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1、Section Grammarit的用法(一)课前语法感知.教材语法感知教材原句It seems amazing that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometers in an afternoon.Its my birthday in two weeks time and Ill be 82 years old!Your mother tells me that you started smoking some time ago and now you are finding it difficult to give it u
2、p.I know how easy it is to begin smoking and how tough it is to stop.Get help if you need it!探究发现(1)it用法广泛，可以是代词，用来表示时间、天气、距离等，如例句中it指时间，例句中的第二个it指代smoking，例句中it指代help。(2)it可以作形式主语或宾语，如例句中it作形式主语，真正的主语是后边的that从句。例句中第一个it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后边的动词不定式。例句中的两个it都作形式主语。.真题语法感知1(2018浙江高考)Many westerners who come t
3、o China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap _ can be to eat out.答案：it2(2018江苏高考)Well, _ is really great to be back at university again.答案：it3(2017全国卷)I then made _ a point to attend those meetings and learn all I could.答案：it4(2015北京高考)Once the damage is done, _will
4、 take many years for the farmland to recover.答案：it5(2015浙江高考)Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around _.答案：it课堂合作探究名师点津(1)it还可在答语中代替指示代词this和that。Whose dictionary is that?Its mine.那是谁的词典？我的。(2)it用于某些表示喜怒哀乐的动词(如like, enjoy, love, prefer, hate, appreciate等)后作形式宾语，真正的宾语常为wh
5、en, that和if等引导的从句。I hate it when people talk with their mouths full of food.我讨厌人们满口食物说话。【即景活用】(1)单句语法填空Someone is knocking at the door. Who might _ be?What a long way _ is from Beijing to London!_ was nearly midnight when she came back.He was badly hurt, and _ made his mother worry a lot._ is impoli
6、te to talk loudly in public places.I believe it no use _ (read) without understanding.答案：ititItitItreading(2)单句写作吸收过多的脂肪和糖没有好处。_ taking in too much fat and sugar.吸烟会引起癌症是一个人尽皆知的事实。Its a wellknown fact _.结果表明情况很严峻。_ that the situation was quite serious.我发现让人们笑比让他们哭更难。I _ to make people laugh than to
7、make them cry.我们都想当然地认为米勒能成功。We all _ that Miler could succeed.如果你及时打回来电话我会很感激的。I would _ if you could call back in time.答案：Its no goodthat smoking can cause cancerIt turned outfind it more difficulttook it for grantedappreciate it课后演练提能基础题.单句语法填空1Toms mother kept telling him that he should work har
8、d, but _ didnt help.答案：it2They are good friends. _ is no wonder that they know each other so well.答案：It3_ was 4 oclock and the mail still hadnt come.答案：It4The fire made _ difficult to rescue the people trapped under the ruins in the earthquake.答案：it5The Parkers bought a new house but _ will need a l
9、ot of work before they can move in.答案：it.单句改错1Whos that at the door?This is the milkman._答案：ThisIt2All the students find pleasant to study in this school._答案：find后加it3What is said that wisdom is born with a person._答案：WhatIt或said后加is4The train has already arrived, it arrived about an hour ago._答案：it
10、which或it前加and5Langlang said he didnt love that when his mother asked him to play the piano all day long._答案：thatit.单句写作1我的建议是你马上戒烟。_ suggestion that you quit smoking at once.答案：It is my2她突然想起来，钥匙忘在公交上了。 _ occurred to her that she had left her keys on the bus.答案：It suddenly3只要你方便随时过来看我。Come and see m
11、e whenever _ to you.答案：it is convenient4光说不做没什么好处。_ talking without doing anything.答案：Its no good5从这里到雄安有多远？ _ from here to Xiongan?答案：How far is it能力题.阅读理解AAnxiety has now surpassed depression as the most common mental health disease among college students, though depression, too, is on the rise. M
12、ore than half of students visiting campus clinics cite anxiety as a health concern, according to a recent study of more than 100,000 students nationwide by the Center for Collegiate Mental Health at Penn State.The causes range widely, experts say, from mounting academic pressure at earlier ages to o
13、verprotective parents to engagement with social media. Anxiety has always played a role in the development of a students life, but now more students experience anxiety so acute that they are seeking professional help.Anxiety has become a characteristic of the current generation of college students,
14、said Dan Jones, the director of Counseling and Psychological Services at Appalachian State University in Boone, NC. Because of increasing pressures during high school, he and other experts say, students arrive at college preloaded with stress. Accustomed to extreme parental oversight, many seem unab
15、le to govern themselves. And with parents so accessible, students have had less incentive to develop life skills. “They cant tolerate discomfort or having to struggle，” Dr Jones said.More often, anxiety is mild and temporary, the indication of a student under the control of a normal developmental is
16、suelearning time management, for example, or how to handle rejection from a sorority (女生联谊会). Mild anxiety is often treatable with early, modest interventions. But to care for rising numbers of severely troubled students, many counseling centers have moved to triage protocols (分诊措施). That means that
17、 students with less urgent needs may wait several weeks for their first appointments.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了焦虑已成为大学生最常见的心理健康问题，同时介绍了针对此问题的解决方法。1Which of the following contributes to anxiety according to the passage?AOverprotection from parents and teachers.BThe social media pressure.CThe development of
