2022年【英语周报】牛津译林版高一模块一Unit备课资料：辅导语法高考.docx

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1、名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -专业文档定语从句（ 3）非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句起补充附带说明的作用,缺少它也不会影响全句的懂得,译为汉语经常常不译作定语, 而依据句意翻译为相应的其他形式的从句；它与主语的关系不像限定性定语从句的关系那样亲密；在非限定性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开, 假如把非限定性定语从句放在句子中间,其前后都要用逗号与主句隔开；1. 引导非限定性定语从句的关系代词如下表所示：指代对象 指代人 指代物主格 who 宾语 whom which, as 全部格 whom, of whom, whose which, o

2、f which, whose 留意：关系代词 that 不能引导非限定性定语从句；引导非限定性定语从句的关系副词主要有 2. 运用非限定性定语从句的情形：（1）关系代词指代整个主句内容when, where；不行用 why；e.g. Our new house has a lovely garden, which makes us very happy. （2）当先行词是专出名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通 常是非限制性的；例如：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. （3）当显现 some,

3、many, few, a few, little, much, most, two of which, whom等结构 时 e.g. Youve made many mistakes, most of which were due to your carelessness. 3. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区分：类别语法意义及特点例句限制性定对先行词起修饰限制作用,假如去掉,The accident happened at 主句意思就不完整明确,这种从句与主语从句the time when I left. 句的关系非常亲密, 写时不用逗号分开；非限制性对先行词作附加的说明,与主句的关系

4、His mother, whom he loved 宝贵文档细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 页,共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -专业文档定语从句不非常亲密,较松散；从句和主句之间deeply, died ten years ago. 用逗号分开,相当于一个插入语,不能 用 that 引导,关系代词做宾语时也不能 省略；非限制性定语从句主要在以下方面不同于限制性定语从句： 非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不非常亲密,它不是对先行词进行

5、修饰或确 定,只是对先行词作些附加的说明；专出名词通常被非限制性定语从句所修饰；例如：地名,人名,国家名等； 非限制性定语从句不是先行词必不行少的修饰语,因此假如去掉从句,主句 的意思仍旧清晰； 从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开,翻译时复合句通常译成两句话； 与限制性定语从句一样,非限制性定语从句也可用关系代词 who, which, whom, whose, as和关系副词 when, where, why 引导； that 不引导非限制性定语 从句；例如： We will fly to Xian first, where we plan to stay for a couple of days

6、.我们将先飞往西安, 在那里我们准备停留两天； My wife, who is a doctor, is working abroad this year. 我的妻子是位医生, 她今年在国外工作； As is known to all, ice is water in its solid state. 众所周知 ,冰是水的固态；非限制性定语从句中值得留意的几个问题 在 which 引导的非限制性定语从句,先行词可以是一个名词或代词,也可以 是句子的一部分,甚至整个句子；例如： My new car, which I paid several thousand dollars for, isn

7、t running well. 先行词是 car He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true. 先行词是 he had never seen her before 宝贵文档细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页,共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -专业文档 which 和 as 引导的非限制性定语从句比较which 和 as 都可引导非限制性定语从句, 并且

8、先行词都可以是一句句子, 但 which通常指代上文提到的情形,而as就可以指代上文或下文；as 在这类句子中经常有“ 正如” 的意思；另外,as 引导的定语从句）例如：as 仍常常与 such, the same 等连用；（见第一讲中 He has to work on Sundays, which he doesnt like. As we expected, he gave a wonderful performance. Mike is late, as is often the case. I never heard such stories as he told. She knew

9、 he felt just the sameas she did. 在从句中作宾语的关系代词 例如：which, who, whom 一般不省略； Jeanne was her old friend, from whom she borrowed a necklace. He built a telescope, through which he could study the skies. 4. as与 which 的区分：定语从区分例句句限制性名词前有 such 和 the same 修饰时,He is not such a fool as he looks. 定语从Dont read s

10、uch books as you 关系代词用 as,不能用 which 句中cant understand. 非限制as和 which 都可以指代前面整个主They won the game, as we had expected. 句；假如有“ 正如,象” 的含义,并They won the game, which we 性定语可以放在主句前,也可以放在后面,hadnt expected.从句中那么用 as；而 which 引导的从句只能As is well known, he is a famous 放主句后,并无“ 正如” 的意思；film star in the 1980s. 宝贵文档

