导学案必修五Unit1(7).doc

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1、襄阳一中 高二年级 导学提纲 英语必修五 编写：梅竹 审核：宋书帆 使用时间： 姓名： 考号： Unit 1 Great scientists（Period 5 Grammar）【学习目标】1. 理解语法：过去分词作定语和表语。 2. 能独立完成涉及过去分词用法的练习题，并能活用于书面表达。【学法指导】1. 认真阅读导学案，领会过去分词作定语和表语用法。2. 独立完成自测试题，再通过小组讨论、讲解等方式理解每道题考点和原因。【知识链接】过去分词作定语和表语一、概述过去分词是非谓语动词的一种重要形式。过去分词可以和助动词be/ have/ had等构成被动语态和完成时态，还可以用作定语、表语、状

2、语和宾语补足语等。从语法功能分析，过去分词兼有动词、形容词或副词的特性。过去分词通常与逻辑主语之间存在被动关系，表示被动或完成。二、过去分词作定语1过去分词作定语时的意义不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表示动作已完成，不表示被动的意义；及物动词的过去分词作定语表示被动意义或已完成的被动动作。(1)只表示完成不表示被动fallen leaves落叶the risen sun 升起的太阳a retired teacher 一位退休的教师(2)表示被动an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人a guided trip 一次有导游的旅行(3)表示被动和完成the broken glass 碎了

3、的杯子the question discussed yesterday昨天讨论的问题a divided country 一个分裂的国家（4）过去分词作定语表示情绪：amaze, embarrass, interest, excite, disappoint, encourage, move, surprise, astonish, delight, frighten, inspire, please, puzzle, terrify, shock, satisfy, worry, confuse, amuse, tire等。这些动词构成的过去分词实际上已经成了形容词它们常用来修饰人。2.过去分

4、词的位置前置定语后置定语前置定语：单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之前。The broken vase has been thrown outside.那个打烂的花瓶已被扔到外面去了。The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.受伤的工人现在正在医院受到良好的照料。后置定语：过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。The suggestion (which had been) sent to the committee was adopted.呈送给委员会

5、的建议被采纳了。The name of the film starred in by Gao Yuanyuan(which was starred in by Gao Yuanyuan) was Lets Get Married.这部由高圆圆主演的电影的名字叫咱们结婚吧。注意1过去分词的变形being done （正在进行的被动） to be done（将来的被动）2现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别(1)过去分词与所修饰的名词之间存在被动关系，表示一个已完成的动作。现在分词与所修饰的名词之间是主动关系，它表示一个正在进行的动作。This is a letter written in black

6、ink. 这是一封用黑墨水写的信。There are so many people showing interest in surfing the Internet. 那么多人对上网感兴趣。(2)过去分词作定语表示被修饰的人或相关的人的自身感受，现在分词作定语表示被修饰的人或物对别人造成的感受。Have you noticed the surprised expression on his face? 你注意到他脸上惊讶的表情了吗？(他很惊讶)What came to us was surprising news. 我们得到的是令人吃惊的消息。(消息令人吃惊)三、过去分词作表语1过去分词可放在

7、系动词be，get，feel，remain，seem，look，become等之后作表语，表示主语所处的状态。He seemed quite delighted at the news. 听到这个消息他似乎很高兴。The door remained locked. 门仍然锁着。2过去分词作表语多表示人自身的感觉、感受或事物自身的状态，可译作“感到的”；现在分词作表语则多表示事物具有的特性，常译作“令人的”。He became discouraged. 他泄气了。The situation proves encouraging. 形势是令人鼓舞的。注意过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别“be过去分

8、词”表示状态时，是系表结构，此时分词通常已形容词化；表示动作时，是被动语态，且绝大多数被动结构中的动作执行者由介词by引出。The book is well written.(系表结构，强调主语所处的状态) 这本书写得很好。The book was written by a soldier.(被动语态，强调主语所承受的动作) 这本书是一位战士写的。【自测试题】对接高考1. (2012山东高考)After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _. A. providing B. provi

9、ded C. having provided D. provide 2. (2012重庆高考)Were having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _ at the meeting will influence the future of our company. A. to be made B. being made C. made D. having been made3. (2012浙江高考)“Its such a nice place, ”Mother said as she sat at the table _ for custome

10、rs. A. to be reserved B. having reserved C. reserving D. reserved4. (2011全国卷)The island, _ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined5. (2011湖南高考)The players _ from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. A. selecting

11、 B. to select C. selected D. having selected 6. (2010重庆高考)Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one _ first is the library. A. repaired B. being repaired C. repairing D. to be repaired 7. (2010福建高考)In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained _ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud. A.

