最新整编汇总版人教新目标英语八年级下册Unit10考点重要材料知识材料点作文资料整编汇总.doc

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1、-/新目标英语八年下考点,重点,知识点,作文整理Unit 10 Ive had this bike for three years.本单元考点,重点一个：现在完成时态 一.非延续性动词转化为延续性动词：英语中的动词根据词汇意义可分为动作动词和状态动词,其中动作动词又可细分为终止性动词(或称为瞬间动词、非延续性动词、界限性动词)和持续性动词(或称为延续性动词),表示动作一发生即告结束的动词叫终止性动词(非延续性动词)。表示持续一段时间的动词叫持续性动词。现在完成时中,非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用,通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。他们的对应关系如下：leave

2、be away from离开, finish/end/stop be over结束/完成,join the army be in the army/ be a soldier 入伍,join the Party be in the Party/be a Party member入党,go to school be in school 上学, fall asleep/ get to sleep be asleep睡着,catch/get a cold have a cold 感冒, go abroad be abroad去国外,begin/start be on开始, become be成为,b

3、uy have买, marry be married to结婚,wake up be awake醒, lose be lost 丢失,make friends with be friends with交朋友, borrow keep借, open/close/die be open/ be closed/ be dead 打开/关闭/死,put on wear穿, get up be up起床,get to know know认识,知道, come/arrive/reach be here/be in/be in 来/到达,go be there去, catch a cold have a c

4、old感冒.例如：(1)我买一本英语书已经三周了。 误：I have bought an English for three weeks.正：I have had an English for three weeks.(2)我哥哥参军两年了。 误：My brother has joined the army for two years.正：My brother has been in the army for two years. (3)格林先生自从上周就来这儿了。 误：Mr. Green has come here since last week.正：Mr. Green has been h

5、ere since last week.二.用句型“Its +一段时间+since +从句”(从句中的谓语动词用非延续性动词的一般过去时)表示。(1)Its ten years since he graduated from college.自从他大学毕业已经10年了。(2)Its two weeks since I borrowed the book from the library. 自从我从图书馆借到这本书已经两周了。三.现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别: 1.一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,且这一动作到说话时已终止,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情

6、对现在的影响,强调的是影响。2.一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语,一般过去时的时间状语有：yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(month/ year/ Monday), ago, in 2001, just now, yesterday morning, the other day等具体的时间状语,用when或where对这些时间和地点状语提问时, 用一般过去时。而现在完成时的时间状语有：for ten days, for a week, for a long time, since

7、yesterday, since ten days ago, so far, ever, never, just, already, yet, till/until, up to now, until now, in(during) the pastyears, always等。如：He lived in the house in 1990. 强调居住动作发生过了,不涉及现在的情况。He has lived in the house since 1990. 强调对现在的影响,现在仍然住在这儿。I read the book last year. 读的动作已经过去。I have read the

8、 book before. 我了解这本书的内容。She returned from Shanghai yesterday.强调她是昨天回来的。She has been back from Shanghai for two days.强调现在她本人在本地。四重点短语,知识点：(P73)1. Ive had this bike for three years.我已经买这辆自行车3年了。此句为现在完成时, buy 是瞬间动词,不能用于表示时间段的完成时,应变为延续性动词have.(1)how long 多长时间 可以对for/since 引导的短语或since 引导的从句进行提问。-How long

9、 has he played basketball? 他打篮球多长时间了？-For three hours.三个小时了。/Since three hours ago.自从三小时前。how often 多长时间一次 对频率提问how soon 多久以后 对 “in+时间段”提问how far 多远 对距离提问(2)since 的用法： since +过去的一个时间点 since +一段时间+ago since +从句 Its +一段时间+since 从句(用一般过去时) since then 从那以后 ever since 自从以来注意：since +时间点 for +时间段2.the thin

10、gs at the yard sale 在庭院拍卖会上的物品 have a yard sale 举行庭院拍卖会 sale n. 降价出售 sell v.卖 in a yard 在庭院里3. more than 10 years 十年多4. keep her old things 保留她旧的东西 keep 用法归纳： keep - kept - kept (1)连系动词 “保持(某种状态)”,后接形容词做表语 keep quiet/ silent (2)行为动词 保管,保存,保留 Please keep these things for me while I am away. 赡养,饲养 I u

11、sed to keep sheep in my childhood. 坚持,继续 接doing 做宾语 If you keep practicing your spoken English, you will soon make great progress. 阻止,阻碍 keep sb./ sth. from doing sth. 阻止某人/物做某事 其中from不可少 The heavy rain didnt keep them from watching the football match.保持。后接复合宾语,表示使(某人或某物)保持某种状态或使某一动作继续keep +sb./ sth

