2020届人教版高三英语二轮复习测试：题型组合练（三十一） .doc

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1、题型组合练(三十一)阅读理解语法填空短文改错.阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A(2019福建三校高三联考)Air pollution shortens human lives by more than a year，according to a new study from a team of leading environmental engineers and public health researchers.Better air quality could lead to a significant extension of lifespan

2、s(寿命) around the world. It is the first time that data on air pollution and the lifespan has been studied together in order to check how air pollution affects overall life expectancy. The researchers looked at outdoor air pollution from particulate matter (PM) (颗粒物) smaller than 2.5 microns.These pa

3、rticulates can enter deep into the lungs，and breathing PM 2.5 is associated with the increased risk of heart attacks，strokes and cancer.PM 2.5 pollution comes from power plants，cars and trucks，fires，agriculture and industrial emissions(排放物). Led by Joshua Apte，the team used data from the Global Burd

4、en of Disease Study to measure PM 2.5 air pollution exposure and its consequences in 185 countries.They then quantified the national impact on life expectancy for each individual country as well as on a global scale. “The fact that air pollution is a major global killer is already wellknown，” said A

5、pte.“And we all care about how long we can live.Here，we were able to systematically identify how air pollution shortens lives around the world.What we found is that air pollution has a very large effect on survivalon average about a year globally.”In the context of other significant phenomena negati

6、vely affecting human survival rates，Apte said this is a big number.“For example，its considerably larger than the benefit in survival we might see if we found cures for both lung and breast cancer combined，” he said.“In countries like India and China，the benefit for elderly people of improving air qu

7、ality would be especially large.For much of Asia，if air pollution were removed as a risk for death，60yearolds would have a 15 percent to 20 percent higher chance of living to age 85 or older.”1What do we know about PM 2.5 ?AIt has a bad effect on human health. BIt will be controlled in the future. C

8、It mainly comes from industrial emissions. DIt spreads to the world from Asian countries.2What did the researchers do to study how air pollution affects the lifespan?AThey collected accurate information from all the Asian countries.BThey employed the research data to calculate the effect.CThey studi

9、ed the disease and lifespan together time and time again. DThey measured particulate matter much more carefully than before.3What can be inferred from the text?AThe key to people living longer is good air quality. BPeople think air pollution is the most dangerous killer to them. CApte will agree tha

10、t people should take action to deal with air pollution. DFactories should decrease the production of cars to stop air pollution.4What is the best title for the text?AThe way human beings enjoy a longer lifespanBThe importance of getting rid of air pollutionCAsian people are suffering from serious ai

11、r pollutionDAir pollution reduces the lifespan by more than one year体裁：说明文题材：环境保护主题：空气污染导致人的寿命减少一年以上【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，良好的空气质量有益于延长寿命，但是空气污染易导致细颗粒物进入人体肺部，导致心脏病、癌症、中风发病率升高，从而影响人的寿命。1解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“These particulates can enter deep into the lungs，and breathing PM 2.5 is associated with the increas

12、ed risk of heart attacks，strokes and cancer”可知，PM 2.5影响人体健康，故A项正确。答案：A2解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“It is the first time that data on air pollution and the lifespan has been studied together in order to check how air pollution affects overall life expectancy”可知，这是首次将空气污染和寿命数据结合起来研究，以查明空气污染如何影响总体预期寿命。故B项正确。答案：B3解析

13、：推理判断题。根据尾段的内容，尤其是“In countries like India and China，the benefit for elderly people of improving air quality would be especially large”可知，Apte认为改善空气质量对老年人有好处；据此可推知，他会同意人们采取措施应对空气污染，故C项正确。答案：C4解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章第一段第一句“Air pollution shortens human lives by more than a year，according to a new study fro

14、m a team of leading environmental engineers and public health researchers”为全文的主题句，结合全文内容可知，文章通过介绍科学研究，说明空气污染导致人的寿命减少一年以上。故D项最适合作本文的标题。答案：DB(2019长沙四校高三模拟)A tiny Alaska village has experienced a boom in tourism in recent years as polar bears spend more time on land than on Arctic sea ice.More than 2，0

15、00 people visited the northern Alaska village of Kaktovik in 2018 to see polar bears in the wild.The far north community lies in an area where increasingly higher temperature has sped up the movement of sea ice，the primary habitat (栖息地) of polar bears.As ice has gradually moved to deep water beyond

16、the continental shelf，more bears are remaining on land to look for food.Polar bears have always been a common sight on sea ice near Kaktovik，but villagers started noticing a change in the mid1990s.More bears seemed to stay on land，and researchers began taking note of more female bears making homes i

