高考-普通词汇知识词性转换.doc

+\ 高中英语词汇词性转换 第一组： 1. ability (n. )能力；才能---able (a.)---unable (a..) —disability (n. ) —disabled (a.) be able to do…= be capable of doing 2. absence (n. ) 缺席；不在 --- absent (a.) ---present (a..) – presence (n.) be absent from; be present at 3. absolute (a.) 绝对的；完全的---absolutely (adv.) 4. abundant (a.) 丰富的；充裕的 ---abundance (n.) be abundant in 5. academic (a.) 学院的，理论的 (n.) 大学教师 --- academy (n.) 学院 6. accept (v.) 接受---acceptable (a.)可接受的 - –refuse (opp.) 拒绝 7. access (n.) 通路，入门；（v.）接近；存取 ---accessible (a.) have access to（to为介词）可以使用；可以接触 8. accurate (a.) 正确的，精确的 --- accuracy (n.) –accurately (adv.)-- (opp.)inaccurate 不准确 9. achieve (v.) 取得，达到 --- achievement (n.) 10. acquire (v.) 获得，学到 --- acquisition (n.) 11. act (n. ) 法令，条例；（v.）表演；行动---action (n.) –active (a.) 主动的 —inactive (a.) —actively (adv.) —activity (n. ) 活动 --passive (a.) 被动的 ---actor (n.) –actress (n.) 12. actual (a.) 实际的；现实的–actually (adv.) = as a matter of fact 13. adapt (v.) 使适应；改编 ---adaptation (n.) 适应，顺应；改编，改编本 ---adaptable (a.) 有适应能力的adapt oneself to 适应于; adapt…(for sth.) from sth. 改编 14. add (v.) 添加，增加;补充说- --addition (n.) ---additional (a.) –additionally (adv.) add…to 将…(添)加到… add to 增加，加强 add up加起来 add up to共计达 in addition (to) 另外，除此之外 15. addict (n.) 成瘾的人 ---addicted (a.) –addition (n.) ---addictive (a.) 使成瘾的；上瘾的；易令人沉溺的 be addicted to （to为介词）对…上瘾 16. adjust (v.) 调整，使适应 ---adjustment (n.) --- adjustable (a.) 17. admire (v.) 钦佩，羡慕 ---admiration (n.) --- admirable (a.) 18. admit (v.) 承认，准许 ( admitted, admitted) --- admission (n.) 19. adopt (v.) 收养，采用 ---adoption (n.) --- adopted (a.) 20. advance (v.) 推进，促进；前进 （n.）前进，提升—advanced (a.) 先进的;高等的 21. advantage (n.) 有点；好处 ---disadvantage (n.) take advantage of利用；欺骗，占…的便宜 22. adventure (n.) 冒险，奇遇 --- adventurous (a.) 23. advertise (v.) 为…做广告---advertisement (n.) 24. advise (v.) 建议，劝告----adviser (n.) 顾问，忠告者 --- advice (n.) a piece of advice 25. affect (v.) 影响 --- affection (n.) 影响，感情 = have an effect on 26. Africa (n.) 非洲 --- African (a.) (n.) 27. age (n.) 年纪 --- aged (a.)老年的 —elderly (a.) 28. agree (v.) 同意--- agreement (n.) --- disagree (opp)—disagreement (n.) 29. agriculture (n.) 农业 – agricultural (a.) 30. allow (v.) 准许，允许---allowance (n.) 允许；紧贴，补助 31. amaze (v.) 惊奇， 震惊 --- amazement (n.) ---amazed (a.) –amazing (a.) to one’s amazement 32. ambition (n.) 抱负，雄心---ambitious (a.) 33. amuse (v.) 使…快乐 --- amusement (n.) – amused (a.) --- amusing (a.) to one’s amusement 34. analyze (v.) 分析 --- analysis (n.) 35. anger (n.) 愤怒 --- angry (a.) 36. announce (v.) 宣布, 宣告 --- announcement (n.) --- announcer (n.) 37. annoy (v.) 使烦恼 – annoyed (a.) --- annoying (a.) --- annoyance (n.) to one’s annoyance 38. annual (a. ) 一年一次的，每年的 （n.） 年刊 --- annually (a.) 39. anxious (a.) 忧虑的，焦急的 --- anxiety (n.) 40. apologize (v.) 道歉 --- apology (n.) apologize to sb. for sth.; make an apology to sb. for sth.因…事向某人道歉 41. appear (v.) 