2022年高中虚拟语气用法详解.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 一、什么是虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种动词形式,表示说话人的一种愿望,假设,怀疑,推测,建议等含义,虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实；If I were you, Id take them away. 假如我是你的话,我就会带走他们；（不行能是你,所以这是不存在的事实,所以用虚拟语气）If I had met Tom, I could have told him. 假如我碰见了Tom,我就告知他了；If I had time, I could come to help you. 假如我有时间,我会来帮忙你的；He suggested that

2、our class should be divided into five groups. 他建议说我们的班应当分成五个小组；He speaks to us as if he had been there. 他给我们讲的似乎他去过那儿；二、虚拟语气的用法虚拟语气在一般用于简洁句,（下面我们分别看一下）宾语从句, 主语从句, 表语从句, 壮语从句以及同位于从句；1 虚拟语气用在简洁句中,表示希望,命令,它的谓语动词就是原形；May you be happy. 祝你幸福；May you have a good time. 希望你玩的爽快；May the friendship between us

3、last long. 希望我们的友情天长地久；Have a good journey. 希望你旅途开心！You go out！ 你出去！2 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中；在 suggest, advise, propose, insist, demand, desire, request, require, decide, order, command 等动词后的宾语从句中,要用虚拟语气,表示建议、要求、打算或命令等,其谓语动词形式为should+动词原形,其中 should 可以省略,主句中的时态不限；We proposed that the medicine should be cleaned

4、again. 我们提出把那台机器再清洗一次；The captain ordered that we should leave the village before daybreak. 上尉下令叫我们在天亮前离开村庄；The students requested that the teachers sing a song at the English evening. 同学们要求老师们在英语晚会上唱一支歌；The workers demanded that their pay should be raised. 工人们要求增加工资；He insisted that John should do

5、the job. 他坚决要求约翰干这项工作；She suggested that the meeting should be put off till next week. 周；她建议会议应当推迟至下一留意 insist 作“ 力言” 、“ 强调” 解时宾语从句不用虚拟语气；Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. 迈克力言他从未偷过东西；只有当作“ 坚决要求”、“ 坚持要” 解时宾语从句才用虚拟语气；I insist she go there with her mother. 我坚持要她同她母亲到那儿去；Suggest 作“ 示意” 、

6、“ 说明” 解时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气；Her pale face suggested that she was seriously ill. 惨白的脸上可以看出,她病得很厉害；只有当 suggest 作“ 建议” 解时,才用虚拟语气；第 1 页 共 4 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - We suggested that the sports meet should be put off until next Saturday. 我们建议把运动会推迟到下星期六；在动词 wish 后面的宾语从句中,表示不行能实现的

7、愿望；汉语一般可译为“ 但愿 ”,“ 可惜 ” ,“ 悔不该 ”,“ 就好了” 等；在宾语从句中,表示现在不行能实现的愿望时,谓语动词用过去式（动词 be 的过去式用were）；I wish it were spring all the year round. 要是一年到头都是春天该多好啊！I wish I could help you. 但愿我能帮忙你；如表示过去未能实现的愿望时,谓语动词就用过去完成式（had+过去分词）；She wishes she had been here last week. 她想要是她上星期在这里就好了；表示与将来事实可能相反的愿望时,谓语动词一般用 would+

8、 动词原形；I wish you would be more careful in future. 期望你今后会更当心一些才好；在 would rather/sooner （宁愿）,would prefer （期望）后面的宾语从句中,表示与现在事实或将来可能相反愿望时,谓语动词用过去式；表示过去未能实现的愿望时,谓语动词就用过去完成式,同；I would rather he came next Saturday. 我宁愿他下星期六来；I would prefer he didn t stay there too long. 我倒期望他在那儿不要呆得太久；3 虚拟语气用在主语从句中；在句型 It

9、 is important necessary, strange, impossible, natural that . 中, that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用：should + 动词原形；Its necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散漫步；Its natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的；Its important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照料好病人；在句型 It is a pity a shame, no

10、wonder, better that . 中,that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用：should + 动词原形；It was a great pity that you should have made so many mistakes in your math exercise. 太遗憾 了,你竟然在数学练习中犯了那么多错误It will be better that she stay with her grandmother. 她和她的祖母在一起就好了；在句型 It is suggested requested, proposed, ordered that . 中,that 后面的从句中