11、细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 页,共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -专业文档关系代词 as引导的定语从句 和 such 连用,这时的 as相当于 who, which；有时 such 和 as 连在一起 例如： Wendy is not such a fool as she looks. Such cars as I saw were too expensive to me. We had hoped to give you a

12、 chance such as nobody else ever had.留意：这种用法和 such that 的区分 在 such as 中,as是关系代词, 它在从句中充当成分； 例中作 looks 的表语,在例和中分别作 saw 和 had 的宾语；而在 such that 中 that 引导的结果状语从句,说明为“ 以至于”例如：；that 不充当任何成分,只起语法上的连接作用； She gave me such a surprise that I couldnt say anything at that moment . His idea was such a good one th

13、at we all agreed to use it. 和 same 连用 例如： You must show my friend thesamerespect as you show me. She wears the same kind of clothes as her sister usually does. 引导非限制性定语从句 例如： She was the one I met at the party, as you know. As was natural, she married Robin. 5. 定语从句和其它从句的区分 许多高三的同学在解题时发觉,有时难以区分定语从句,

14、表语从句,时间、地点状语从句和强调句；解决这一问题的关键在于牢记： 定语从句肯定有先行词 定语从句的关系代词和关系副词在从句中肯定充当成分；我们来看详细的从句的比较：（一）定语从句和表语从句 例 1 This is where your father worked when he was young. 宝贵文档细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 页,共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -专业文档此句没有先行词, where 引导的是表语从

15、句, where 相当于“the place where”,说明为“ 的地方”；2 This is the shop where my brother once worked. 此句中 where 引导的是定语从句,（二）定语从句和状语从句 例 1 Lets do it when we are free. 先行词是： the shop；此句中没有先行词, when 引导的是状语从句；2 Lets do it next month, when we are free. 这里 when 引导的是定语从句,先行词是 1 Put it where it was. next month；又如：where

16、 引导的是地点状语从句,无先行词；2 Put it in the drawer where I keep documents. where 引导的是定语从句；（三）定语从句和强调句 例 1 Where did you interview the composer. It was in the hotel _ he stayed. A. where B. that 此句看上去很像强调句型, 许多同学因而错选B；但选 B 后意思是：他住在宾馆里；不能回答上文中提出的问题；而应当选 A,句子的意思是：是在他住的宾馆；所以,正确地解这一题除了要求对定语从句和强调句型有很好的把握以外,仍考查了对题目所给

17、出的语境的懂得；（四）定语从句和并列句例 1 There are 45 students in our class, of whom two fifths are girls. of whom/which + 分数/ 百分数 / both / all / none / some / many 这样的结构常显现在定语从句中, 特别是在较正式的文体中； 更常见的是：分数 /百分数 / both / all +of whom/which , 此句是定语从句；2 There are 45 students in our class, and two fifths of them are girls.

18、此句中的其次分句由并列连词and 引起,因此,不是定语从句；宝贵文档细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 5 页,共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -专业文档反意疑问句一、基本用法与结构反意疑问句由 “ 陈述句 +简洁疑问句”两部分组成, 第一部分提出一种看法,其次部分用来质疑或表示证明； 陈述部分与疑问部分的动词时态和动词性质应保持一样,而且确定和否定形式彼此相反,即陈述部分为确定式时, 疑问部分用否定式,陈述部分为否定式时,疑问部分用确定

19、式：He likes English, doesn 他喜爱英语,不是吗？He doesn t like English, does he. 他不喜爱英语,是吗？二、反意疑问句的用法：（一）详细用法整理如下：用法例句1. 确定陈述句后反意疑问句用否定形 式,否定陈述句后反意疑问句用确定形 式2. 陈述句中的主语是名词, 反意疑问句1. We can still be friends, cant we. 2. He doesnt like ice cream, does he. 1. His father cant name the plant, can 中用相应的代词来代替陈述句中的主 he.

