全国成人高考专升本英语笔记-专升本英语小抄-专升本英语资料.doc

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1、参考资料来源：成人高考(专升本)英语大纲总的要求1. 应具备一定的听、说、读、写等综合运用英语语言的能力2. 考试题型和每一部分所占的分值：1）语音：10小题，共10分2）词汇与语法结构：40小题，共40分3）完型填空：10小题，共20分4）阅读理解：20小题，共60分5）短文写作：一篇短文，分值20分总分：150分语法 第一节 名 词（null） 大纲要求掌握： 一、可数名词与不可数名词 二、可数名词的复数形式 三、名词的所有格 四、名词在句子中的作用一、可数名词与不可数名词名词分可数与不可数两种。可数名词表示某类人或东西中的个体。如table, country。或表示若干个体组成的集合体。

2、如 family, people, committee, police。不可数名词表示无法分为个体的实物。如air, tea, furniture, water。或表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念。如work, information, advice, happiness。有些名词在一种场合下是可数名词,在另一种场合下是不可数名词。如room 房间（可数），空间（不可数）time 时间（不可数），次数（可数）fish 鱼（不可数），各种各样的鱼（可数）比较下列例句:There are nine rooms in the house. （房间，可数名词）There isnt enough r

3、oom for us three in the car . （空间，不可数名词）不可数名词的数量可以通过在其前面加单位词来表示。如： 一块肉 a piece of meat两条长面包 two loaves of bread三件家具 three articles of furniture一大笔钱 a large sum of money二、可数名词的复数形式可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。名词复数的构成如下：1一般情况下在名词后加-s。如：girls, books。浊辅音、元音结尾，s发z2以s, x , ch, sh结尾的词在名词后加-es。如：glasses, boxes, matches,

4、bushes。以s, x , ch, sh结尾,es发iz3辅音字母+y结尾的词，变y为i再加-es。如：city-cities, country-countries。4以o结尾的词多数加-es。如：heroes, tomatoes, potatoes。radios, zoos, photos, pianos, kilos 例外。5f, fe 结尾的词，多数变f，fe为v再加-es。如：thief-thieves, leaf-leaves, half-halves, life-lives, wife-wives, knife-knives。少数名词有不规则的复数形式。如：man-men, wo

5、man-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, child-children, mouse-mice。可数名词复数一般情况下考不规则复数形式。个别名词的单数和复数的形式是一样的。如Chineses, Japanese, sheep, deer。三、名词的所有格名词的所有格表示所属关系， 起形容词的作用。当名词表示有生命的东西时，所有格一般是在词尾加 s 。如：Jeans room, my daughter-in-laws friends, my daughters-in-laws friends, childrens books。如果名词已经有了复数词尾s, 则只需加。如

6、：the teachers books, my parents car。时间名词的所有格在后面加s ，复数加 。如：todays newspaper, five minutes walk。当名词表示无生命的东西时，所有格常由of短语构成。如：the top of the world, the cover of the book, Chinas capital。加 s 或 的名词所有格可以表示店铺或某人的家。如：the grocers, the tailors, the Smiths 。名词所有格考试常见部分是名词表示没有生命的东西时，不能直接在其后加s。时间名词所有格在其后加s，或复数名词后直

7、接加。四、名词在句子中的作用1主语是可数名词单数时，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。 All roads lead to Rome.（条条大路通罗马。） His brother is an industrial engineer.the number of 表示数量，无论后面名词是复数还是单数，谓语动词是单数形式。Two-thirds of the shop belongs to me.two-thirds 三分之二几分之几作主语，谓语是单数形式。Both of us are studying English.总结：在名词作主语时，the number of 谓语动词单数

8、形式；几分之几，谓语单数形式；both 谓语使用复数形式。2、主语是不可数名词、不定式或动名词词组、从句时，谓语动词用单数形式。 All the money he received was given to his mother. Forgetting the past means betrayal. What we are talking now is useless.3主语部分若有as well as, with, together with, like, but, except等短语，谓语动词的单、复数与短语前面的名词一致。 Mary, as well as her two sister

9、s, is a student of this school. （as well as her two sisters 作主语Mary的主语补足语，主语 Mary 是单数，所以谓语动词用单数形式） No one except my friends knows anything about it.4表示时间、距离、重量、价值等的复数名词作主语时，如果当作整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式。+()=算式中的谓语动词也用单数形式。 Three times two is six. Three kilometers is 3,ooo metres. (three kilometers作为整体来看）5Eithe

