unit1语法-直接引用间接引语.ppt

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1、直接引语直接引语:直接引用别人的话直接引用别人的话, 把它放在引号内。把它放在引号内。 (direct speech)间接引语间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话。用自己的话转述别人的话。(indirect speech)I am a beautiful girl.She said that she was a beautiful girl.What did the girl say? 转述他人的陈述转述他人的陈述陈述句陈述句She asked me what I was doing.She said , “Im going to Beijing.”She said that she was go

2、ing to Beijing.He asked, “Are you a doctor?”He asked me if/whether I was a doctor.She asked, “What are you doing?”2.2.转述他人的疑问转述他人的疑问一般疑问句一般疑问句3.3.转述他人的问题转述他人的问题特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 陈述句陈述句用连词用连词that引导引导, that在口语中常省略。在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said, 也可用也可用told来代替来代替, 注意注意, 可以说可以说said that, said to sb

3、. that, told sb. that, 不可直接说不可直接说 told that。直接引语变成间接引语直接引语变成间接引语, 句子结构的变化句子结构的变化He said, “I have been to Japan.” He said to us that he had been to Japan. She said, “Ill give you an exam tomorrow.” She told us that she would give us an exam tomorrow. 陈述句解题步骤陈述句解题步骤: :“I dont like computers,” Sarah sa

4、id to her friends.Sarah said to her friends that (I dont like computers.)didntsheSarah said to her friends that she didnt like computers.间接引语用连词间接引语用连词whether或或if引导引导, 原原主句中谓语动词主句中谓语动词said要改为要改为asked (me/him/us等等), 语序是陈述句的语序。语序是陈述句的语序。一般疑问句一般疑问句Tom said, “Do you have any difficulty with English?” To

5、m asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with English. He said, “You are interested in English, arent you?” He asked whether I was interested in English. 一般疑问句解题步骤一般疑问句解题步骤:Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil?( They asked him )They asked himifIt is easy to improve the condition of th

6、e soil.(it is easy to improve the condition of the soil.)askediswasThey asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词, 主句的谓语动词用主句的谓语动词用ask (sb.) 来表达来表达, 语序改为陈述句语序。语序改为陈述句语序。特殊疑问句特殊疑问句He said to me, “Where are you from?” He asked me where I was from. He

7、asked us, “How many factories are there in your country?” He asked us how many factories there were in our country. 特殊疑问句解题步骤：特殊疑问句解题步骤：When do you harvest the wheat?( They asked him )They asked him Whenyou harvest the wheat(you harvest the wheat.)heharvestedThey asked him when he harvested the whea

8、t.He asked, “Do you speak English or Chinese?” He asked me whether I spoke English or Chinese. I asked, “Will you take a bus or on foot?” I asked him whether he would take a bus or on foot. 用用whetheror表达表达(不用不用if/eitheror)选择疑问句选择疑问句谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点：谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点：1. 直接引语表述的是客观真理直接引语表述的是客观真理, 变为间接变为间接

9、引语时引语时, 时态不变。时态不变。The geography teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.” The geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.2. 如果直接引语所表述的内容在目前如果直接引语所表述的内容在目前 和说话时同样有效和说话时同样有效, 变间接引语时变间接引语时, 时态可不变。时态可不变。The children said, “We love this game.”The c

10、hildren told us that they love that game.She says that shell never forget the days in the country.3. 主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态, 在引述时在引述时, 时态不变。时态不变。She says, “Ill never forget the days in the country.”Direct speechIndirect speechSentence structurestatement say/tell sb. (that) +从句从句一般疑问句一般疑问句ask/w

11、onder whether/if +陈述句语序陈述句语序特殊疑问句特殊疑问句ask/wonder wh-word +陈述句语序陈述句语序在直接引语变为间接引语时需要在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化注意的变化1. 注意时态的变化注意时态的变化2. 注意人称和指示代词变化注意人称和指示代词变化 3. 注意时间和地点的变化注意时间和地点的变化4. 注意个别趋向动词的变化注意个别趋向动词的变化直接引语直接引语direct speech间接引语间接引语indirect speech一般一般现在现在时时一般一般过去过去时时一般一般过去过去时时过去完成过去完成时时一般一般将来时将来时过去过去将来时将来

12、时现在现在进行时进行时过去进行过去进行时时现在现在完成时完成时过去过去完成时完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去将来时过去将来时过去完成时过去完成时过去将来时过去将来时Direct SpeechIndirect SpeechPronouns第三人称第三人称第一或第三人称第一或第三人称thatthoseDirect SpeechIndirect Speech时间状语时间状语nowthentodaythat dayyesterdaythe day beforethis week/monththat week/monthlast week/monththat week/monthbeforethree d

13、ays agothree days beforetomorrowthe next day/the following day地点状语地点状语herethereDirect SpeechIndirect Speech方向方向性动性动词词come go bring takeborrowlend 直接引语中的助动词直接引语中的助动词间接引语中的助动词间接引语中的助动词shallshouldshouldshould (不变不变)willwouldwouldWould (不变不变)maymightmightmight (不变不变)cancouldcouldcould (不变不变)mustmust/had

14、 toHe said heplays footballis playinghas playedplayedwill playhad playedplayed footballwas playinghad playedhad playedwould playhad playedAttention:When direct speech is about: a) a truth 真理真理 b) a timetable 时间表时间表c) a saying/proverb/quotation 格言格言/ /引用语引用语d) An adverbial indicating the past 过去的时间状语

