compensation for injury; obligation o

24、f damages所有权 dominium; ownership; title所有权凭证 document of title; title of ownership( T )他物权 jus in re aliena探视权 visitation right特别法 special law特别合伙 special partnership特别留置权 special lien特定之债 certain obligation特许权使用费 royalties提存 debtors submission of the subject matter of obligation to competent author

25、ity天然孳息 natural fruits同居 cohabitation同时履行抗辩权 defense right of simultaneous performance土地使用权 right to the use of land退伙 withdrawal from partnership( W )外观设计 design; industrial design完全行为能力 perfect capacity for act 完整性保持权 right to maintain integrity晚婚 late marriage万民法 jus gentium违法行为 illegal act; unla

26、wful act违约金 liquidated damages伪造 forge委托代理 agency by mandate慰问金 consolation money无偿民事法律行为 civil legal act without consideration; civil legal act without award无效婚姻 void marriage无效行为 ineffective act无行为能力 incapacity for act无因管理 voluntary service无责任行为 irresponsible right无主物 bona vacatia; vacant goods; o

27、wnerless goods物的担保 security for thing物的瑕疵担保 warranty against defect of a thing物权分类 classification of right in rem/real right 物上请求权 right of claim for real thing误传 misrepresentation( X )习惯法 customary law先买权 preemption显失公平 obvious unjust限制行为能力 restrictive capacity for act相对权 relative right相对人 counterp

28、art; offeree相邻权 neighboring right; related right肖像权 right of portraiture协议离婚 divorce by agreement 协作型联营 cooperation-type coordinated management胁迫 duress新颖性 novelty信用担保 credit guarantee行为能力 capacity for act形成权 right of formation姓名权 right of name修改权 right of modification; right of revision选择之债 alterna

29、tive obligation( Y )押金 deposit; foregift要式民事法律行为 formal civil legal act要因民事法律行为 causative civil legal act一夫一妻制 monogamy伊斯兰法 Islamic law医疗费 medical charge医药费 hospital treatment expense遗产 inheritance; heritage遗产继承人 heir to property; inheritor遗失物 lost property遗书 last words遗言 last will and testament遗赠 b

30、equest; legacy; devise(不动产)遗赠抚养协议 legacy-support agreement 遗赠继承 succession by devise遗嘱继承 intestate succession以合法形式掩盖非法目的 legal form concealing illegal intention义务性规范 obligatory norm意思表示 declaration of intention意思表示一致 meeting of minds; consensus意思能力 capacity of will意外事件 accident隐名合伙 sleeping partners

31、hip; dormant partnership隐私权 right of privacy英吉利法 English law英美法系 system of Anglo-American law永久性抗辩权 permanent counter-argument right用益物权 real right for usufruct优先权日 priority date优先权原则 doctrine of priority right 有权代理 authorized agency有限合伙 limited partnership预付款 advanced payment约定违约金 liquidated damage

32、s by agreement( Z )再代理人 subagent早婚 early marriage债的担保 guarantee of obligation债的履行 performance of obligation债权 jus in personam; right to give or procure; claim; creditors right债权人 creditor债券 bond债务 debt; liability; obligation债务的偿还 payment of debt债务的偿清 discharge of debt债务的担保 guarantee of debt债务的给付日期 d

33、ebt maturity债务的合并 consolidation of debt债务的免除 exemption of debt债务人 debtor占有权 dominium utile; equitable ownership贞操权 virginity right正当防卫 justifiable right; legitimate defense证券 securities支配权 right of dominion知识产权 intellectual property知识产权国际保护 international protection of intellectual property直系血亲 linea

34、l descent指定代理人 designated agent制定法 statute质权right of pledge智力成果 intellectual property中华人民共和国专利局 Patent Office of the Peoples Republic of China中外合资企业 Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise中外合作企业 Sino-foreign contractual enterprise终止权 right of termination种类之债 indefinite obligation重大误解 gross misundersta

35、nding重婚 bigamy主民事法律行为 principal civil legal act主债 prime/principal obligation住所 domicile注册商标使用许可 licensing of registered trademark注册商标转让 assignment of registered trademark著作财产权 property right in work 著作邻接权 neighboring right of copyright著作权人 copyright owner部分美国刑事法律英语词汇Year and a Day Rule 满一年原则（如受害者满一年

