2019-2020同步北师大英语选修八新突破讲义：Unit 22 Section Ⅵ　Language Points（Ⅲ）（Communication .doc

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1、Section Language Points() (Communication Workshop，Language Awareness，Culture Corner & Bulletin Board).单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1The flower vase looks beautiful, but it is also fragile(易碎的)2It has passed through an interesting procedure of evolution(进化)3The old lady is very considerate(体贴的) to the orphan

2、.4The present state of the countrys finance is very good.5He went into politics(政治) in his early twenties.6They adopted a new technology to recycle the waste.7All the things will be allocated according to peoples contributions.8Anne sharpened her pencil and continued her homework.9We havent calculat

3、ed the real cost of the vacation yet.10The wood had been carved into the shape of a flower.拓展词汇根据词性或汉语提示，写出下列单词1adopt vt.采用；收养adoption n采用，采纳；收养adopted adj.收养的，领养的2consider v考虑；认为considerate adj.考虑周到的，体贴的consideration n考虑3politics n政治political adj.政治的politician n政治家4sharp adj.尖的；锋利的sharpen vt.削尖shar

4、pener n卷笔刀5evolve v进化evolution n进化6calculate vt.计算，算出calculation n计算calculator n计算器.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1all the best祝一切顺利2sum up 总结；概括3as a matter of fact 实际上4break away from摆脱，脱离(某种思想体系、团体、组织)5on the increase 正在增加6deal with 对待；处理7be optimistic about 对乐观8concentrate on集中精力于9at one time曾经；一度10have access

5、to拥有的机会.选词填空用上述短语的适当形式填空1I think hes just going to deal with this problem another day.2This year the company has concentrated on improving its efficiency.3Its not that difficult.As a matter of fact, its quite easy.4I am optimistic about the outlook of our country.5I was encouraged to break away from

6、 old forms and rules.v.ationn.onthen.复合短语starvation 饥饿imagination 想象combination 结合，联合on the move 在移动，搬迁，离开on the march 在行军on the go 正在活动，正在奔走背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实1.What we should do is start using different sources of energy.我们应该做的是利用不同的能源形式。当主语从句中有行为动词do时，作表语的不定式可以省略to。What you have to do is study even h

7、arder to make preparations for your future.你需要做的是更加努力学习为将来做准备。2.How long do you think it took to make them？你认为做它们需要花费多长时间？do you think作插入语。When do you suppose he will come back？你猜他什么时候回来？3.Many people thought that permission wouldnt be given, and some thought the project should never have been allow

8、ed.很多人认为不应该允许，也有的认为工程本不应该被批准。should have done意为“本应该做(而没有做)”。You should have told me yesterday that you had changed your mind.你昨天本应该告诉我你改变主意了。 adopt vt.采用，采纳；收养(教材P12)The Chinese government has adopted several noise control plans and as a result noise pollution levels have improved in recent years.中国

9、政府采取了几项控制噪音的计划，因此近年来噪音污染程度已经改善。adoptive adj.收养的adoptable adj.可采用的；可收养的adopted adj.被采用的；被收养的He loved his adoptive father very much.他非常爱他的养父。The old man devoted himself to his adopted(adopt) son.这位老人倾毕生精力于他的养子。明辨异同adopt/adaptadopt意为“采用；收养；领养；通过”adapt“(使)适应；改编”。常见表达为adapt(oneself) to.“适应”，adapt.from/fo

10、r.“由改编来的/把改编成”adopt，adaptThe young couple had no children of their own，so they adopted the suggestion that they should adopt an orphan.After a few months，the adopted child came to adapt to his new life. considerate adj.想得周到的，体贴的(教材P133)We can all help by being more considerate and thinking of our ne

11、ighbours.多体谅多考虑一下我们的邻居，我们就会起到这一作用(降低噪音污染)。(1)It is considerate of sb.to do sth.某人干某事是周到的be considerate to sb.体谅某人，替某人着想(2)consideration n.仔细考虑；体谅，顾及take sth.into consideration考虑到，顾及(3)consider doing sth.考虑做某事consider sb./sth.(to be/as)n./adj. 认为(4)considerable adj.相当多(或大、重要等)的If you learn to be cons