15、过去的时间状语There are some cases in which we dont need to change the tense in indirect speech. He said, “the earth goes around the sun.”2. He said, “The train leaves at 7:30p.m.”3. He said, “Rome isnt built in a day.”4. Tom said, “I was born in July, 1978.”Change direct speech into indirect speech:He sai

16、d that the earth goes around the sun.He said that the train leaves at 7:30p.m.He said that Rome isnt built in a day.Tom said he was born in July, 1978.1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.” Jack told me that _ worried _. A. he lookstoday B. you looktoday C. we lookedthat day D. I lookedthat d

17、ayD Choose the best answer.2. We said to her, “Theyre walking through the street now.” We told her that _ through the street _. A. we were walkingthen B. you are walkingnow C. they were walkingthen D. they walkingnow C 3. Mr. Black said, “I have walked a long way this week.” Mr. Black said that _ a

18、long way _. A. I had walkedlast week B. he had walkedthat week C. I walkedlast week D. he has walkedthis weekB 4. The man thought, “I will take it back tomorrow.” The man thought that _ take it back _. A. I shalltomorrow B. I shallthe next day C. he shouldtomorrow D. he wouldthe next day D 5. They s

19、aid to us, “Are you afraid to leave this house ?” They asked us _ afraid to leave _ house. A. that were wethis B. that we werethat C. if were we this D. if we werethatD 6. Jane said, “What did he hear about a week ago?”Jane asked _ about _. A. that he hearda week ago B. what he had heardthe week bef

20、ore C. what he had herda week ago D. if he heardthe week agoB 7. She asked, “Whose house will he break into next time?” She asked whose house _ break into _. A. will henext time B. would hethe next time C. he wouldthe next time D. he willnext time C 8. Jack said to her, “Where do you spend your holi

21、days?” Jack asked her where _ holidays. A. she spent her B. you spend your C. she spend her D. you spent yourA 9. Black asked me, “Why havent you left here yet?” Black asked me why _ yet. A. I hadnt left there B. I havent left here C. hadnt I left there D. havent I left here A 10. The teacher asked

22、her, “Does the sun rise in the east?” The teacher asked her _ the sun _ in the east. A. ifrise B. ifrises C. whetherrose D. whether did riseB For more exercises, click here.进入夏天，少不了一个热字当头，电扇空调陆续登场，每逢此时，总会进入夏天，少不了一个热字当头，电扇空调陆续登场，每逢此时，总会想起那一把蒲扇。蒲扇，是记忆中的农村，夏季经常用的一件物品。记想起那一把蒲扇。蒲扇，是记忆中的农村，夏季经常用的一件物品。记忆中的

23、故乡，每逢进入夏天，集市上最常见的便是蒲扇、凉席，不论男女老忆中的故乡，每逢进入夏天，集市上最常见的便是蒲扇、凉席，不论男女老少，个个手持一把，忽闪忽闪个不停，嘴里叨叨着少，个个手持一把，忽闪忽闪个不停，嘴里叨叨着“怎么这么热怎么这么热”，于是三，于是三五成群，聚在大树下，或站着，或随即坐在石头上，手持那把扇子，边唠嗑五成群，聚在大树下，或站着，或随即坐在石头上，手持那把扇子，边唠嗑边乘凉。孩子们却在周围跑跑跳跳，热得满头大汗，不时听到边乘凉。孩子们却在周围跑跑跳跳，热得满头大汗，不时听到“强子，别跑强子，别跑了，快来我给你扇扇了，快来我给你扇扇”。孩子们才不听这一套，跑个没完，直到累气喘吁吁

24、，。孩子们才不听这一套，跑个没完，直到累气喘吁吁，这才一跑一踮地围过了，这时母亲总是，好似生气的样子，边扇边训，这才一跑一踮地围过了，这时母亲总是，好似生气的样子，边扇边训，“你你看热的，跑什么？看热的，跑什么？”此时这把蒲扇，是那么凉快，那么的温馨幸福，有母亲此时这把蒲扇，是那么凉快，那么的温馨幸福，有母亲的味道！蒲扇是中国传统工艺品，在我国已有三千年多年的历史。取材的味道！蒲扇是中国传统工艺品，在我国已有三千年多年的历史。取材于棕榈树，制作简单，方便携带，且蒲扇的表面光滑，因而，古人常会在上于棕榈树，制作简单，方便携带，且蒲扇的表面光滑，因而，古人常会在上面作画。古有棕扇、葵扇、蒲扇、蕉扇诸名，实即今日的蒲扇，江浙称之为面作画。古有棕扇、葵扇、蒲扇、蕉扇诸名，实即今日的蒲扇，江浙称之为芭蕉扇。六七十年代，人们最常用的就是这种，似圆非圆，轻巧又便宜的蒲芭蕉扇。六七十年代，人们最常用的就是这种，似圆非圆，轻巧又便宜的蒲扇。蒲扇流传至今，我的记忆中，它跨越了半个世纪，也走过了我们的扇。蒲扇流传至今，我的记忆中，它跨越了半个世纪，也走过了我们的半个人生的轨迹，携带着特有的念想，一年年，一天天，流向长长的时间隧半个人生的轨迹，携带着特有的念想，一年年，一天天，流向长长的时间隧道，袅道，袅