10、r, neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Neither of us has been to Italy. Has either of them been to Shanghai? none代表可数的人或东西时，谓语动词可以用单数也可以用复数，代表不可数的东西时，谓语动词用单数形式。 None of the students have/has seen the film. None of the money belongs to me.6主语由eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also连接时，谓语形式由最邻近的主语决定。 Not only you b

11、ut also I am wrong.7主语中有and，如果表示单一概念，谓语动词用单数。 The bread and butter is nice.8主语前有many a, more than one修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Many a book has been read by the students.many a book=many books More than one person has been to the Great Wall.9集合名词作主语，当作整体看待时，谓语动词用单数形式，当作每个独立的个体看待时，谓语动词用复数。 The committee meets on

12、ce a year. (作为整体） The committee are having a meeting now. （作为独立个体） People, police作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The police have come to arrest him.名词部分考试重点1、可数名词与不可数名词里，哪几个词是不可数名词。2、可数名词复数形式重点掌握不规则形式，单、复数相同的名词。3、名词所有格重点掌握时间名词所有格在其后加s,复数加。4、名词在句中的作用，重点掌握刚才的9点。考点测试1Ten days _ long enough for Mr. Carter to finish his

13、 design. He doesnt need any more.A. is B. has beenC. was D. had beenten days 作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数形式。（注意时态）答案 A2. Now, many people use the word Ms instead of Miss or Mrs, for example, before the names of _ in business letters.A. woman manager B. women managerC. woman managers D. women managersnames 是复数形式，其

14、后的名词肯定是复数。两个名词变为复数，两个都要变。答案 D3. The number of students who failed the chemistry examination _ to fifteen.A. have increasedB. has increased C. is increased D. are increasingthe number of 谓语动词用单数。答案 B4. Neither John nor his father _ able to wake up early enough to catch the morning train.A. wasB. were

15、 C. would be D. have beenneither.nor谓语动词跟相邻的主语一致。答案 A5. The room is eight _ long.A. footB. footsC. feet D. feetsfoot 英尺，复数形式 feet答案 C8. Not only the students but also their teacher _ at the meeting.A. was present B. were present C. have been presentedD. has been presentednot only. but also 谓语动词与相邻名词

16、一致。present 呈现，介绍答案 A9. One of the things she wrote about _ life on a small farm at the beginning of the century.A. is B. wasC. are D. wereone of 谓语用单数。答案 B10. Only about one out of twelve of the young men and women of this country _ college education.A. receive B. receives C. have received D. have b

17、een receivedone out of 谓语用单数形式。答案 B11. Never before _ so many people been engaged in producing goods just for the comfort of man.A. has B. have C. will D. wouldnever before开头，句子倒装。主语so many people为复数。engage in doing sth. 忙于做某事。答案 B12. At the bus stop were a soldier and two young people on their way

18、to North Carolina.A. were B. was C. is D. sits and waits主语 a soldier and two young people为复数答案 A13. There _ the last piece of cake and the last spoonful of ice cream.A. goes B. go C. gone D. was gone主语 the last piece of cake and the last spoonful of ice cream复数答案 B14. Mr. Brown, and not I , _ chosen

19、 to be the representative of the class.A. isB. am C. are D. have been主语 Mr.Brown答案 A15. The teacher, as well as a number of students, _ to attend the party.A. ask B. asks C. was asked D. were asked谓语动词与as well as前面的名词一致。答案 C 16. The hostess together with the guests of honor _ comfortably in the livi

20、ng room.A. was seatedB. seated C. were seated D. were seating谓语与 together with 前的名词一致be seated 就坐Please be seated ladies and gentlmen.Seat the boy next to his brother.答案 A17. The father, rather than the brothers, _ responsible for the accident.A. isB. are C. have been D. has主语 the father ，单数be respo

21、nsible for 对负责答案 A18. Either Carol or Grace _ to the concert, but one of them has to stay home.A. is coming B. are coming C. will coming D. have comeeither.or 谓语动词与临近主语一致。答案 A19. The total amount of money _ 100 dollars.A. isB. are C. has D. havemoney 不可数名词，谓语动词单数。答案 A20. Great quantities of fish _ o