12、. +介词 If your hands are cold, keep them in your pockets.keep +sb./ sth. +adj. These loves will keep your hands warm.keep +sb./ sth. +doing “让某人/物一直.”强调动作的持续性 Im sorry Ive kept you waiting.很抱歉,让你久等了。(3)固定搭配 keep a record 保持记录 keep in touch (with) 保持与的联系 keep out (of) 把关在外面 keep up 保持,时不能入睡 keep ones/

13、 an eye on 密切注视 keep away (from)离开 keep in mind 牢记 keep ones word 遵守诺言5.bring back sweet memories 带给美好的回忆 (1)bring back (v. +adv.)使回想起,使回忆起 (2)sweet adj. 甜蜜的,甜的,含糖的 I think this kind of chocolate is too sweet. n. 糖果 可数名词 复数形式为sweets (3)memory n. 记忆,回忆 in ones memory 在某人的回忆里 in memory of sb. 纪念某人Peop

14、le have short memories. 人都是健忘的。She used to be kind and outgoing in my memory. 在我的记忆中她是善良而外向的。 memorize v.记忆,记住 To memorize a text, you need to read it for several times beforehand. 要记住一篇文章,你需要事先读几遍。6.people in need 需要帮助的人7.give old things away to sb. 将旧东西增送给某人give away 赠送,赠予 ones old things某人的旧东西8.

15、not anymore 不再 = not any more = no more 表示再也不重复过去反复发生的动作,即次数上的“不再”。常与表示具体动作的瞬间动词连用,用于过去或将来时的句子中。I cant stand all this anymore. 我再也无法忍受所有的这些了。 She wasnt afraid anymore. 我不再害怕了。notany longer 不再 = no longer 表示不再继续或再现过去某一时刻发生或存在而一直延续的动作,即时间上“不再”。它常与表示状态的持续性动词连用,常用于过去时、现在时或将来时。 He couldnt wait any longer

16、. 他不能在等了。 You arent a child any longer. 你不再是个小孩儿了。位置区别：当修饰动词时, no more 一般置于行为动词后；no longer 通常置于be或行为动词前；not anymore/ not any more与not any longer常置于句末。 The little girl no more cried. = The little girl didnt cry anymore/ any more. He can no longer walk. = He cant walk any longer.(P74)9.scarf n.围巾,披巾,头

17、巾 - 名词复数 scarves 或 scarfssoft adj. 软的,柔软的 反义词 hard 坚硬的This red sweater is soft. 这件红色的毛衣很柔软。10.fit sb. 适合某人11.welcome to 欢迎来到 a couple of “一些,几个” = a few = several 后接可数名词复数形式 I will be back in a couple of days. 一些天 a couple of apples 几个苹果 a couple of “一对,一双,夫妇” 指夫妻,情侣；指任何两件同类的东西 a pair of 指两件不能分开使用的东

18、西,如鞋shoes,袜socks,手套gloves,裤子trousers/ pants,剪子scissors/ shears/ clippers等。12.a bit 有点儿,稍微 修饰形容词,副词= a little = kind of a bit of 少量,一点儿 其后接不可数名词 = a little 13.check v. 检查,核实 check out 察看,观察 check in 登记 You can check out his website. 你可以看看他的网站。 check n. 检查,调查,审查 You should have a health check. 你应该进行一次

19、体检。14.a bord games 棋类游戏 one last thing 最后一样东西15.a bread maker 一台面包机(P75)16.grow up 成长,长大 常用于指人或动物17.start junior high school 开始上初中 junior high school 初级中学 senior high school 高级中学18.raise money 筹款19.a childrens home 儿童院20.As they get bigger our house seems to get smaller.随着他们的长大,我们的房子似乎变小了。as 连词 随着;当

20、的时候 引导时间状语从句He shouted aloud as he ran. 他一边跑,一边高声地呼救。 as 连词 引导原因状语从句 “因为,由于” As rain has fallen, the air is cooler. 因为下过雨,空气比较清爽。as 连词 引导让步状语从句 “虽然,尽管”,从句常用部分倒装Strange as it may seem, nobody was injured in the accident. 这次意外虽然显得令人不可思议,却没有人受伤。21.clear v. 清理,清除,把清空 clear out 清理,去掉 clear out from 把从里清出