12、iderate to others，you will gain respect.如果你学会为别人着想，你将会赢得尊敬。I always take fuel consumption into consideration(consider) when buying a car.I didnt really consider doing(do) anything else seriously. allocate vt.分配；配给(教材P13)New schools，hospitals and housing areas will be allocated positions away from ma

13、in roads，rail roads and industrial areas that create high levels of noise.新学校、医院和居民区将安排在远离产生严重噪音的公路、铁路和工业区。(1)allocate sb.sth.allocate sth.to sb.分配给某人某物allocate sth.for sth.拨出某物做某事allocate sth.among.在范围内分配(2)allocation n. C划拨的款项；分配的东西U划拨，分配The boss allocated an expensive car to him.老板分配给他一辆昂贵的小汽车。Th

14、e company allocated 500，000 yuan for disaster relief.公司拨出50万元作为救灾款。 break away from脱离；离开；背弃；与脱离关系(教材P134)But we need to break away from that way of thinking.但是我们需要从那种思考方式中解脱出来。break in破门而入；打断break into闯入；破门而入；打断(谈话)break out爆发；突然发生break through突破；冲垮break down(计划/谈判)失败；出故障；分解break up打碎；拆散；(会议)结束；分裂(解

15、体)Talks have broken down over the disputed territory.对有争议的领土问题的谈判破裂了。Norton Sound was covered with ice, which could sometimes break up without warning.诺顿海湾被冰覆盖着，冰有时候毫无征兆的破碎。We hope to break through soon in the fight against AIDS.我们希望在与艾滋病作斗争中很快有所突破。 calculate vi. 计算，算出；打算；觉得；认为(教材P134)How do I calcu

16、late the answer to this question?我如何算出这道题的答案？calculate计算出It is calculated that从句据估算calculated adj.精心策划的；蓄意的be calculated to do sth.打算做；故意做；可能做It is calculated that the population of China is more than 1.3 billion.据估算中国人口已超过13亿。This advertisement is calculated to attract(attract) children.这个广告是为吸引儿童设

17、计的。 concentrate on全神贯注于；集中于(教材P16)Besides protecting endangered species，the WWF concentrates on these key areas of global conservation.除了保护濒危物种外，世界野生动物基金还把力量集中在全球保护的几个重点领域concentrate ones mind/efforts on(doing)sth.致力于；集中(精力，注意力等)(做)某事表示“全神贯注，精神集中于”的短语还有：be absorbed in；be buried in；be lost in；pay att

18、ention to；focus(ones attention)on；be focused on；fix ones eyes/attention on/uponThe boy was completely absorbed/buried/lost in the science fiction.这个男孩完全迷上了科幻小说。Everyone concentrated their attention on listening(listen) to the teacher.大家都集中注意力听老师讲课。 release vt. & n. 释放；放开；公布；发行；免除；解雇；透露，流露(教材P16)Abou

19、t 23，000，000，000 tonnes of carbon dioxide are released into the atmosphere every year.每年约有230亿吨二氧化碳排放到大气中。写出下列句中release的含义Han Gengs solo album Geng Heart is to be released next week.发行，发布She burst into tears，releasing all her depressed emotions.发泄He refused to release her arm.放开，松开He was released fr

20、om prison yesterday.释放release.from.把从中解脱出来Death at last released her from her pain.死亡最终使她免除了痛苦。 at one time 曾经，一度(教材P16)At one time，half the land on the Earths surface was covered by forest.曾经，地球表面一半的陆地为森林所覆盖。at a time每次，一次at the same time同时in time及时；迟早，总有一天on time准时all the time一直，始终in no time立即，马上a

21、t no time从不，决不We cant do two things at a time.我们不能一次做两件事。At times I go out to the beach.有时候我到海滩去。At no time will I regret what I have done today.我决不会后悔今天所做的事。名师点津at no time 是具有否定意义的短语，放在句首时句子要部分倒装。 access n入口；通道；使用途径；接近(教材P16)The WWF works hard to protect freshwater environment from pollution and to

22、 help people in developing countries have access to safe，clean water.世界野生生物基金会努力保护淡水环境不被污染，帮助发展中国家的人们使用安全、干净的水。(1)have easy/good access to(地方)近便have/gain/get access to进入权have access to a phone/a computer附近有电话/电脑可用with easy access to离很近(2)accessible adj.可接近的；可进入的be accessible to能进入；易接近；可以理解The only a