22、n high seas.A. is caught B. are caught C. catchD. is catchingquantities 复数形式答案 B21. Either of the young ladies _ perfectly qualified to teach Greek and Latin.A. isB. are C. has D. haveeither打头，谓语动词单数。答案 A22. Having studied your report carefully, I am convinced that neither of your solutions _ correc

23、t.A. areB. is C. had D. willneither 两者都不，谓语动词单数。答案 B23. In some countries each of the citizens _ to decide government policies.A. helps B. helpC. are helped D. is helpedeach 每一个，谓语动词单数。答案 A24. The nurse added_ to the medcine to make the ease for the child to take.A. some sugar B. some sugars C. a su

24、gar D. sugarssuger 不可数名词答案 Atake medcine 吃药25. I like your furniture very much. Thank you. We bought _ in Beijing.A. the most of them B. the most of itC. most of them D. most of itfurniture 不可数名词答案 D第二节 冠 词第三节 代 词第四节 数词第五节 形容词与副词第六节 介 词第七节 连 词 第八节 动 词 第十节 句子的分类 第十一节 强调句、倒装句、省略句 词汇部分 掌握约3000个基础英语单词和相

25、应的常用词组。词汇考试主要是考单词和词组搭配。 构词法 英语的构词方法有三：合成（composition）,派生（derivation）和转换（conversion）. 一、合成 合成：合两个或两个以上的词而成为一个新词，这种构词的方法叫做合成。 1. 复合名词的主要构成方式 1）名词名词 classroom教室，newspaper 报纸 2）形容词名词 blackboard黑板,highway 公路， 3）动词名词 break-water防波堤 4）副词名词 outbreak爆发，overcoat 大衣 5）代词名词 he-goat公山羊，she-wolf 母狼 6）动词副词 break-d

26、own崩溃 7）名词介词短语 editor-in-chief 总编辑, father-in-law岳父2. 复合形容词的主要构成方式 1）名词形容词 snow-white 雪白的,world-wide全世界的 2）形容词形容词 bitter-sweet 又苦又甜的，blue-green 绿里发蓝的 3）副词形容词 ever-green 常绿的 4）名词分词 snow-covered 白雪盖着的，hand-made 手工制作的 5)形容词分词 good-looking 好看的 6）副词分词 well-meaning 好意的，well-informed消息灵通的 7)形容词名词 second-ha

27、nd旧的，用过的，第二手的 8）形容词名词-ed open-minded 胸襟开阔的，white-haired白发的 9）数词名词（ed） two-faced 两面派的，3. 复合动词的主要构成方式 1）副词动词 overcome克服，uphold支持，主张 2）名词动词 sun-bathe行日光浴二、派生 三、转换 完型填空 复习方法 在专生本考试中，完型填空占20分，10小题，每小题两分 复习方法： 1. 方法正确； 2. 保证足够的时间（10-15分钟） 主要考察内容： 对短文的理解；相关的词汇和语法知识 做题方法：首先通读全文Passage 1 Jeans are the most _

28、1_ kind of clothes in the world. They are popular almost _2_, in Japan, France, Indonesia, Canada and Brazil. Rich people and poor people wear them. Young people and even some old people wear them. Why are they popular? Who made the _3_ jeans? In 1849 two men discovered gold in California. Men from

29、the _4_ of the United States and other countries hurried there to look for gold, too. These miners needed some _5_ clothes. A young man from Germany _6_ Levi Strauss arrived in California in 1850. He went there to sell things to the miners. He saw that the miners needed strong pants, so he began to

30、make _7_. He used cloth _8_ people make tents from. He put rivets (铆钉) on the _9_ to make them strong, because the men put rocks in them. These pants were very strong and could _10_ a long time. The pants became very popular immediately. 1.A. nice B. unusual C. popular D. beautiful1. 选C 2.A. every w

31、here B. nowhere C. elsewhere D. somewhere 选A 3.A. popular B. early C. first D. latest 选C 4.A. part B. some parts C. many parts D. other parts 选D 6.A. name B. names C. namedD. naming 选C 5.A. soft B. tough C. kind D. pretty 选B 7.A. pantsB. clothes C. it D. them 选A 8.A. that B. wha C. the D. those 选A 本