21、 You are supposed to clear out the room by tomorrow. 你得在明天之前把房间腾空。 clear adj. 明白清楚的, 清晰易懂的,明显的,晴朗的,无云的 Is that clear? 听明白了吗？It is clear that she is lying. 显然她在说谎。The clear blue sky in this country impressed me a lot. 这个县城的晴朗碧空给我留下很深的印象。clean up 清理,使清洁22.decide v. 决定 decision n.决定 decide to do sth.=

22、make a decision to do sth.= make up ones mind to do sth. 决定做某事23.at first起初play with his old toys 玩他的旧玩具24. own a train and railway set 拥有一套火车铁路装备a railway set 一套火车轨道 railway station 火车站own v .拥有owner n.物主 of ones own 某人自己的 the own of 的所有者25.since birth自从诞生起 lose his toy monkey 失去他的玩具猴 lose - lost -

23、 lost26.more understanding更谅解,更宽容27.feel sad to do sth. 做某事感到难过28. part v. 离开,分开 part from sb. 与某人分别/分离 part with sth. 放弃,交出(尤指舍不得的东西) I hate being parted from him. 我讨厌和他分开。 Its hard for my son to part with his favorite balls. 要我儿子交出他最喜欢的球很难。29.certain adj. 某种,某事,某人 用在不用提及某些细节时。在句子做定语,常与不定冠词a连用,可修饰单

24、、复数名词 A certain person called on me yesterday. adj.确实的,无疑的 (1)be certain (sure) + of 对有把握 They are certain of success. (2)be certain to do sth. 肯定做某事 He is certain to come. (3)be certain (sure) + that 从句 确信 Im certain that hell come.for certain 一定,确实 certainly adv.无疑,当然30.as for sb. 对而言,至于 常用来引出一种不同

25、的情况。 as for 介词短语 后接名词,代词,动名词做宾语 They think life is hard. As for me, I think its full of challenges. 他们认为生活是困难的。对我来说生活充满挑战。31.(1)honest adj. 诚实的,真实的,正直的 反义词 dishonest 不诚实的 an honest boy 一个诚实的男孩 honest第一个字母h不发音,它以元音因素/开头,所以前面的冠词用an. to be honest 老实说,说实在的 = to tell (you) the truth Her action declared h

26、er to be an honest woman. 她的行为足以说明她是一个诚实的女人。 (2)honesty n. 诚实,老实,正直 She answered all my questions with honesty. 她诚实地回答了我的所有问题。 (3)truthful adj.诚实的,真实的 a truthful child 一个诚实的孩子true adj.真正的 truth n.真理,真相 truly adv.真正地,确实地32. play for a while 玩一会while n. 一段时间,一会儿 for a while 一会儿,一段时间 a little while 一会儿

27、 quite a while 一阵子 They talked for a while. 他们聊了一会儿。 She said she would be back in a little while. 她说她一会儿就回来。She likes to lie down for a while after lunch. 她喜欢午饭后躺一会。33. get old变老34.do with“处理,处置，对付(某人或某物)”,强调处理的对象,常与what连用 I dont know what to do with these letters. deal with “处理,应付”，强调处理的方式,方法,常与ho

28、w连用 He taught me how to deal with pressure.(P76)35.three days ago 三天前 on Monday 在周一36.since 2009 从2009年起 since three days ago 从三天前以来since Monday 从周一起 since last November 从去年的十一月起37. the Li family 姓李的一家人 38. move to 搬到39. next year 明年40. one of the oldest buildings 最古老的建筑之一(P77)41. a primary school 一

29、所小学42. restaurant down the street 街边的餐馆43. lovely adj.可爱的,令人愉快的 He has a lovely daughter.他有一个可爱的女儿。lively adj.活跃的,生动的 I like my English teacher. Her class is lively.我喜欢我的英语老师。她的课很生动。44. a concert hall 一家音乐厅45. Its been around for at least 20 years.它至少存在约20年了。 around adv.出现,现有,可用46.at least 至少 Tom li

30、kes reading. He read at least 30 books last year.汤姆喜欢读书。他去年至少读了30本书。at most 至多,不超过There were at most twenty people in the classroom. 教室里最多有20个人。(P78)47.millions of. 数百万的48.once or twice a year 一年一两次49.nowadays adv. 现今,现在,目前 常在句子中作状语,表示时间 Nowadays, many teenagers are fond of pop music. 现今,许多青少年喜爱流行音乐