18、students life.DConsiderable learning pressure.答案：D细节理解题。根据题干关键词“contributes to anxiety”定位到第二段第一句可知，原因包括学习上的压力、父母过度的保护以及沉迷于社交媒体。A、B表述与原文不符，故可排除；文中指出焦虑在学生的成长中起着作用，故C项不是导致焦虑的原因。2What does the underlined word “incentive” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?AMotivation. BAttention.CAppreciation. DDirection.答案：A
19、词义猜测题。画线词在第三段倒数第二句，该句前半部分是原因，后半部分是结果。父母的过度保护导致孩子们没有动力去培养生活技能，所以画线词是“动机，动力”的意思。3How do many counseling centers deal with some severely troubled students?ATo send them to some psychological hospitals.BTo teach them how to manage time.CTo move to triage protocols.DTo treat them with early, modest inter
20、ventions.答案：C细节理解题。根据题干关键词“counseling centers”可知答案应定位到最后一段倒数第二句“But to care for rising numbers of severely troubled students, many counseling centers have moved to triage protocols (分诊措施)”，故答案选C。4Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?ACollege Mental Health Centers Overburden
21、ed with Depression StudentsBStudents Burdened with Anxiety Are on the RiseCDifferent Mental Diseases among College StudentsDAnxiety and Mental Problem答案：B标题判断题。全文介绍了越来越多的大学生遭受焦虑这一心理问题的困扰，并分析了其原因及应对办法，故B项“遭受焦虑困扰的学生人数在不断增长”作标题最合适。B(2019辽宁省五校协作高三联合模拟题)“We all know that exercise is good for us, but can
22、you get the benefits without actually doing the exercise？” asks Michael Mosley.Having a hot bath or a sauna is a good way to soothe your arms and legs after exercise, but what happens if you do it instead of exercise? Dr Steve Faulkner of Loughborough University asked me to take part in an experimen
23、t comparing the relative benefits of having a long, hot bath versus an hour of hard cycling.For this study I join a group of volunteers who have all been fitted with monitors which continuously record blood sugar levels. Keeping your blood sugar level within the normal range is an important measure
24、of your “metabolic” fitness.The first part of the experiment is very relaxing, consisting of having a long, hot bath. While I sit in the bath, which they keep at 40， Steve closely monitors my core temperature. Once it has risen and stayed there, I am allowed out.A couple of hours after my bath I hav
25、e a light meal. Since we want to see how having a hot bath compares with exercise we repeat the experiment.So whats the result?“One of the first things that we were looking at，” Steve says, “is the energy expenditure while youre in the hot bath and what we found was an 80% increase in energy expendi
26、ture just as a result of sitting in the bath for the course of an hour.”This is nothing like as many calories as cycling for an hour (which comes out at an average of 630 calories), but we do burn 140 calories, the equivalent of a brisk 30minute walk.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。实验发现，一个小时的热水浴虽然没有骑一个小时自行车所消耗的热量多，但其
27、所消耗的热量相当于半个小时的快步走所消耗的热量。5What is the meaning of the underlined word in Paragraph 2?AExercise. BStrengthen.CRelax. DBuild up.答案：C词义猜测题。结合该句内容和常识可知，在锻炼时，我们的腿和手臂肌肉比较紧张，洗热水澡或桑拿浴可以使这些部位的肌肉得到放松，故选C。6What is the purpose of the experiment?ATo compare energy expenditure of hot bath and cycling.BTo tell peopl
28、e how to lose weight.CTo show the benefit of hot bath.DTo encourage people to have a hot bath instead of cycling.答案：A推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Dr Steve Faulkner of Loughborough University asked me to take part in an experiment comparing the relative benefits of having a long, hot bath versus an hour of hard cyc
29、ling.”可知，做这个实验的目的是把洗热水澡和骑自行车的能量消耗的情况进行对比，故选A。7What does normal blood sugar level mean?AIt means you are healthy.BIt means your temperature is normal.CIt means you dont need exercise.DIt means your metabolic system is normal.答案：D推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Keeping your blood sugar level within the normal range is
30、an important measure of your metabolic fitness.”可知，保持正常范围内的血糖水平是代谢健康的一个重要衡量标准。据此可知，正常的代谢系统与正常的血糖水平有关，故选D。8If you want to burn 600 calories, what can you do?AHave a hot bath for one hour.BCycle for one hour.CHave a brisk 60minute walk.DHave a brisk 30minute walk.答案：B细节理解题。根据最后一段“This is nothing like
31、as many calories as cycling for an hour (which comes out at an average of 630 calories), but we do burn 140 calories, the equivalent of a brisk 30minute walk.”可知，如果要消耗600卡，应骑一个小时自行车，故选B。.语法填空(2018全国卷)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years _1_ (long) than non
32、runners. You dont have to run fast or for long _2_ (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of _3_ (die) early by running.While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it _4_ (be) more effective at lengthening life _5_ walking, cycling o
33、r swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 _6_ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all _7_ (cause)The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise . its probably running. To
34、avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to _8_ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and its always _9_ (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give _10_ a try.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._答案：1.longer2.to see3.dying4.is5.than6.that/which7.causes8.strengthen9.energetic10.it/running
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