32、题如果有which, 也可以选。 如果本句为He used cloth from_ 答案就只能选which 9.A. pants B. pockets C. clothes D. jeans选B 10.A. wear B. useC. wash D. last A的正确答案为 be worn选D 涉及到上下文的有7道，涉及到语法的有1道 阅读理解阅读理解的问题可分为：主题思想判断细节定位逻辑推理1.主题思想判断常见的问题为：The best title for the passage is_.This passage talks mainly about_.The main idea of t

33、his passage isWhat does this passage mainly discuss?2. 细节定位when, where, who, why, how. 常见的问题有：According to the passage, which of the following is true?According to the passage, which of the following in NOT true?According to the passage, all of the following are true EXCEPT?The passage suggests that

34、How/When/Where does something happen?3逻辑推理常见的问题为：From the passage, it can be inferred thatThis passage has probably been taken from这类问题一般有三个特点：1.不违背推理原则； 2. 推断条件充分; 3. 理解题的答案不明显。 如果问题中有了imply, suggest, infer等表示暗示意义的词时，解题时切不可把原文中已明确陈述的事实作为答案。另外要特别注意文中出现的修饰语。 有些阅读考查学生的推理能力。这类的问题一般不能从文章中直接找出答案，应该找到相关信息

35、在文章中的位置，联系上下文进行推理。如一篇文章中有这样的一句话：If you make a five-day trip across the Atlantic Ocean, your ship enters a different time zone every day.后面有一个问题：From this passage it seems true that the Atlantic Ocean_.A. is in on e time zoneB. is divided into twenty-four zonesC. is divided into five time zonesD. can

36、not be crossed in five days 在阅读考试中，的常识和知识面与阅读能力同样重要，平时应该进行广泛阅读。如在一篇谈到地球上时区划分的文章中有这样的一个问题：The international date line is the name for_.A. the beginning of any new time zoneB. any point where time changes by one hourC. the point where a new day beginsD. any time zone in the Pacific Ocean 阅读理解的方法：作文写作授

37、课要点短文写作总分20分。短文写作部分要求写出一篇80字左右的短文。题材以记叙文为主，试卷可能给出题目或规定情景或段首句。短文写作的要求为：能够正确表达思想，意义连贯，无重大语言错误。写作内容涉及生活，一般常识和私人信件。短文写作中的题目我们也可以称作命题写作。情景写作也就是便条写作。段首句式的写作可以称为主题句式的写作。一、英语写作训练的要点成考英语写作范文1My Favorite Sport（我最喜爱的运动）My favorite sport is swimming. There are three reasons why I like the sport best.First, it i

38、s good for keeping fit. It benefits the heart, the lungs（肺）and the limbs（四肢）. Thanks to the sport, I lost my weight and I am graceful in form.Second, it is easy to find a place to swim. In the country, I can swim in lakes and rivers. In the city, there are many swimming pools spotted among the resid

39、ential areas.Third, it can be done in any weather. It is very cool swimming in hot summer. In cold weather, swimming is especially refreshing.Swimming is a very popular sport. I hope you can enjoy it too.2Sports1你喜欢什么运动2你如何喜欢上这种运动 3运动对你有什么益处（工作、学习和生活）Just as lots of teenagers take to pop music, I lo

40、ve basketball. Its part of my life. I began to play basketball in my childhood. I still remember the good old days when I played with my classmates after school. Later on, as I grew up, almost everything changed, but this sport-playing basketball remained and my love of it grew even stronger.I love

41、this sport because it brings joys and health to my life. When I got tired from office work, I went to the sports ground and felt refreshed. If there were worries and cares from daily life, I went to the sports ground. There everything went away except basketball. It is basketball that keeps me in go

42、od shape and mood.47A notice (通知)你叫李平，是英语系学生会主席。写一封信给王教授，请他做一个有关中国历史的报告。注意信中要包括目的、时间、日期和地点。 May 19,2002 Dear Professor Wang: On behalf of the Student Union of the English Department, I am writing to invite you to give a lecture on Chinese history. We have planned to have such a lecture at 2:30 p m. in Lecture Hall 419, on May 25. Looking forward to your lecture. Inform us in advance if you can not come. Sincerely yours, Li Ping郑州成考报名热线：0371-66981178 15038243862QQ: 1341798985地址：郑州市大学路18号（老郑大东门斜对面）金源大厦13楼1310室焦作报名热线：0391-3600978 QQ：1040979098 2364801266地址：焦作市解放中路142号老理工大学院内二号教学楼西侧宿教管理中心一楼103室6