11、的谓语动 词用：should + 动词原形；It was suggested that the sports meet be put off until next Saturday. 下星期六；大家建议把运动会推迟到It is desired that we should get everything ready by tonight. 期望我们到今晚将一切预备就绪；It was ordered that the medicine be sent there by plane. 命令立刻用飞机把药送往那里；4 虚拟语气用于表语从句中；由 suggestion, order, advice, d

12、esire, idea, request, proposal 等名词做主语的句子里,其表语录从句用虚拟语气表示建议、命令或要求等；从句中的谓语动词形式为 中 should 可以省略；My advice is that more trees should be planted around the village. 种些树；Their proposal is that we should set up a spare time school for them. 第 2 页 共 4 页should+动词原形,其我的建议是在村庄四周多他们的提议是要我们为他名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第

13、2 页,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 们成立一所业余学校；His idea is that we should discuss the report. 他的看法是我们应争论一下这个报告；5）虚拟语气用于同位语从句中；作名词 suggestion, order, proposal, idea, plan 等的同位语从句中用虚拟语气,其谓语动词的形式为 should+动词原形,其中 should 可以省略；例如：We all agreed to his suggestion that we should go to Beijing for sightseeing. 我

14、们都同意他的看法,去北京观光；What do you think of the idea that we should begin the second experiment at once. 你认为我们立刻开头其次次试验的看法怎么样？总结上面的几点,其实大家应当看到了,只要涉及建议,要求,期望等一些词,如 suggest, advise, propose, insist, demand, desire, request, require, decide, order, command ,就要用虚拟语气；但是仍是要留意,有些词只要在表示建议,要求时才使用虚拟语气,刚才已经见过了,如 sugge

15、st, insist； 6 虚拟语气用在（条件）状语从句中；与现在事实相反从句be 的过去式主句动词的过去式（would/ should/ could/ might + 与过去事实相反一般用 were）动词原形had + 过去分词would/ should/ could/ might + have + 过去分词与将来事实相反 动词过去式, should + 动词原 would/ should/ could/ might + 形, were to + 动词原形 动词原形If I were you, I should buy it. 假如我是你,我就买了它；（现在）If I had time, I

16、 would study French. 假如我有时间,我会学习法语的；（现在）If she knew English, she would not ask me for help. （现在）假如她懂英语的话,她不会找我帮忙的；If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train. 假如你早一点起床, 就会赶上火车的；（过去）If it were fine tomorrow, I would go shopping. 假如明每天气好,我就去买东西；（将来）留意的几个问题：1）并不是 if 引导的条件从句都是虚拟语气；假如 真实条件

17、句；反之,就是虚拟条件句if 从句所指的事很有可能发生,那么这是If you study hard, you will surely pass the examination. 真实条件句 If I were a bird, I could fly freely in the sky. 虚拟条件句 2）有时 if 引导的状语从句可以省略 if,而把从句中的动词 were, had 或 should 移到主语前面 ,有时 did 和 would, should 也可以提前；Were she younger, she would do it . 假如她年青点,她就会干的；Had he known

18、her address, he would had gone to visit her. 的；第 3 页 共 4 页假如他知道她的地址,他会去看她名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Did time permit, we might go there. 假如时间答应,我们可以去那；3）有时表示虚拟语气的条件从句或者主句都可以省略,而只剩下一个主句或者一个条件从 句；I could help you. 我原来可以帮忙你；If I had time. 我要有时间该多好啊！She should have come to th

19、e party. 她应当来参与聚会；4）虚拟语气中,条件从句的动词动作可以和主句的动词动作时态不一样；If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 会简洁些；假如他们以前努力学习的话,现在干的就If he had not taken my advice, he wouldnt do it much better like this. 假如他不听取我的建议,他就不会干得这样好；5）由 as if 或 as though 引导的状语从句或表语从句中,也用虚拟语气（过去时或过去完成 时）；She loves the child as i

20、f he were her own. “ How wild his white hair lookedas if it had been electrified. ” She feels as if/as though she were in danger. 假如表达的内容接近事实的可能性大,一般也可用陈述语气；It looks seems as if/as though it is going to rain. 6）在 It is high/about time that It is time we went to bed. 从句中,谓语动词用一般过去式得虚拟语气；Its about time you began your work. 第 4 页 共 4 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 4 页