出现 ---appearance (n.)外貌，外观；出现，露面 42. apply (v.) 申请 , 应用--- application (n.) 申请表 --- applicant (n.) 申请人 --- applied (a.) 应用的 43. appoint (v.) 约定，任命 – appointment (n.) -----make an appointment 约会 44. appreciate (v.) 欣赏，感激 --- appreciation (n.) 45. approve (v.) 批准，同意 --- approval (n.) approve of…赞成 (opp.) disapprove (v.) 不赞成 disapprove of… 46. argue (v.) 争辩，辩论—argument (n.) 47. arrange (v.) 安排 --- arrangement (n.) 48. arrive (v.) 到达 – arrival (n.) 49. Asia (n.) 亚洲 ---Asian (a.) (n.) 50. assess (v.) 评价，估价 --- assessment (n.) 51. assist (v.) 帮助，协助--- assistance (n.) 帮助，援助 ---assistant (n.) 助手，助理 52. associate (v.) 联系，交往--- association (n.) --- associated (a.) 53. assume (v.) 假定，采取 --- assumption (n.) 54. astonish (v.) 使惊讶 --- astonished (a.) --- astonishing (a.) – astonishment (n.) 55. astronaut (n.) 宇航员 --- astronomy (n.) 天文学 --- astronomer (天文学家) 56. athlete (n.) 运动员 --- athletic (a.) 运动员的；运动的；体格健壮的；行动敏捷的 57. attend （v.）参加，照料 -- attendance (n.)出席，参加 - -attender (n.) 出席者；参加者 58. attention (n) 注意，专心--- attentive (a) –attentively (ad v.) 59. attract (v.) 吸引 – attraction (n.) --- attractive (a.) 60. aware (a.) 知道的，明白的 --- awareness (n.) be aware of 61. bacterium (n.) 细菌 ---(pl. ) bacteria 62. bad (a.) 坏的 --- badly (adv. ) (worse, worst) --- good (a.) – well (a.) (adv.) (better, best) 63. base (n.) 基地，根据地 (v.) 以…为基地 -- basic (a.) --- basically 大体上 64. basis (n.) 基础，要素 --- (pl.) bases 65. bath (n.) 洗澡，浴室—bathe (v.) – bathroom (n.) --- bathtub (n.) 澡盆 66. bear (v.) 忍受 (bore, borne)--- bearable (a.) 可忍受的 --- unbearable (opp.) 不可忍受的 67. beat (v.) 敲打，跳动，打赢 (beat, beaten) 68. beautiful (a.) 美丽的--- beauty (n. ) --- beautify (v.) 69. behave (v.) 行为，守规矩 --- behavior (n.) 70. belief (n) 信条，信念 ---（pl.） beliefs-- believe (v.) --- believable (a.) ---(opp.) unbelievable 71. begin (v.) 开始，着手 (began, begun)--- beginning (n.) 第二组： 72. bend v. 使弯曲 （bent, bent）be bent on doing 一心想，决心要做… 73. benefit n.利益, 好处vt.有益于, 有助于 --- beneficial adj.有益的, 受益的 benefit from…从…中受益； be beneficial to对…有益 74. bitter adj.苦的, 痛苦的, 怀恨的 ---–unpleasant adj不愉快的；讨厌的 75. boring adj. 无聊的，乏味的(修饰物)—---bored adj.无聊的, 无趣的, 烦人的（用于人） 76. botany n.植物学 -------botanical adj.植物学的 77. brave adj.勇敢的 ---bravery n.勇敢 ------coward n.懦弱的人, 胆小的人 78. boycott n./vt. 联合抵制, 排斥 79. breath n. 呼吸, 气息 -----breathe v.呼吸, 发出 ----breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的 80. bring vt. 拿来, 带来 ---brought(分去式)---brought（过去分词） 81. bury vt.埋葬, 掩埋, 隐藏 ---buried(过去式或过去分词) be buried in sth 埋头做某事 82. business n.商业, 买卖, 交易, 生意 ---businessman ----businesswoman 83. calculate v.计算, 考虑, 计划, 打算----calculation n.计算, 考虑 ----calculator n.计算机, 计算器 84. calm adj.(天气、海洋等)静的, 平静的, 镇静的, 沉着的 v. (使)平静, (使)镇定, 平息 calmness n.平静, 冷静, 镇静 85. care n.注意, 照料, vi.关心, 顾虑, 照顾, 喜爱vt.在意 ----careful(a.) ----careless (a.) 86. catch v.捕获, 赶上(车船等), 发觉, 感染（疾病）---(caught, caught) 87. caution n.小心, 谨慎, 警告 vt.