23、ccess to that building is along this muddy track.只有沿这条泥泞小路才能到达那幢大楼。You need a password to get access to the computersystem.使用这个计算机系统需要口令。Teachers have free access to the library.教师可以自由使用图书馆。The system is accessible(access) to the students to get digital resources of the library.这个系统可以为学生所利用以获得图书馆的数字

24、资源。 (教材P14)What we should do is start using different sources of energy.我们应该做的是开始使用不同类型的能源。【要点提炼】本句为“主系表”结构的主从复合句。连接代词what引导主语从句what we should do，what在该从句中作宾语，意为“的事”；另外，is后为省略了to的不定式，该不定式在句中作表语。be动词前，若有实义动词do时，作表语的不定式可以省略to。(1)在介词but，except，besides，than等表示“除了”之意的词前，若有实义动词do时，常用无to的不定式作介词的宾语。(2)若but，

25、except等词前无实义动词do时，则后接带to的动词不定式。He was unable to do anything but/except wait.除了等待，他什么也做不了。What do you like to do besides swim?除了游泳，你还爱好什么？He had no choice but to give(give) in.除了让步，他别无选择。 (教材P15)Many people thought that permission wouldnt be given，and some thought the project should never have been a

26、llowed许多人认为不会得到许可，也有一些人认为这项工程本来就不该被允许。【要点提炼】should never have been allowed属于“情态动词have done”结构的否定形式，should have done表示“本该做某事(而实际上未做)”，含有责备或遗憾的意味。“情态动词have done”结构：(1)must have done用于肯定句，表示“(过去)一定做了某事”。(2)cant have done表示“不可能做了某事”，用于对过去的否定情况把握较大的推测。(3)could have done表示“本能做某事(而实际上没做)”。(4)might have don

27、e 表示对过去发生的事情的推测，意思是“也许已经做了某事，可能已经做了某事”；表示责备、惋惜之情，意为“本可以做某事(而事实上没做)”。(5)neednt have done表示“本不必做某事(而实际上做了)”。You must have seen the film Les Choristes.你肯定看过电影放牛班的春天。George cant have gone too far. His coffee is still warm.乔治不可能走太远，他的咖啡仍是温的。You could have made greater progress，but you didnt try your best

28、.你本来可以取得更大的进步，但是你没有努力。语 境 自 主 领 悟先观察原句The debt must be paid off before next month.The broken bike is being repaired now.The work will be finished in three hours.He has no memory of having been praised.They are to see the concert being held in Shanghai at present.后自主感悟1.句为情态动词的被动语态。2.句分别为现在进行时和一般将来时的

29、被动语态。3.句分别为动名词和现在分词的被动语态。一、谓语动词的被动语态一般来说，只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语才有被动语态。动作的执行者一般由介词by引起的短语来充当(常省略)。被动语态由“助动词be过去分词”构成，其各种时态形式见下表：现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般式donedone进行式完成式had been done注：情态动词的被动语态：情态动词be doneMo Yan is regarded as a brilliant man.(一般现在时)莫言被认为是个才华横溢的人。This book was published in 2016.(一般过去时)这本书出版于2016年。A

30、 new railway is now being built.(现在进行时)一条新铁路正在修建。Such a thing has never been heard of before.(现在完成时)这种事以前从未听说过。The cat was being washed when we called him.(过去进行时)我们给他打电话时他在给猫洗澡。He said the factory had been opened.(过去完成时)他说这家工厂已经开张。A new bridge will be built over the river.(一般将来时)河上将建一座新桥。The work mu

31、st be finished at once.(情态动词be done)这项工作必须立刻完成。名师点津(1)有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词，当它们和well，badly，easily等副词连用时，表示主语的内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动形式表示被动意义，这时不用于被动语态，常见的有：write，read，clean，sell，wash，cook等。This sweater washes well.(wash表示主语的性能)这件外套很好洗。(2)某些表示主语状态特征的连系动词：look, feel，smell, taste, sound, prove, appear等，用主动表示被动，

32、常接形容词或名词作表语。It sounds good.那听上去很好。(3)表示运动变化的某些动词，如drive，change，move等，不用于被动语态。The traffic light changed green.交通灯变绿了。即时训练1单句语法填空The students have been working hard on their Iessons and their efforts will be rewarded(reward) with success in the end.More efforts, as reported，will be made(make) in the y