36、未死亡，不得以杀人罪起诉被告） Whartons Rule 沃顿原则（如果某种罪最少得由N人所犯，那么N+1人才构成同谋罪） voluntary manslaughter 故意杀人 voluntary intoxication 故意醉酒 victim/witness assistance programs 服务组织提供的对犯罪受害人及证人的安慰及帮助 victims rights 刑事司法过程中受害人的基本权利 victimless crime 无受害者犯罪 victim impact statement 受害人影响陈述 vehicular homicide 车祸致人死命罪 uttering

37、故意提供或传递伪造文件罪 unlawful assembly 非法集会 Uniform Determination of Death Act (UDDA) 统一死亡判定法案 truth in sentencing 判决及释放之间 trespassory taking 非法盗窃 treason 叛国罪 three-strikes legislation 重罪加长刑期法 theft of computer services 非法窃取计算机服务 tangible property 有形资产 several crimes 数罪several offenses of a kind 同种数罪syndrom

38、e-based defense 基于综合症的犯罪 sudden passion 突然情感爆发（可能导致故意杀人） substantive criminal law 实体刑法 subornation of perjury 非法教唆他人作伪证 strict liability crimes 严格责任犯罪（无犯罪意图或过错仍然有罪） accomplice ： 同案犯adult business district ： 红灯区agricrime ： 农业犯罪armed robbery ：武装抢劫arrest warrant ： 逮捕证assault ： 袭击attack dog ： 攻击犬back-al

39、ley butcher ：卑鄙的屠夫bail ：保释金blackmail scandal敲诈丑闻/ black market blood money ： 血腥钱body bag ： 装尸袋guilty of bribery行贿受贿罪bum rap ： 错捕career criminal ： 职业罪犯child abuse ： 虐待儿童computer cleaner：消除财务信息的电脑黑客con artist ：行骗高手 con game ： 骗局credit-card fraud ： 信用卡欺诈date rape ： 约会强奸domestic violence ： 家庭暴力drunk dri

40、ving ： 酒后驾驶first-degree murder ： 一级谋杀案hijack劫持/ blackjack /skyjacking/carjackinghit-and-run accident肇事逃逸案homicide of a prostitute妓女被杀hold-up ： 持枪抢劫impulse crime ： 冲动犯罪juvenile delinquency ： 青少年犯罪arrested for larceny：偷盗被捕（pickpocket ）Mafia ： 黑手党money laundering ： 洗钱organized crime ： 集团犯罪perjury ： 伪证p

41、olice corruption ： 警察腐败pornoshop ： 色情商店sin tax ：罪孽税statutory rape ：法定强奸罪suicide season ：自杀季节tax evasion ：逃税white-collar crime ：白领犯罪诉讼法律 (a b)案件发回 remand a case (to a low court) 案件名称 title of a case 案卷材料 materials in the case 案情陈述书 statement of case 案外人 person other than involved in the case 案值 total

42、 value involved in the case 败诉方 losing party胜诉方 winning party办案人员 personnel handling a case 保全措施申请书 application for protective measures 报案 report a case (to security authorities) 被告 defendant; the accused 被告人最后陈述 final statement of the accused 被告第二次答辩 rejoinder 被害人 victim 被害人的诉讼代理人 victims agent ad

43、litem 被上诉人 respondent; the appellee 被申请人 respondent 被申请执行人 party against whom execution is filed 被执行人 person subject to enforcement 本诉 principal action 必要共同诉讼人 party in necessary co-litigation 变通管辖 jurisdiction by accord 辩护 defense 辩护律师 defense attorney/lawyer 辩护人 defender 辩护证据 exculpatory evidence;

44、 defense evidence 辩论阶段 stage of court debate 驳回反诉 dismiss a counterclaim; reject a counterclaim 驳回请求 deny/dismiss a motion 驳回上诉、维持原判 reject/dismiss the appeal and sustain the original judgment/ruling 驳回诉讼 dismiss an action/suit 驳回通知书 notice of dismissal 驳回自诉 dismiss/reject a private prosecution 驳回自诉

45、裁定书 ruling of dismissing private-prosecuting case 补充答辩 supplementary answer 补充判决 supplementary judgment 补充侦查 supplementary investigation 不公开审理 trial in camera 不立案决定书 written decision of no case-filing 不批准逮捕决定书 written decision of disapproving an arrest 不起诉，撤回诉讼 nol. pros. 不予受理起诉通知书 notice of dismissal of accusation by the court (c d)财产保全申请书 application for attachment;application for property preservation 裁定 order; determination (指最终裁定) 裁定管辖 jurisdiction by order 裁定书 order; ruling 裁决书 award 采信的证据 admitted evidence 查封 seal up