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1、Section Discovering Useful Structures & Listening and Talking基础知识 预习自检.重点词汇1battery n. 电池batteries n(pl.) 电池2confirm vt. 确认；使确信confirmation n证实；确认confirmed adj. 成习惯的；根深蒂固的3press vt. 按，压；敦促pressure n. 压力；困扰under_pressure 在压力下；承受压力4the_World_Wide_Web 万维网5in_shape 状况良好6keep_track_of 掌握的最新消息；了解的动态7get_d
2、iscounts 获得折扣8bank_account 银行账户.教材原句1Much_has_been_written (已经写了很多) about the wonders of the World Wide Web.2Have_you_pressed (你已经按下了吗) the button yet to copy the file?3Look at the way your face has_been_washed (已经洗过了)4Laura needs an app that will help her get_discounts (获得折扣)5I believe this app cou
3、ld help me get_thinner (变瘦)6Both of Xiao Bos apps keep_track_of (记录) the steps he takes.7You get a message whenever there_has_been_an_update (有更新)8Theyve built a kind of new PC with_more_functions (有更多功能的)9I have_downloaded (已经下载了) the software to help my phone battery last longer.10Look at the way
4、the paths have_been_swept (被扫过)重点知识 合作探究1press vt. 按，压；敦促 (教材P30)归纳拓展(1)press (sth./sb./yourself) against sth. 使紧贴于press sth. into/onto sth. 将塞进；把按入press sb. to do sth. 敦促某人做某事press sb. into doing sth. 迫切要求/勉强某人做某事press sb. for sth. 催促/逼迫某人做某事press for sth. 迫切要求press sth. on sb. 勉强某人接受；促某人吃(或喝)(2)n.
5、 报章杂志；报刊；印刷媒体the press/the Press 记者；新闻工作者；新闻界 press conference 媒体记者会；记者招待会He pressed his back against the door.他后背紧紧靠在门上。All his family pressed_him_to_receive the job as soon as possible.全家人都催促他尽快接受这份工作。They continued to press_for a change in the law.他们不断要求修改这项法律。The story was reported in the press
6、and on television.这件事已在报刊和电视上报道了。(1)单句语法填空He pressed his face _ the window.They agreed to press _ the conference to deal with the problem.They are pressing us _ (make) a quick decision.答案：againstforto make(2)单句写作他把一枚硬币塞进她手里，然后继续向前走。He _ her hand and moved on.不要勉强自己做不喜欢的事情。Dont let yourself _ somethi
7、ng you dont like.答案：pressed a coin intobe pressed into doing2in shape 状况良好(教材P31)归纳拓展(1)in (good) shape (身体)状况良好；(事物)情况良好in bad shape 状况不佳；情况糟糕out of shape (因受损、处理不当等)变形的，走样的；身体不好的；不健康的in the shape of . 呈形状；以的形式take shape 形成；成形(2)in case 以防(万一)；免得in line 准备就绪in vain 徒劳in one word 总而言之in fact 事实上in d
8、anger 处于危险中in advance 事先；提前I must get in_shape,_otherwise I will lose the game. 我必须保持良好的状态，否则会输了比赛。The rails were twisted out_of_shape by the earthquake. 地震发生后，铁轨扭曲得变形了。He said I should not make such an important decision when I was in_bad_shape.他说，我不应当在状况不佳时做出如此重要的决定。It became obvious that all her
9、complaints were in_vain.很明显她所有的抱怨都是白费口舌。(1)单句语法填空When we say someone is _ good shape, we mean they are physically sound.I get out of breath when I run because Im _ of shape.答案：inout(2)单句写作既然你身体状况良好，也许可以开始一项新的运动，比如攀岩。Now that youre _， you might take up a new activity, such as rock climbing.答案：in (goo
10、d) shape3discount n. 折扣vt. 打折(教材P31)归纳拓展at a discount 打折；以一定折扣get/give/offer a discount (on/off sth.) (对于)得到/给予/提供折扣 discount prices 折扣价These shirts are sold at_a_discount because some sizes are not available. 这种衬衣断码了，所以打折出售。We may give a discount_on a large order. 大量订购的话我们可以给折扣。Tour prices are_bein
11、g_discounted.旅游价格正在打折。(1)单句语法填空She bought lots of clothes _ a discount. Can you give me some discount _ this set of silk pajamas?All CDs were discounted 23% _ the marked price.答案：atonoff(2)单句写作如果你买十本以上，他们通常给你打折。They usually _ if you buy more than ten copies. 答案：give you a discountGrammar现在完成时的被动语态单句