31、。50.search (1)v. 搜索,搜查 通常与介词for 连用 search for“搜寻,寻找”相当于look for search for work in the cities 在城里找工作 You can use the Internet to search for useful information. 你可以利用网络搜索有用的信息。 search 后接人时,指“搜某人的身”;后接地点时,指“搜查某处” search for.“为而搜查” (2)n. 搜索,搜查 不可数名词He went in search for a doctor for his sick wife. 他去为他

32、生病的妻子找医生。51.among prep. 在其中,之一 可用来表示一个比较的范围=one of He is among the last to leave. 他是最后离开的人之一。 There is a wooden house among the trees. 树林中有一座木头房子。 among 与 between among 表示在三者或三者以上之间 The teacher is sitting among her students. 那名老师坐在她的学生中间。between 表示两者之间,也可表示三者或三者以上的两两之间。常与and 搭配使用。 My seat is between

33、 Lilys and Amys. 我的座位在莉莉的座位和埃米的座位之间。52.return home 返家53.shame n.羞耻,羞愧,惭愧 She was full of shame at her behavior. 她对自己的行为感到羞愧。 Its a shame to do sth./ Its a shame +从句54.regard with great interest 以极大的兴趣关注着 regard v. 将认为,把视为 be regard as 被认为是 He was regarded as the most successful businessman. 他被认为是最成功

34、的商人。55.send teachers from cities 从城里派遣教师56.count v. 数数,计算 count in 把计算在内 count up 计算,算出总数 He was counting slowly. 他正在慢慢地数着数。 Now count up your total. 现在计算一下总额。n. 计数,计算 By the governments count, there about 20 schools in this area. 据政府统计,这个地区有大约20所学校。57.since the mid-20th century 自二十世纪中期始58.stay the

35、same 保持不变59.according to Zhong Wei对钟伟来说 according to根据,依照 to是介词 后接名词,代词或从句according to sb. 对某人来说,据某人所说.此处相当于in ones opinion.According to Ann, its a great movie. 据安所说,这是一部很棒的电影。according to 依据,按照 According to the timetable, the train gets in at 8:27. 根据时刻表,火车8:27进站。60.opposite the school 在学校对面 opposi

36、te prep. 相当于 across from opposite adj.对面的,另一边的,相反的 adv.在对面 n.对立面,对立物 Hang the picture on the wall opposite the window. 把画挂在窗户对面的墙上。 There was a garden on the opposite side of the street. 街的对面有个花园。 be opposite from 与相反 opposite to在的对面,和相反61.in my time 在我的时代62.especially adv.尤其,特别,格外 especial adj.特别的,

37、特殊的 The roasted duck here is especially beloved. 这里的烤鸭尤其受欢迎。63.a happy childhood 一个快乐的童年 childhood n.童年,幼年 (P79)64.look for 寻找65.consider v.仔细考虑 相当于think about v.认为 相当于think 常用结构：consider +名词/代词/动名词/从句 Youd better consider my suggestion. 你最好考虑我的建议。 Have you considered what he suggested? 你们考虑他的建议了吗？c

38、onsider +疑问词+不定式。 He was considering what to do next. 他在考虑下一步怎么办。66. in ones opinion 依看 67. these days 目前;现在68. for the last 13 years 在过去的13年里 69. in order to 为了(P80) 70.ride a bike 骑自行车 71.so far 迄今;到现在为止72.since moving to China 自从搬到中国以来 73.since then 自那以后五.重点句型:1. How long have you. ?How long have

39、 you had that bike over there? 那边的那辆自行车你买了多久了？ 2. sb. has/have done sth. for.Amy has had her favorite book for three years. 艾米拥有她最喜欢的书3 年了。3. sb. has/have done sth. since.Hes owned it since his fourth birthday. 自他4 岁生日起，他拥有这个东西了。4. Some Others.Some people still live in their hometown. However, other

40、s may only see it once or twice a year. 有些人仍然住在家乡。然而，另一些人可能一年只能回家乡一两次。六.书面表达:请根据下面提示，用英语写一篇短文。提示：1.家乡风貌和人们生活的变化。 2.作为一名即将升入九年级的学生，应该做到遵守规章制度，努力学习，与同学友好相处，参加体育活动。要求：1.自由发挥，词数70左右。 2.短文开头已给，不计入总词数。提示词：change, new buildings, be proud of, should, obey, rules, be friendly to, do sports These years, our h

41、ometown and schools have changed a lot. Our lives are getting better and better. There are more and more new buildings in our hometown. We are proud of our country. What should we do to make our country richer and stronger? As students, I think we should obey the school rules and study hard. And we should be friendly to each other. We must do sports to keep healthy, such as playing basketball, playing football, running and so on.