20、语；2. Everyone has advised you not to go on 1）当主语是 someone, somebody, anybody, anyone, everybody, everyone, nobody, no one 等不定代词时, 反意疑 问句中的代词用 they 或者 he. a diet, haven t they/hasnt he. 3. This is a lovely clock, isnt it. 4. Something is shining, isnt it. 5. To swim in such cold water is crazy, 2）当主语

21、是 this, that, something, isnt it. nothing, anything, 不定式,动名词,或6. What he did really scared me, didn t 从句时,反意疑问句中的代词用it it. 7. Shopping isnt what you want to do, is it. 3. 陈述句中动词是情态动词时, 一般用1. He dare not cross the street alone, 情态动词 +代词的形式；情态动词mustdare he. 用法如下：2. We needn t finish it today, need/mus

22、t 宝贵文档细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 6 页,共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -专业文档1）作“ 禁止” 讲时,用must we. 2）作“ 必需” 讲时,用mustn t / 3. Students mustnt be late, must they. neednt 4. He must be in his room now, isnt he. 3）作“ 确定” 讲时,依据动作发生5. They must have come

23、back, havent 的时间,选用不同的时态；they. 6. You must have got the letter when you were in the office, didnt you. 4. 陈述句中用了表示否定意思的1. Neither of you will have coffee, will neither, none, nobody, nothing, few, you. little, never, hardly, seldom等词后,反意2. She seldom argues with others, does 疑问句用确定形式； 但陈述句中否定意 she.

24、义前缀或后缀的词, 不影响反意疑问句3. No one has found my CD, have they. 的形式；4. Its unfair, isnt it. 5. They are hopeless, arent they. 5. 在祈使句后的反意疑问句中,一般1. Post a letter for me, will you. 用 will you,但在 Lets 开头的祈使句后,2. Dont tell him about it, will you. 一般用 shall we；3. Lets go, shall we. 4. Let him go, will you. 6. 在主

25、从复合句中, 一般与主句的谓语1. They told me it was not true, didnt 动词一样,但在主句主语是第一人称,they. 并且谓语部分为 think, believe, imagine, suppose等时,疑问句一般与从句的谓2. I believe he can make it, cant he. 3. We dont believe we were defeated, 语一样；were we. 7. 反意疑问句的回答方式是依据事实 情形回答,而不受提问方式影响；（二）常见句型的反意疑问句1. We havent been informed, have we

26、. Yes, we have. （不,我们接到通知了； ）No, we havent. （对,仍没有；）1. 当陈述部分是 there be 存在句型时,反意疑问句的主语也用 there；e.g. There was nothing in the room, was there. 宝贵文档细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 7 页,共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -专业文档房间里什么也没有,是吗？2. 感叹句的反意疑问句,其谓语要求用否定

27、句；e.g. What a beautiful day, isnt it. 多好的天气啊,不是吗？3. 祈使句后面的反意疑问句问题 A 祈使句是否定形式,反意疑问句用 will you；e.g. Dont forget to post the letter, will you. 请别忘了寄信；B 祈使句是确定形式,反意疑问句用确定、否定均可；e.g. Please help us, will you/wont you. 请帮帮我们,好吗？C Let开头的祈使句要留意：1. Let 在意义上包含谈话的对方在内,表示提出建议或征求对方看法,其反意疑问句往往用 shall we；e.g. Let s

28、 go there together, shall we. 我们一起去,好吗 . 2. Let us 在意义上一般不包含谈话的对方在内,表示恳求对方答应做某事的含义, let 有 allow 的意思；附加疑问部分用 will you；e.g. Let us go swimming together, shall we. 我们一起去游泳好吗 . 3. Let me 开头表示恳求,反意疑问句用will you,或用 may I；e.g. Let me carry the box for you, may I. 我帮你搬箱子好吗？（三）复合句的反意疑问句1. 当陈述部分是一个（带that 引导宾语从

29、句的）主从复合句时,反意疑问句的主谓要和主句的主谓保持对应关系；但是,当陈述部分的主语是：I suppose, I think, I believe, I imagine, I expect等结构时,反意疑问句的主语和谓语要和从句的主语, 谓语保持一样关系； 而且要留意到否定的转移问题；e.g. I think she is right, isnt she. 我认为她是对的,是吗？2. 当陈述部分是 I m sure that,；we are sure；I m afraid that；We are sure that；I feel sure that 等后面跟宾语从句时,反意疑问句与后面的宾语

30、从句一样；e.g. I m afraid it is going to rain, isn t it. （四）关于情态动词的反意疑问句唯恐要下雨了,不是吗？1. 陈述部分中有 have 一词,且表示 “全部 ”含义时,反意疑问句部分既可用 have宝贵文档细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 8 页,共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -专业文档也可用 do；e.g. You have a bike, havent you/don t you.