12、语法填空1We wont start the work until all the preparations _ (make). 答案：have been made2Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement _ (reach) so far by the two sides. 答案：has been reached3In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat _ (cut). 答案：has been cut4Sh
13、akespeares play Hamlet _ (make) into at least ten different films over the past years. 答案：has been made5In the last few years thousands of films _ (produce) all over the world. 答案：have been produced6Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the moneymaking jobs they _ (promise) before lea
14、ving their hometowns.答案：have been promised肯定形式主语have/has beendone . 否定形式主语have/has not beendone . 一般疑问式Have/Has主语 beendone .？特殊疑问式特殊疑问词have/has主语 beendone .？1表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，通常与 already, yet, never, recently等副词及时间状语so far, by now, up till now等连用。The room has_already_been_clean
15、ed.这个房间已经被打扫干净了。(现在已经不用打扫房间了。)The doctor hasnt_been_sent_for yet.还没有派人去请医生。(现在应派人去请医生。)2表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在，并可能继续持续下去，常与for或 since等引导的时间状语(从句)连用，或用于how long引出的句子中。The machine has_been_repaired_for two hours.这台机器已经被修两个小时了。(可能还会继续被修。)How long has the project been_carried_out?这项工程已经实施多长时间了？(可能还会继续
16、实施。)3用在时间状语从句中，表示将来某时之前已经完成的动作。Well start as soon as the work has been finished.这份工作一完成我们就动身。1现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别：一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去的某个时间，其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时的被动语态侧重于表示一个被动的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但该动作或状态对现在造成了影响(或产生了结果)。The big fire was_put_out two hours ago.大火在两小时前被扑灭了。(只说明动作发生在过去)The big fire has_be
17、en_put_out.大火已经被扑灭了。(说明动作发生在过去，对现在有影响，“现在火灭了”)2非延续性动词，如borrow, finish, begin, start, buy, marry, open, join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态，例如： The project has been started for three months. (F)The project has been on for three months.(T)工程已开始三个月了。将主动句变为被动句或将被动句变为主动句 My father has re
18、paired the TV set. _Someone has broken the window. _They have asked him some questions. _The cake has been eaten by him. _The door has been locked by him._答案：The TV set has been repaired by my father.The window has been broken by someone.He has been asked some questions by them.He has eaten the cake
19、.He has locked the door.学习效果 随堂演练.单词拼写1Every _ (文件) on the same disk must have a different name.答案：file2Choose printer from the menu and click with the right mouse _ (按钮)答案：button3The _ (功能) of the heart is to pump blood through the body. 答案：function4She left out an important item in her _ (账户)答案：ac
20、count5It has been _ (确认) that the meeting will take place next week.答案：confirmed.单句语法填空1Most flashlights work on two _ (battery). 答案：batteries2Tom _ (pressure) a button and the door closed.答案：pressed3The file _ (download) already.答案：has been downloaded4Your binoculars _ (repair). You may use mine.答案
21、：are being repaired5Ticket prices _ (discount) to as low as $185. 答案：have been discounted.单句写作1对于一支1万人的员工队伍，很难及时了解到所有人的动态。With ten thousand employees, its very difficult to _ them all.答案：keep track of2我回到了良好的状态，比起之前，我现在可以在场上踢得更好了。Im back _ so I can play better than I did before. 答案：in shape3告诉我们你刷牙的
22、方式。Show us the way your teeth _.答案：have been brushed4你确认过你的预订了吗？ _ your reservations? 答案：Have you confirmed5她的健身计划是由一个应用程序制定的吗？ 是的，它是。_ her fitness plan _ by an app?Yes, it has.答案：Has; been made课后课时作业完形填空Computer hackers have now got their hands on mobile phones.A phone virus program can _1_ your ph