12、sticking B. stuck C. to be stuck D. to have stuck 8. (2013高考湖南卷)You cannot accept an opinion _ to you unless it is based on facts.Aoffering Bto offer Chaving offered Doffered9. (2013高考陕西卷)The witnesses _ by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.Aquestioned Bbeing question

13、ed Cto be questioned Dhaving questioned 10. The boy in the last exam is a student of Class E.A. catching cheating B. caught cheated C. catching cheated D. caught cheating【当堂训练】完成句子1. I wonder if those the classroom hear me and raise my voice. (seat) 我不知道坐在教室后面的学生是否能听到我的声音，于是我提高了嗓音。2. The soil by the

14、 storm blocked the river. (wash) 被风暴冲走的泥沙阻塞了河道。3. It is one of the funniest things so far this year. (find) 这是今年迄今为止在网上发现的最有趣的事情之一。4. The Town Hall was the most distinguished building at that time. (complete) 上世纪完工的大会堂是当时最杰出的建筑物。5. What was asked to do , so they had no time to take part in such an a

15、ctivity. (remain) 他们被要求做的事还没有完成，因此他们没时间参加这个活动。6. At the beginning of the class, the noise of desks could be heard outside the classroom.(open) 刚开始上课时，在教室外都能听见开关书桌的声音。7. He seemed quite the idea that everyone had the right to speak out at the conference. (please) 他似乎对每个在会议上都有权力提出看法这一想法很满意。8. The driv

16、er a big snow and lost in the wild. (catch) 这个司机一定遇上了大雪，并在荒地里迷路了。9. The teacher the result and left the office quickly. (seem) 这个老师对结果似乎失望了，很快地离开了教室。10. The boy by the police had no parents. (ask) 被警察询问事情真相的男孩已经失去了父母双亲。 选做题：1. Can those _at the back of the classroom hear me? A. seat B. seated C. sit

17、 D. sat 2. It is one of the strangest things _in our city so far this year. A. to find B. finding C. being found D. found 3. They finished the project in less than half the time_. A. allowing B. to allow C. allowed D. allows 4. The house _about 50 years ago was damaged in an earthquake. A. to be bui

18、lt B. having been built C. built D. being built 5. When the teacher arrived at the classroom this morning, he found the _ window had been repaired. A. breaking B. broken C. broke D. break 6. There was an _ look on his face when the actress appeared. A. excited B. excite C. exciting D. excitement 7.

19、The little boy said he would get _if he came home late. A. shout at B. to shout at C. shouted at D. to be shouted at 8. The old woman didnt sound _when I told her the news. A. surprised B. surprising C. surprisingly D. to surprise 9. My neighbor was very upset because his car got _last weekend. A. s

20、teal B. stolen C. stealing D. to steal 10. The children looked _, so the teacher had to explain it again. A. puzzle B. puzzling C. puzzled D. to puzzle 11. Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying 12. As we joined the

21、 big crowd I got _ from my friends. A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed 13. Dont use words expressions or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known 14. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out i

22、n the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written 15. Ladies and gentlemen, please remain _until the plane has come to a complete stop. A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating 16. Im very _ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious. - Mm. It does

23、have a _ smell. A. pleasant；pleased B. pleased；pleased C. pleasant；pleasant D. pleased；pleasant 17. Mr. Smith _ of the _ speech started to read a novel. A. tired；boring B. tiring；bored C. tired；bored D. tiring；boring 18. The Olympic Games _ in 776 B.C. did not include women players until 1912. A. fi

24、rst playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing 19. Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited 20. For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _on his own farm. A. grown B. being grown C. to

25、 be grown D. to grow 21. I dont know the girl _ in the snow storm. A. to catch B. caught C. catching D. to be catching 22. The girl _ down by a car was dying. A. knock B. knocking C. knocked D. to knock 23. The problem _ so quickly last evening will not be set again anywhere. A. having been settled

26、B. settle C. be settled D. settled 24. He talked to me like a _ older brother. A. concern B. concerned C. concerning D. being concerned 25. He talked about at his suggestions _ by you yesterday. A. been turned down B. turned down C. to be turned down D. to turn down （Key：1-5 BDCCB 6-10 ACABC 11-15 BADDC 16-20 DACAA 21-25 BCDBB） 2 / 2