警告 ----cautious adj. 小心的，谨慎的 88. celebration n.庆祝, 庆典 -----celebrate v.庆祝 89. certain adj.确定的, 某一个----certainly adv. -----certainty n. -----uncertainty n.无常, 不确定 90. challenge n.挑战 vt.向...挑战----challenging adj.具有挑战性的 91. change n.改变, 变化, 找回的零钱 vt.改变, 变革 ----changeable adj.可改变的 92. character n. 人物，特点，性格，品质----characteristic n. 特性，特征 93. chemical adj.化学的n.化学制品, 化学药品----chemist n.化学家, 药剂师-chemistry n.化学 94. choice n.选择, 抉择, 精选品----choose v.选择, 选定(chose, chosen) 95. cloth n.布, 织物, 衣料------clothes n.衣服, [总称]被褥, 各种衣服----clothing n.(总称)衣服 96. collect vt. 收集----collection n. 收藏, 征收, 搜集品, 捐款 ----collective adj.集体的 n.集体 97. comfort n.安慰, 舒适 vt.安慰 ----comfortable adj.舒适的 98. communicate v.沟通, 交流，传达-----communication n. 99. compete vi.比赛, 竞争 ----competition n.竞争, 竞赛 ----competitor n.竞争者 ---competitive adj. 竞争的；有竞争力的；（指人）好竞争的 100. conclude v.作出结论vt.推断-----conclusion n. 结论 101. confident adj.自信的, 确信的----confidence n.信心----confidently adv.信赖地, 安心地 102. conduct n.行为, 操行v. 组织, 实施，管理-----conductor n. (乐队)指挥 第三组： 1. crazy adj.疯狂的 ----craze n.狂热，疯狂；风行一时的东西； be crazy about 对…疯狂/着迷； like crazy拼命地；发疯似地 2．create vt.创造，产生 （syn.）----produce creative adj - -creation n. 创造，创建 ----creativity n.创造力 ----creator n.创造者；创作者 ----create jobs/opportunities/ a good image/ wealth 3. crime n.罪犯 ----criminal n.罪犯 ----commit a crime 犯罪 4. cross vt.穿过----crossing n.十字路口 ----crossroads n.交叉路口 ----at the crossroads 5. crowd n. 人群 vt. 拥挤----crowded adj. 拥挤的 ----crowdedness n. 6.cruel adj. 残忍的，残酷的---be cruel to sb ----cruelly adv.----cruelty n. 残忍 7. culture n.文化 ---cultural adj. ----cultural difference (shock) 文化差异；文化冲击 -----multi-culture 多元文化 8. cure n&v. 治疗；医好---a cure for cancer ----cure sb of one’s disease/one’s habit 9. curious adj. 好奇的；奇异的（about/to do sth） --curiosity n.好奇心；求知欲 satisfy one’s curiosity 满足好奇心 -----out of curiosity 出于好奇 10. cycle vi骑自行车；循环----recycle v.再循环，回收再用----cyclist n.骑自行车的人 11．damage n&vt 毁坏，损害 -----do /cause damage to (the earth) 对...造成损害 12 danger n.危险 dangerous adj. 危险的 endanger vt 使……濒临危险 ----endangered animals 濒危动物 be in danger/be at risk 处于危险中 13. dead. adj. 死的 the dead/living ----death n. 死亡 ----cause many deaths and injuries造成很多伤亡 deadly adj.致命的 die v. 死亡 dying adj. 垂死的，渴望的 be dying for sth./to do sth 14. decide n.决定 decisive adj. 决定性的 decision n. make a decision 15. declare vt.声明；断言 --- declaration n. declare war on Japan 像日本宣战 16. decorate vt.装饰，修饰 ---- decoration n. be decorated with 17. decline n&v.下降,婉拒 I offered to give them a lift but they declined . 18. decrease/increase n&v. 减少/增加--- increase/decrease to/by 20% 19. defend vt. 防守，保卫 ---defense in defense of 为保护某人 为……辩护 20. deliberate adj. deliberately adv.故意地 ---on purpose 21. delight n 快乐；乐事 delighted adj. be delighted with/by/at sb/sth take delight in 喜欢，以……为乐 delight sb 使某人高兴 to one’s delight 使某人高兴的是 22. deliver vt.投递，接生，发表讲话 deliver parcels/ a baby/ a speech delivery n. 23.depend vi依赖；依靠depend on sb dependent adj. 