2022年高考英语一轮复习语法专题情态动词外研版.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载语法专题六 情态动词情态动词表示说话人的语气和心情,本身词义不全, 不能单独作谓语,后面必需与动词原形一起构成谓语；情态动词没有人称和数的变化,但有的情态动词有过去式；考点一 can 与 could 1表示才能,但 could 主要指过去的才能；表示“ 过去有才能胜利做成某事” 时通常 用 was/were able to；The little boy can speak two foreign languages. Could the girl read before she went to school. Everyone

2、 was able to escape when the fire broke out. 2表示可能（理论上或是规律判定上,并不涉及此事真的发生）时候可能会” ,常用于确定句中；Accidents can happen on rainy days. 3表示恳求和答应；在问句中 could 语气比 can 要委婉；You can go back home now. ,常译为“ 往往会,有4表示惊奇、怀疑、不信任等态度；主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中；How can you be so careless. 5表示估计,常用于否定句和疑问句中,语气较强；He cant be in the clas

3、sroom；the light is not on. 6cannot/never.too/enough.表示“ 再 也不为过” ；You can never be too careful when driving a car. 7cannot but do sth./cannot help but do sth./cannot choose but do sth. 表示“ 不得不,只好做某事” ；You cannot choose but go with me. 考点二 shall 1用于其次、三人称的陈述句中,表示命令、许诺、警告、强制、威逼、决心等；此 外,颁布法律、规定时也用 shall

4、 ；The new law shall come into effect next mont h. 2用于第一、三人称的疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的看法或向对方指示；Shall the man standing outside have a try. 考点三must mustnt表示禁止；对比：have to表1表示主观上的“ 必需,应当” ,其否定形式示客观上的“ 不得不” ,可用于各种时态；You must listen carefully in class.Students mustnt play with mobile phones in class. I had lost my k

5、ey, so I had to wait outdoors. 2表示“ 非要,偏要” 做某事,表达出说话者的一种不满心情；Why must you be talking so loudly when others are sleeping. 3表示对详细事情的估计,意为“ 肯定,确定” ,语气较强,只用于确定句中；He must come from America. should 考点四 1表示义务,常译为“ 应当” ,用于各种人称；Parents should take care of their babies. 2表示推测可能性,译为“ 可能,果的一种期盼；（按道理）应当” ,多指对将来合

6、乎抱负的情形或结Its nearly 8 oclock.He should be here at the moment. 3表示惊奇、意外等,常译为“ 竟然,竟然” ；I am surprised that you should speak ill of me. 名师归纳总结 4用在 if条件句中,表示可能性很小的一种虚拟语气,常译为“ 假如” ；第 1 页,共 7 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载If I should see him,I would tell him the news. 考点五will与 would 1表示意愿

7、,用于各种人称的陈述句中；would 常指过去的意愿；If you will read the book,Ill give it to you. 2表示恳求,用于疑问句；would 语气较委婉；Will you close the window. 3表示某种倾向或习惯性动作,常译为“ 总是,惯于” ；would 可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向,后面接表示动作的动词,不能接表示状态的词；对比：used to 表示过去的习惯动作或状态,强调现在已不存在；He would sit in the park which used to be a factory reading for hours.

8、考点六 may与 might 1表示恳求、答应、许可,might 比 may语气委婉；You may use my bike. 2表示估计,常用于陈述句中,语气比较弱,把握性不大；He may go out. might 语气比 may仍要弱；3may as well动词原形,意为“ 最好,倒不如 ” ；You may as well do it at once. 4may well 动词原形,意为“ 完全能,很可能” ；Her appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize at first sight. 5may

9、用于祈使句中,表示希望；May you return in safety. 考点七 need 与 dare 1二者都可以作为情态动词和行为动词；当作情态动词时,后面要接动词原形,通常 用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中；用作行为动词时,其变化和一般的动词相同,有人称和数的变化,构成否定句和疑问句时要借助于助动词 否定句和疑问句时,常省略后面的 to ；do,does,did ；dare 用作行为动词,用于You neednt hurry； he needs to dress up. The little didnt dare（to ）go out at night alone. 2need 作行为动