33、ears ahead to accelerate the supplyside structural reform.Did you enjoy the party?Yes. We were treated(treat) well by our hosts. To my delight, I was chosen(choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.We are confident that the environment will be improved(improve) by our furth

34、er efforts to reduce pollution.二、非谓语动词的被动语态1构成非谓语动词的被动语态包括一般式和完成式。其构成如下表：非谓语动词一般式完成式动名词being donehaving been done现在分词being donehaving been done上不定式to be doneto have been doneThe little childs wish is to be taken to Disneyland.(不定式一般式的被动语态)这个小孩子的愿望是被领着去迪斯尼乐园。Her latest book is said to have been trans

35、lated into Chinese.(不定式完成式的被动语态)她最新出版的书据说已被译成中文了。The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.(动名词一般式的被动语态)这只松鼠很幸运，它恰好逃脱了。The building being built now is our teaching building.(现在分词一般式的被动语态)正在建的这座建筑物是我们的教学楼。Having been invited to speak, Ill have to start making preparations tomorrow.(现在分词

36、完成式的被动语态)因被邀请讲话，我明天就得开始做准备。2不用被动语态的情况(1)need, want, require, deserve，be worth后面接doing时，表示的是被动意义。Your hair needs cutting.(主动表被动)你的头发该理了。(2)不定式在某些形容词后作状语且和句子的主语(或宾语)构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，此类形容词包括：difficult, comfortable, pleasant, fit, interesting, unfit, light，heavy, dangerous, etc.等。The sentence is easy to unde

37、rstand. (understand与the sentence构成动宾关系)这个句子容易理解。(3)不定式作名词的后置定语，和被修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系，同时和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，不定式常用主动形式表被动含义。She had only a cold room to live in. (live in与room有逻辑上的动宾关系)她只有一间寒冷的房间居住。(4)在be to结构中的一些不定式。这种结构中的不定式通常应用主动表被动。这类动词有blame，seek，let(出租)等。You are to blame for the accident. (be to blame结构)你

38、应该为这次事故负责。(5)过去分词本身表示被动意义，其没有被动形式。即时训练2单句语法填空The airport to be completed(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from being attacked(attack) in the South China Sea.This machine i

39、s very easy to operate(operate)Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.Having been asked(ask) to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.The old building needs repairing/to be repaired(repair).单句语法填空1It is reported that a space station will be built(build) on the moon in years to

40、come.2In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat has been cut(cut)3Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement has been reached(reach) so far by the two sides.4More expressways will be built(build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.5I was a

41、llowed(allow) to pet up close to these cute animals at the 600acre centre.单句改错1Your pronunciation should be paid attention.attention后加to2She was heard sing an English song in the classroom.singto sing3Whom was English spoken in the next room just now? WhomBy whom或spoken后加by4The job had better been f

42、inished ahead of time.beenbe5Great changes have been taken place in our country.去掉been6A maths problem was discussed when I entered the classroom.was后加being.单句语法填空1We have no choice but to face(face) the dangers.2I calculated that we would arrive at 6 pm.3These are factors we must take into consider

43、ation(consider)4Do you know how to deal with stress?5More resources are being allocated to the project.6Not only did I know her, but I was her best friend.7He said that the Christmas tree would be bought(buy) soon.8You can easily get access to the humorous old man.9He fixed his attention on listenin

44、g(listen) to the morning news.10At no time has the country been more prosperous than at present.单句改错1What could I do but to accept his conditions？去掉to2I showed her how to do with the rubbish.howwhat或do改为deal3She adopted herself quickly to the new climate.adoptedadapted4I shall at all times be consid

45、erate for my fellow students and teachers.forto5It cannot be denied that crime is in the increase.inon.完成句子1Theres nothing else to do but send for the doctor别无它法只好请大夫了。2It is considerate of you not to play the piano while I was asleep.在我睡觉时你不弹钢琴，真是体贴入微。3Our difficulties passed away when we dealt with them in the proper way我们用恰当的方法对待困难，困难就消除了。4Have you calculated what a holiday in France would cost?去法国度假的开销有多大，你算过没有？5The criminal broke away from the young policemen那名罪犯从年轻警察手里逃脱了。