依赖的 be dependent on sb independent adj.独立的 be independent from/of sb independence n.独立 24. deep adj/adv. 深的 --deeply adj.深深的 -- depth n.深度 -- deepen v.加深 far/deep into the night深夜 be deeply moved/touched/affected ---Still water runs deep.静水流深/大智若愚 25. describe vt.描述，描写 description n. give a description of sth 26. design vt.设计 n.图案，图样 designer 设计师 be designed to 设计的目的是，计划是 27. desperate adj.不顾一切的；绝望的 ---be desperate for/to do sth 极渴望--- desperation n.绝望 28．destroy vt.破坏，毁坏-- destroyed buildings 被毁的建筑物 destruction n. cause destruction to sth 29. determine vt.决定，决心 be determined to do 决心做 determination n. 决心 30. develop v. 发展，使发达，开发 冲洗（照片）development --- with the development of developing world/developed world --- develop an interest in sth ----develop a new product 31.devote vt.把……奉献于； devote oneself/one’s life/one’s energy/time to sth/doing sth devotion n.忠心，奉献精神 be devoted to sb 挚爱某人，对……全心全意 32．differ vi. differ from sth in …在什么方面不同于… different adj. difference n. --tell the difference between A and B --- make a difference (to) 有影响，改变 ;大有作为 33. difficult adj. difficulty n.困难 with/without difficulty, have difficulty with sth./(in) doing sth 做某事有困难 34. direct adj.直接的 --（反）indirect speech间接引语 ----direct v.指挥，指导，导演 director n. 导演 ----direction n.方向 in the direction of朝…方向 35. disable v.使……残疾 ---disabled adj.残疾的 ---help the disabled帮助残疾人 ---disability n. ---The traffic accident disabled him. 36.disappear vi. 消失 （反）-- appear ---disappearance n. (反) appearance 37.disagree with sb on/about/over sth ---disagreement ----be in disagreement with 38. disappoint vt.使……失望 disappointment n. to one’s disappointment令某人失望的是 make sb disappointed ；sb. be/feel disappointed with sb./at sth.某人对…感到失望 39. discover vt.发现 discovery n. make a discovery 40.discrimination n.歧视 discriminate vt.歧视，区分 discriminate A from B把…区分开来 discriminate against women 歧视妇女 41.discuss vt discussion n.讨论 42.distance n.距离 distant adj.远的 ， 遥远的 in the distance 在远方 keep sb at a distance 疏远某人，与某人保持距离 43. distinguish v.辨别distinguish A from B /distinguish between A and B 区别/辨别… distinction n 差别 ；名声 44．distribute v.分布，分配 distribution n. 分配 distribute sth to /among sb把…分发/分配给… 45. disturb vt.打扰；扰乱 Don’t disturb the papers on my desk. ----disturbed adj.心神不宁的，心烦意乱的 ---disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的 a disturbing piece of news. 46.donate v.捐赠 donate sth to sb将…捐给… donation n. He donated 10,000$ to the earthquake disaster area. a donation of 200$ 二百美元的捐款 47. educate v.教育 educator教育者 education n. ---receive a good education受到良好的教育 48. effect n.效果，作用 effective adj.有效果的 affect v. 影响 have an effect on ---take effect起到作用,有效果 ---come into effect 生效；奏效 49. elect v. election n.选举 He was elected president of the USA in 1986. 50. electricity n. 电 electric adj.电的 electric wire 电线 electrical adj. 