10、词时,如主语为动作的承担者时用动词的主动形式表示被动意义或用 不定式的被动形式；The house needs repairing.The house needs to be repaired. 3I dare say 为习惯说法,意为“ 我想,大致” ；I dare say she dare not speak to her father in this manner. 考点八 情态动词表估计1can,may,must 皆可用来表示估计；1）在确定 句中都可以用来表示可能性；在含义上“must” 语气最确定,“may” 表示不太确定的可能性,而 can 表示理论上的可能性；2）在否定句中只能

11、用“can not ” 和“may not ” ；“cant ” （不行能）语气比“may not ” （可能不、或许不）更强；3）在疑问句中只能用“can” ,不能用“may” 和“must” ；Accidents can happen on such snowy days.Look,there is some blood on the road；an accident must have ha ppened just now.But it cant have been Mike, for I saw him in the school. 2should 与 ought to 可以表示对将来

12、情形的一种期盼,常译为“ 按理应当” ；He should/ought to be here on timehe started early. 考点九 情态动词 have done 1could have done 的疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为表示怀疑或不愿定,其中 couldnt have done 多用于语气剧烈的否定,意为“ 过去不行能做过” ；could have done在确定句中表示“ 原来能做但却没做” ；The accident could have been avoided；the driver couldnt have slowed down. 名师归纳总结 2ma

13、y/might have done 表示对过去行为的估计,意为“ 可能做过” ；might 所表示第 2 页,共 7 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 的可能性比较弱,此外学习必备欢迎下载might have done 仍可表示“ 本可能做而实际上未做” ,含有稍微的批评语气；You might have given him more help,though you were busy with your work. 3must have done 表示对过去行为的估计,意为“ 肯定,想必做过” ,语气特别确定；It must have rained

14、 yesterday,as the ground is wet. 4should/ought to have done 用于确定句时,表示本该做某事,而实际上未做；用于否定句时,就表示不该做某事反而做了；You oughtnt to have been late for the meeting,as it was very important. 5neednt have done 表示原来不必做某事而实际上却做了；I actually neednt have bought so much foodonly three people came. 6had better have done 用于事

15、后的建议,含稍微批评的口吻,意为“ 当时最好做了某事” ；I had better have started earlier. 1（2022 课标全国高考）I _use a clock to wake me up because at six oclock each morning the train comes by my house. Acouldnt B mustnt Cshouldnt Dneednt 2（2022 全国高考）_ find the money. Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I Acan Bmi

16、ght Cwould D need 3（2022 北京高考）We _ the difficulty together ,but why didnt you tell me. Ashould face B might face Ccould have faced Dmust have faced 4（2022 天津高考）Its quite warm here； we _ turn the heating on yet. Acouldnt B mustnt Cneednt Dwouldnt 5（2022 上海高考）The new law states that people _ drive aft

17、er drinking alcohol. Awouldnt B neednt Cwont D mustnt 6（2022 重庆高考）_ you interrupt now？ Cant you see Im on the phone. Sorry Sir,but its urgent. ACan BShould CMust D Would 7（2022 江苏高考）Days later,my brother called to say he was all right,but _ say where he was. Amustnt Bshouldnt Cwouldnt Dmightnt 8（202

18、2 江苏高考）Happy birthday. Thank you ！Its the best present I _for. Ashould have wished Bmust have wished Cmay have wished Dcould have wished 9（2022 江西高考）with us for dinner. We _ have bought so much food now that Suzie wont be Amay not Bneednt C cant Dmustnt 10（2022 辽宁高考）One of our rules is that every st

19、udent _ wear school uniform while at school. Amight Bcould Cshall Dwill 11（2022 陕西高考）I _ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home. 名师归纳总结 Awont Bcant Ccan D will ,and I 第 3 页,共 7 页12（2022 四川高考）I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinesesaid “ Ni Hao,” just as

20、I_do in China. - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Amust Bmight C学习必备欢迎下载can Dshould 13（2022 全国高考）If you _ smo ke,please go outside. Acan Bshould Cmust D may 14（2022 北京高考）I dont really like James.Why did you invite him. Dont worry.He _ come.He said he wasnt certain what his plans were. Amust not B