23、one do things you have no control over, computer security experts _2_.It might _3_ the White House or the police, or forward your personal address book to a marketing company. Or it could simply eat into the phones operating software, turning it _4_ and erasing your personal information.Similar viru
24、ses have already made mobile phone owners _5_ in Japan and Europe.Mr Hypponen, chief technical officer of a computer security company in Finland, said a virus “can get your _6_ and send them elsewhere. And it can record your _7_.”Mobiles are now able to surf the net, send emails and _8_ software. So
25、 they are an easy _9_ for the same hackers who have sent viruses to computers over the past decade.“Its technically _10_ now，” said Stephen Trilling, director of research at antivirus _11_ maker Symantec Corp based in the US.“If the phone is connected to the _12_， it can be used to transmit threats
26、and _13_ targets just as any computer can.”In Japan, if you opened a certain email message _14_ your mobile phone, it would cause the phone to repeatedly _15_ the national emergency (紧急) number.So phone operators had to _16_ emergency calls until the _17_ was removed.In Europe, the mobilesshort mess
27、age service, _18_ SMS, has been used to send codes that could damage phones.Mobile users can _19_ viruses, of course, by sticking to their traditional phones _20_ web links, some experts said.篇章导读：本文是一篇科技说明文，主要介绍了电脑黑客对手机用户的攻击方式及其带来的影响。1A.get Bforce Cmake Ddamage答案：C从四个选项来看，get/force要用带to的不定式作宾补，而cau
28、se的含义与上下文不吻合，所以此处是make sb. do sth.结构。2A.speak Btalk Ctell Dsay答案：D电脑专家这样说。用及物动词say，前面的直接引语是它的宾语。3A.lead Bcause Ccontrol Dcall答案：D此处指手机感染病毒后乱打电话。用call或dial表示“拨打电话”，故选D。4A.off Bout Cdown Don答案：A此处是用turn off还是turn on？前面有operating, eat into等词表明是在手机处于工作状态时侵入手机操作软件，关闭(turn off)你的手机，消除其中的内容。5A.interested B
29、angry Cexcited Dterrified答案：B使用手机时遇到这种情况，会引起诸多不便，这让你觉得害怕还是生气(angry)呢？当然是后者了。6A.messages Bpassages Cnews Dinformation答案：Amessage和information在意思表达上都可以，根据后面的代词them可知应用messages。7A.voice Bpasswords Cmusic Daddress答案：B本句意为“病毒会到处散发你手机上的信息，还会记下你的密码(passwords)”。8A.make Bdestroy Cdownload Ddevelop答案：C这里讲的是手机的
30、功能，它能上网、发邮件，还能下载(download)软件。9A.job Btask Cmission Dtarget答案：D正是由于手机有上述功能，才能成为黑客的攻击目标(target)。第13空后的targets也是提示。10A.possible Bimpossible Cuseful Dvaluable答案：Ait指上文所讲的事，手机受病毒攻击这件事从技术角度讲是可能的(possible)。11A.hardware Bsoftware Ccomputer Dequipment答案：B既然是antivirus，当然是“杀毒软件(software)”。12A.computer Btelevis
31、ion CInternet Dradio答案：C“如果电话上网就会和电脑一样”，与本文最后一句“电话不和网络连接”形成对比与呼应。13A.strike Bvisit Cinquire Dattack答案：D攻击(attack)目标，这里和上文第9空形成呼应。14A.in Bby Con Dwith答案：C手机上的信息、电视画面等都用介词on。15A.send Bdial Ccount Dpress答案：B这里和第3空所在句子一样，指手机受到病毒袭击后就会不断地拨打白宫、警局等国家紧急电话。16A.cancel Bforbid Cstop Dprevent答案：C这种情况下电话运营商就只好关闭(
32、stop)紧急呼叫服务。17A.bug Bmistake Cfault Demail答案：A直到这个故障被解决。bug网络用语，指系统或程序中隐藏的缺陷或问题。18A.and Bnot Cor Dbut答案：CSMS是前面“short message service”的缩写，此处用or表示“或叫”。19A.stop Bavoid Ckill Dfind答案：B手机用户也可以避开病毒，avoid “避开，躲避”符合语境。20A.beyond Bwith Cover Dwithout答案：D此处表示用传统的没有(without)网络连接的电话。语法填空An article _1_ (describ
33、e) the attitude of post1990s generations toward life has _2_ (recent) become popular on Chinese social media. _3_ using the phrase “Buddhalike youngsters(佛系青年)”， the author shows that some of the post90s generations have seen through life and kept a casual (随意的) and calm attitude toward life. “They