电气的 electrical engineering电气工程 electronic adj. 电子的 electronic equipment 51. embarrass v.使……尴尬 embarrassed adj. be embarrassed about对…感到尴尬 ---embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的，难为情的 ---embarrassment n. 52. employ v.雇佣 employer n. 雇主，老板 employee n. 雇工，雇员 employment n. 雇用，使用，职业 unemployment n. 失业 53. encourage v.鼓励 encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 discourage vt. 使……泄气 discourage sb from doing 劝阻某人不做某事 encouragement n. 鼓励 courage n.勇气 54. energy n.精力，能量 energetic adj.精力旺盛的 be full of energy=be energetic 55. enjoy vt. 欣赏，喜欢；享受……之乐趣 enjoy equality (freedom, peace) enjoy doing enjoyable adj.愉快的；有趣的 enjoyment n.享受;令人愉快的事物 Children like to share interests and enjoyments with their parents. 56．entertain v.招待，款待；使有兴趣；使快乐 entertainment n. 娱乐活动 entertaining adj. 有趣的，使人愉快的 57. environment n.环境 environmental adj. environmental protection/conservation / preservation 环境保护 environmentalist n.环境学家 58. equal adj.平等的 vt. 等于 be equal to等同；胜任 equally adv. treat sb equally equality n. the principle of equality before the law 法律面前人人平等的原则 59. equip vt.提供设备；装备 equipment (UC) n. a piece of equipment be equipped with Our office is equipped with modern equipment. 60 . escape n/vi 逃跑； 被忘掉 escape from being punished (punishment) a narrow escape 九死一生 an escaped prison 一名逃跑的犯人 61. Europe n.欧洲 European adj.欧洲的 n.欧洲人 a European 一名欧洲人 62．evident adj.明显的 evidence n.证据，迹象 The police haven’t found out the convincing evidence. 63. exam(examination) n.考试, 测验 -----examine v. 检查, 调查, 考试 With the approach of the college entrance examination, I study harder and harder. 64. excellent adj.卓越的, 极好的 -----excellence n.优秀, 卓越, 优点, 美德 65. exhibit vt. 展览; n.展品 Visitors are requested not to touch exhibits in the museum. exhibition n.展览，展览会There will be an exhibition on next week in the science museum. 65．exist vi.存在 existence n.生存，存在 come into existence 开始存在 existing adj 现存的，现行的 existing laws现行法律 Does life exist on other planets? 66. expect vt.预料，盼望；认为 expect sb to do I’m expecting your early reply. Don’t expect too much from your child. 不要对你的孩子期望太高。 expectation n.期望，预期 live up to your parents’ expectation不辜负父母的期望 have high expectation on sb.对某人有很高的期望 67.expense n.消费，支出 以……为代价 spare no expense to do不惜代价 at his own expense自费. at the expense of sb/sth 在牺牲……情况下，做某事 cut down one’s expense 减少开支 expensive / costly/dear adj.昂贵的 68.explain vt.解释 explanation n. 解释，说明 explain to sb. 向某人解释 He explained to me the reason why he was late again. 69.explode v.使爆炸 explosion n. explosive adj. 爆炸的;易爆炸的 70. expose vt.揭露；使面临（危险）be exposed to 暴露于；接触；遭受 Being exposed to the sunlight for a long time is harmful to your skin. ----exposure n. 71. express v. 表达；表示 I can’t express myself in English. expression n.表情，表达，词句--facial expression expressive adj. 富于表情的；有表现力的 72．extend vt延长，扩大，扩展 extend the deadline ---I’m sure you’ll join me in extending a very warm welcome to ou