17、n the snow on land instead of on the ice to raise their babies.US Fish and Wildlife Service biologists began hearing reports of the increasing number of polar bears in the area in the early 2000s.As more attention was given to the plight (困难) of polar bears about a decade ago，more tourists started h

18、eading to Kaktovik. The village had fewer than 50 visitors annually before 2011，said Jennifer Reed，of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.“Today were talking about hundreds and hundreds of visitors，many from around the world each year，”Reed said.Most tourists visit in the fall，when bears are forced

19、toward land because sea ice is farthest away from the shore.Bruce Inglangasak，a local hunter who sometimes offers wildlifeviewing tours，said hes been offering polar bear tours since 2004.Most of his clients(客户) are from China and Europe，as well as from the lower 48 US states.Many tourists stay sever

20、al days in the village，which has two small hotels.The villagers have benefited a lot from that.In turn，they provide more effective protection for polar bears with financial support from tourism development.5What causes more polar bears to stay on land in Kaktovik?AFood shortage.BClimate change.CHabi

21、tats movement to shore.DTheir preference for land.6How did common people feel about more sight of bears on land?AExcited.BPuzzled.CConcerned. DShocked.7What can be inferred from the last paragraph?AHotels in Kaktovik are in demand in autumn. BKaktovik has about 50 visitors annually.CInglangasak make

22、s a living as a tour guide.DTourism affects the balance of nature.8Which saying can describe the text?AThe fittest can survive.BAfter a storm comes a calm.CThere is always opportunity in crisis.DEvery coin has two sides.体裁：说明文题材：社会生活主题：北极熊登陆促进旅游业发展【语篇解读】本文是说明文。气候变暖导致海冰融化，北极熊登陆，为阿拉斯加的一个小村庄带来了巨大的人气，促进

23、了当地旅游业发展，当地人又用旅游业的收入为北极熊提供积极的保护。5解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The far north community lies in an area where increasingly higher temperature has sped up the movement of sea ice，the primary habitat(栖息地)of polar bears.As ice has gradually moved to deep water beyond the continental shelf，more bears are remaining on

24、 land to look for food”可知，全球变暖加速了海冰融化，破坏了北极熊原本的栖息地，故越来越多的北极熊待在陆地上以寻找食物，故选B。答案：B6解析：观点态度题。根据第三段的内容可知，随着越来越多的北极熊出现在陆地上，研究人员、生物学家等也越来越多地关注北极熊所处的这一困境，随后，更多游客前往Kaktovik。由此可推知，大众对更多北极熊登陆现象表示关注。故选C项。答案：C7解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Most tourists visit in the fall”“Many tourists stay several days in the village，which

25、 has two small hotels”可知，大多数游客会选择在秋季去Kaktovik游览，而且很多游客会在这个小村庄待上几天，而这个小村庄只有两个小旅馆，故可推知在秋季，Kaktovik的旅馆很抢手。答案：A8解析：推理判断题。通读文章可知，因为全球气候变暖，北极熊被迫登陆来寻找食物以生存下去，这本来是北极熊的困境，然而北极熊登陆却为一个小村庄带来了旅游业的发展，这对小村庄来说是一个机遇，同时，村民又利用旅游业收入为北极熊提供更多保护。因此D项“事物都有两面性”符合语境。答案：D.语法填空阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2019福州高三质量检测)The

26、 information I 1._(collect) in the last few years leads me to believe that speed reading may be less 2._(use) than most people think.The claim that you can read and comprehend over 30，000 words per minute is overstated.One researcher proved this in a study where irrelevant and illogical sentences we

27、re added to the text.The “speed readers” 3._were tested didnt notice the irrelevant linesthe readers who read slowly spotted them immediately.Ive interviewed people who have attended the introductory sessions 4._(offer)by some speed reading courses. 5._ (them)stories indicate that improper methods a

28、re sometimes used to sell the courses.Heres how：First，youre asked to read a passage from a book 6._which most persons would be unfamiliar. Your reading speed and comprehension are tested during this exercise.Then，after about half 7._hour of instruction，another reading test is given.But this time the

29、 reading is the one most educated Americans know wellsuch as Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.Not 8._(surprising)，persons attending these introductory sessions find that their “exit” speed and comprehension are better than their “entry” 9._(perform)Im one of the fiction readers who appreciate the beau

30、ty in good writing.Occasionally Ill read a passage or sentence over and over just 10._(let) the beauty of its construction soak in (渗透)Good writing must be read carefully and thoughtfully to be fully appreciated.体裁：说明文题材：文化生活主题：快速阅读并非那么有用【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。过去几年“我”收集到的信息表明，快速阅读可能没有大多数人认为的那么有用，仔细阅读才能领略文字的