21、need not Cwould not Dmight not 15（2022 北京高考）I _ worry about my weekendI always have my plans ready before it comes. Acant Bmustnt Cdarent Dneednt someone gave 16（2022 江苏高考）I left my handbag on the train , but luckily it to a railway official. How unbelievable to get it back！I mean ,someone _ it. Awi

22、ll have stolen Bmight have stolen Cshould have stolen Dmust have sto len 17（2022 福建高考）now. I am afraid you _Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right , in case he comes late for the meeting. Awill Bmust Cmay Dcan 18（2022 浙江高考）Hows your new babysitter. We _ ask for a better one.All our k

23、ids love her so much. Ashould Bmight Cmustnt Dcouldnt 19（2022 四川高考）The police still havent found the lost child , but theyre doing all they _. Acan Bmay Cmust Dshould 20（2022 重庆高考）Why didnt you come to Simons party last night. I wanted to,but my mom simply _ not let me out so late at night. Acould B

24、might Cwould Dshould 21（2022 陕西高考）Will you read me a story,Mummy. OK.You _ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. Amight Bmust Ccould Dshall 22（2022 湖南高考）basketball. No one _ be compared with Yao Ming in playing Oh,you are really his big fan. Acan Bneed C must Dmight 23（2022 辽宁高考）If you _ go

25、, at least wait until the storm is over. Acan Bmay Cmust Dwill 24（2022 江西高考）It _ be the postman at the door.Its only six oclock. Amustnt Bcant Cwont Dneednt 25（2022 河北一般高中教学质监）For those who _ go to college ,there are still hundreds of high-paying jobs that only require a high school d iploma. Acant

26、Bmustnt Cshant Dneednt 26（2022 山西其次次四校联考）Mum,I could hardly keep my eyes open. But you _ be so sleepyyou didnt get up until 9 this morning. Amustnt B shouldnt Cwouldnt D neednt 27（2022 北京东城区示范校综合练习一）My cousin _ be really shy at times even though he is cheerful in general. Ashall Bshould Ccan Dmust 2

27、8（2022 云南昆明摸底）Mum,could I play outside with my friends. 名师归纳总结 If you finish your homework,you_do it. 第 4 页,共 7 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Ashall Bshould C学习必备欢迎下载will Dwould 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载参考答案 1 D A项意为“ 不能够,不行以” ；B 项意为“ 禁止,确定不行” ；C项意为“

28、不应该” ； D项意为“ 不必,不需要” ；依据句意判定应选D项,句意：我没有必要使用闹钟把我叫醒,由于每天早晨六 点钟火车都要从我的房子旁边经过；2A can“ 能够” ；might“ 可能” ； would “ 情愿” ； need “ 需要” ；句意：如果我能找到那笔钱,我准备和约翰一起去欧洲度假；应选 A 项；3C 句意：我们本可以一起面对困难的,但是你为什么不告知我？could have done sth “ 本可以做某事” ； should do sth “ 应当做某事” ； might do sth “ 可能做某事” ,must have done sth “ 肯定做了某事” ,

29、表估计；依据句意可知选 C项；4C 句意：这里现在很温和,我们仍没有必要打开供暖设备；couldnt “ 不能” ；mustnt “ 禁止,不许” ； neednt “ 不必” ； wouldnt “ 不愿,不想” ；5D 句意：这项新法律说, 人们在喝酒之后禁止开车；故此处用 mustnt 表示“ 禁止” ；6C 由第一句可知说话者正忙着,不中意对方的打扰,must 表示与说话者主观愿望相反或表示一种不耐烦的心情,常译成“ 偏要, 偏偏” ； can 表示可能性； should 表示“ 应该” ； would 表示“ 将要,要” ,都不符合题意；句意：你现在偏要打扰我,莫非你没观察我正在打电

30、话吗？对不起,先生；但是有急事；应选 C项；7C mustnt 意为“ 禁止,确定不行” ；shouldnt 意为“ 不应当” ；wouldnt 意为“ 不情愿,不想” ；mightnt 意为“ 可能不,或许不” ；句意：几天后,我弟弟打电话说他很好,但是就是不说他在哪里；8D should have done意为“ 本应当做” ；must have done意为“ 肯定做过” ；may have done 意为“ 可能做过” ；could have done意为“ 本能够做,本可以做” ；依据句意判定应选 D项,表示“ 这是我能够期望得到的最好的礼物” ；9B 句意：既然苏西不与我们一起吃晚