34、have become more casual and cared _4_ (little) about lifes choices.”“It is fine to have something or not, there is no need to fight for or win anything, and they are easy _5_ (satisfy)，” says the article. _6_ classic example is that Buddhalike youngsters do not care about choosing _7_ to eat or wher
35、e to spend a holiday.The phrase _8_ (receive) well by netizens since it was first created. The original WeChat post has been read more than 1 million _9_ (time) and then read more than 60 million on Sina Weibo till now. Its sudden _10_ (appear) and quick popularity show that the post90s generations
36、are under great pressure. “We should pay attention to their needs and create a suitable environment for them to develop，” says Xu Hua, professor of the School of Sociology and Political Science of Anhui University.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。最近，一篇描述90后一代人生观的文章在中国社交网络媒体上疯传。这种面对社会压力的随意与冷
37、静引起了上百万年轻人的共鸣。1describing考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处作定语修饰 article, article与describe之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表主动，故用现在分词。2recently考查词性转换。修饰动词 become，所以用副词形式。3By考查介词。句意：通过使用“佛系青年”这个词，作者指出一些 90后已经看透了生活，对生活保持着一种随意而平静的态度。空格后面是v.ing形式，可知空格处应填介词，根据句意可知此处的介词表示“方式”，故填By。4less考查副词的比较级。根据空格前面的more casual可知空格处用比较级。句意：他们对于生活的选择已经变得更加
38、随意，而且关注地更少。5to satisfy考查非谓语动词。句意：有没有都无所谓，没必要去追求或赢得任何东西，并且他们很容易满足。“beadj.不定式”是固定用法。6A考查冠词。example是可数名词且用了单数，此处又表示泛指的例子，且classic首字母发音为辅音音素，故填不定冠词A。7what考查疑问词。句意：佛系青年不介意吃什么或者到哪里去度假。what to eat是“疑问词不定式”结构，作 choose的宾语。8. has been received考查动词的时态和语态。空格处作谓语，根据时间状语 since it was first created可知谓语动词应用现在完成时，再根
39、据by netizens可知谓语动词用被动语态，故填has been received。9times考查名词。time作“次数”讲时是可数名词，根据空格前面 的 more than 1 million可知应该用复数，故填 times。10appearance考查词性转换。空格前由形容词sudden修饰，说明空格处应为名词，与后面的quick popularity并列作主语，故填appearance。读后续写阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。You are in a beautiful place enjoying the landscape, maybe fishin
40、g, but suddenly the peace and quiet is interrupted by the noisy sound of a cell_phone! Cell phones are everywhere, but some people dont know what the_limits of cell phone use are.As far as I am concerned, its just a matter of education, good_manners and common_sense. If I go to a beautiful place, ju
41、st like the one I mentioned, it is because I want to enjoy nature. I can do it, but without disturbing other people.Nowadays, thats the biggest problem. People disturb others, first with the ringing of their cell phones and then with their_conversations because they usually speak very loudly. Not ev
42、erybody in_a_public_place should have to listen to private conversations. Even more annoying, you hear just one part of the conversation.People need to learn how to use cell phones correctly. If there is an emergency, cell phones are acceptable; but remember that just a few years ago few people had
43、cell phones and the whole society survived! Nowadays people cant seem to live without this kind of technology. They talk in restaurants, in restrooms, in cars, in hospitals, and at parties. Its incredible!But again, not everybody wants to listen to other peoples private conversation. Its like smokin
44、g. Just as people dont want to be bothered by smokers, they dont want to be disturbed by cell phone talkers. Our society has to learn to respect other people. It would be great if loud talking was seen as really bad_manners. The use of cell phones must be_restricted in places such as cinemas, theatres, museums, classrooms and hospita
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