31、魅力。1解析：考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“in the last few years”可知，该处可用现在完成时，意为“过去几年收集到的信息让我相信快速阅读可能没有大多数人认为的那么有用”；收集信息的动作也可以看成从过去开始一直持续到当前的动作，故也可以用现在完成进行时。故填have collected/have been collecting。答案：have collected/have been collecting2解析：考查形容词。句意参见上题解析。根据空前的“be less”及空后的“than”可知，空处应用形容词，故填useful。答案：useful3解析：考查定语从句。分析该句结

32、构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词The “speed readers”，且在从句中作主语，表示人，故用who或that引导该定语从句。答案：who/that4解析：考查非谓语动词。根据空后的“by”并结合语境可知，动词offer和其主语the introductory sessions之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用其过去分词形式作后置定语。答案：offered5解析：考查代词。根据空前一句中的“Ive interviewed people”及空后的“stories”可知，此处表示“他们的故事”，故用形容词性物主代词their。答案：Their6解析：考查介词。分析该句结构可知，该句为“介词关

33、系代词”引导的定语从句，be unfamiliar with sth.为固定用法，意为“对某事物不熟悉”，故空处应填介词with。答案：with7解析：考查冠词。half an hour意为“半小时”，为固定用法，故用不定冠词an。答案：an8解析：考查副词。此处应用副词修饰整个句子，表示“不足为奇的是”，故用surprising的副词形式surprisingly。答案：surprisingly9解析：考查词形转换。根据本句中的“their exit speed”以及空前的“their entry”可知，空处应用名词；performance意为“表现”时可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，故填pe

34、rformance(s)。答案：performance(s)10解析：考查动词的不定式。该句意为：我偶尔会反复地阅读一个章节或者一个句子，仅是为了使其结构之美渗透出来。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，此处表示目的，故用动词不定式。答案：to let.短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()画掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修

35、改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。After school today，I took a walk in the park，depressing and down.I have made considerable efforts win the talent contest，but I only finished fourth.Just while I was crying，a boy in glasses walked by.He noticed me and came over.He played me a piece of Beethovens symphony with his m

36、obile phone.Beside，he said Beethoven wrote it as his hearing grew worse.Hearing his word，I was no longer in tears.I came to realize that if we put all our efforts into that we loved，we could create great things no matter what obstacles were in the front of us.I was true thankful for their encouragem

37、ent.答案和解析：After school today，I took a walk in the park， and down.I made considerable efforts win the talent contest，but I only finished fourth.Just while I was crying，a boy glasses walked by.He noticed me and came over.He played me a piece of Beethovens symphony with his mobile phone.，he said Beetho

38、ven wrote it as his hearing grew worse.Hearing his ，I was no longer in tears.I came to realize that if we put all our efforts into we loved，we could create great things no matter what obstacles were in front of us.I was thankful for encouragement.第一处：depressing改为depressed。考查形容词。句意：今天放学后，我在公园散步，感到沮丧又

39、失落。本句的主语是I，指人感到沮丧的，应用depressed。第二处：have改为had。考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，本文叙述的是发生在过去的事情，所以此处用一般过去时。 第三处：efforts后加to。考查固定用法。make efforts to do sth.“努力做某事”为固定用法。第四处：in改为with。考查介词。句意：当我哭泣的时候，一个戴着眼镜的男孩走了过来。根据语境可知，此处应用介词with，表示“具有，带有”。第五处：Beside改为Besides。考查副词。句意：此外，他还说贝多芬写这首曲子时是他的听力变得更加糟糕的时候。根据语境可知，此处应用Besides。第六处：wo

40、rd改为words。考查名词的单复数。句意：听到他的话后，我不再流泪了。根据语境可知，此处指所说的话，且word是可数名词，故用其复数形式。第七处：that改为what。考查连接代词。分析句子结构可知，此处引导宾语从句，且空处在从句中作宾语，表示“的东西”，所以用what来引导该宾语从句。第八处：删除the。考查冠词。无论前面有什么阻碍，我们都能够做成大事。此处应用in front of(sb.)结构，表示“(某人)面临着(阻碍)”，所以删除the。第九处：true改为truly。考查副词。修饰形容词应用副词，故此处应用true的副词形式truly修饰形容词thankful。第十处：their改为his。考查代词。根据语境可知，此处表示“我真的感谢他的鼓励”。此处指“他的”，故用his。