31、饭,我们原本不必买那么多食物；neednt have done 表示原本不必要做某事,但事实上已经做了；10C 句意：我们有一项规定,每位同学在校期间都要穿校服；此处shall表示依据法律、条文、规定必需要做的事情；其他挑选项均无此用法；11B 句意：在我们不在家期间, 你对我儿子的帮忙我感谢不尽；can not 或 can never 与 too much 连用表示“ 再 也不过分” ；应选 B项；12B might 表示可能性；句意：我走近了,听见他们在说汉语；然后我就以在中国可能的打招呼方式说了声“ 你好” ；该” ,均不符合句意；must“ 必需, 偏要” , can“ 能够, 可能”

32、 , should “ 应13C 此处 must 表示“ 偏偏,非要” ；句意：假如你非要吸烟,请到外面去；14D 句意：我真不喜爱詹姆斯,你为什么邀请他？不要担忧,他有可能不来,他说过他对他的方案不确定；might “ 可能” ,可能性较小；由句意可知,选 D项；15D 句意： 我不必担忧我的周末,我总是在周末到来之前做好方案；cant “ 不能” ；mustnt “ 禁止,不许” ； darent “ 不敢” ； neednt “ 不必” ；16B 依据语境可知,手提包失而复得；这里是推测,但并不确定,意为“ 这个手提包可能会被偷” ；might 的可能性小；17B will “ 情愿,要

33、” ,用来表示一个人的意愿；must “ 必需,肯定” ,用来表示必要性； may “ 可以” ； can “ 能够,会” ；由空前的 Im afraid 可知,此处应侧重必要性；句意：我现在通知他日程表的变动吗？唯恐你必需通知他,以免他开会迟到；应选 B 项；18D 句意：你们的新保姆怎么样？我们不行能再请到更好的了；我们的孩子特别喜爱她；“We couldnt ask for a better one.” 中 couldnt 与 better 连用表示“ 不行能更好” ；如 I couldnt agree more. 表示“ 我特别同意” ；应选 D项；19A 句意：警察仍旧没有找到那个失

34、踪的孩子,但他们在尽他们所能去查找他；can“ 能” , 与句意相符； do all they can“ 做全部他们能做 doing all they can do to look for him；的” ；本句完整结构为： theyre 20C 句意：昨天晚上你为什么不去参与西蒙的晚会？我想去,但我妈妈不名师归纳总结 让我晚上那么晚出去；依据句意可知此处考查一种语气,表示“ 不会” 用wouldnt；could 第 6 页,共 7 页not “ 不能” ； might not “ 可能不” ； should not “ 不应当” ；应选C项；- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - -

35、- - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载21D shall 用于二、三人称确定句中,表示说话人的承诺、威逼、命令、警告等语气；此处表示承诺,意为：假如你尽快上床睡觉我就给你读一个故事；22A can 表示才能,意为“ 能够,会” ；句意：在打篮球方面没有人能够跟姚明相比；哦,你真是他的超级粉丝；应选 A项；23C can “ 能,可以” ； may “ 可能,可以” ； must“ 必需,肯定” ； will “ 情愿,要,会” ； If you must（do sth. ）“ （表示虽不赞同但可答应）假如你肯定要 （那么做） ” ,是固定句型；句意：假如你肯定要去,至少也要等到暴风雨停了；

36、应选 C项；24B 依据题中“Its only six oclock.” 可知,时间太早,不行能是邮递员来敲门,所以答案为 B项 cant ,表示针对现在的特别有把握的否定估计；25A 句意：对于那些不能上高校的人来说,仍旧有数以百计的只需高中文凭的高薪工作； cant “ 不能” ；26B 从后面的 you didnt get up until 9 this morning 应当这么困” ,应选 B 项；可知,这里的意思“ 你不27C 句意：我堂兄有时候会特别害羞,尽管他通常特别轻盈；can 表示特定情形下的可能性；28A 答语句意：假如你做完了作业,你就可以出去跟伴侣玩；此处表示承诺,且主名师归纳总结 语为其次人称,故只有A 项正确；第 7 页,共 7 页- - - - - - -