31、 你有一辆自行车,不是吗？2. 陈述部分中有 have to,反意疑问句部分用 do；e.g. He had to go to work when he was very young, didnt he. 他年轻的时候不得不出去工作,不是吗？3. 含有 ought to 的反意疑问句,陈述部分是确定的,疑问部分用 shouldnt/oughtnt + 主语；e.g. He ought to know what to do, oughtnt he/shouldnt he. 4. 陈述部分有 used to,反意疑问句部分可用used 也可以用 did ；e.g. He used to get u

32、p early, usednt he/didn t he. 他习惯早起,不是吗？5. 陈述部分有 neednt时,反意疑问句部分用need 但有时也可用 must；e.g. We neednt do it again, need we . 我们不必要再做一遍了,是吗？6. 陈述部分有 must,且表示 “必需”时,反意疑问句部分用mustnt,假如表示“必要”就用 neednt；e.g. You must leave at once, mustnt you.你必需立刻离开,是吗 . You must leave at once, neednt you.你有必要立刻离开,是吗 . 7. 陈述部分

33、中是 mustnt表示 “禁止 ”时,反意疑问句部分用 must；陈述部分中的 must 表示“肯定 ”、“想必 ”等估计意义时,反意疑问句部分而是依据陈述部分的谓语动词或其助动词来定；e.g. You musts smoke here, must you. 你不能在这里抽烟,是吧？He must be there now, isnt he. 他现在肯定在那里,不是吗？8. 陈述部分是 I wish,表示询问或征求看法,反意疑问部分用 may I；e.g. I wish to go with them, may I. 我想同他们一起去,可以吗？9. 陈述部分的主语是each of.结构时,反意

34、疑问句在强调整体时用they,当作个别时用 he；e.g. Each of the boys has a map, dont they. 宝贵文档细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 9 页,共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -专业文档每个男孩都有一张地图,不是吗？10. 陈述部分有 neither. nor.either.or. 做并列主语,反意疑问部分依据其实际规律意义而定； e.g. Neither you nor I am engin

35、eer, are we. 我和你都不是工程师, 是吧？11. 陈述部分是： I m . 结构,反意疑问句一般用aren t I. e.g. I m wrong, aren我错了,是吗 . 12. 陈述部分有 had better + v. 疑问句部分用 hadnt you. e.g. Youd better read it by yourself, hadnt you. 你最好自己看,是吧？13. 陈述部分有 would rather +v.,疑问部分多用wouldnt + 主语；e.g. He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wo

36、uldnt he. 他宁愿读十遍也不情愿背,是吗？14. 陈述部分有 Youd like to +v. 疑问部分用 wouldnt + 主语；e.g. Youd like to go with me, wouldnt you. 你想和我一起去,不是吗？15. 带情态动词 dare 或 need的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用 need dare +主语；e.g. We need not do it again, need we . 我们不需要再做一遍,是吧？He dare not say so, dare he. 他不敢那样说,是吧？当 dare, need 为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词 do +

37、 主语；e.g. She doesnt dare to go home alone, does she. 她不敢一个人回家,是吗？语法学问拓展（一）挑选适当的关系代词或关系副词把以下句子补充完整；1. We should read such books _ will make us better and wiser. 2. He failed in the exam, _ proves that he wasnt working hard e nough. 3. Is it that factory _ this car is produced. 4. _ is often the case,

38、 we have worked out the production plan. 5. She was very kind towards the children, _ her husband seldom was. 6. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5.00 p.m., _ many people 宝贵文档细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 10 页,共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - -

39、- - - - - - -专业文档have gone home. 7. He called on another girl, _ he believed was more suitable for the job. 8. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, through _ he could see what was going on inside the house. 9. I intended to compare notes with a friend, _ unfortunately couldnt spare me even one mi

40、nute. 10. Last week, only two people came to look at the same house _ Mr. Black is trying to sell. （二）用定语从句合并以下句子1. Don t do such things You are not sure about the things. _ 2. The weather turned out to be very good. It was more than we could expect. _ 3. My uncle had three sons. Two of them died du

41、ring the last earthquake. _ 4. There were dirty marks on her trousers. She had wiped her hands there. _ 5. He visited the primary school. He once studied for four years there. _ （三）单项填空 1. These houses are sold at such a low price _ people didnt expect. A. like B. as C. that D. which 2. I bought a b

42、ook written in _ easy English _ beginners can understand. A. such an, as B. such, that C. so, that D. such, as 3. This is so difficult a question _. 宝贵文档细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 11 页,共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -专业文档 A. that many students can t answer C. as no one