第八讲动词.doc

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1、第八讲 动词 动词一直是全国各省市中考的考查重点，省的中考尤其重视对动词的考查。以单项选择这种题型为例总共15个小题，涉及到动词的单项选择题有8个；有5个小题涉及到动词；是7个小题；是6个小题；涉及到动词的单项选择题也是6个小题。考查动词最多的年份是，占单项选择题总题数的53.33%, 单项选择题考查动词最少的年份是，也占单项选择题总题数的三分之一。在完形填空的两种形式中涉及到动词的比例也比拟高，是6个小题总题数15小题；是7个小题总题数25小题；是8个小题总题数25小题；是9个小题总题数25小题；是6个小题总题数25小题。由上述数据统计可知动词在中考试题中所占的分量。可以说对动词的掌握情况直

2、接决定考生的分数。 根据近五年我省中考单项选择题型考查动词知识点的分布情况，本讲分为五个章节来复习。第一章节 动词的分类与辨析I. 考点讲解 动词包括实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。一、实义动词 实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。按其句法作用可分为及物动词和不及物动词。1. 及物动词 及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。 1动词 + 宾语 Eg1. I have a computer. 我有一台电脑。 2动词 + 宾语+ 宾补 Eg1. We call him Bill. 我们叫他比尔。 Eg2. I saw Tom play in the park yesterday. 昨天

3、我看见汤姆在公园玩。 Eg3. We must keep our classroom clean. 我们必须保持教室干净。 注意：带省略to的不定式或现在分词做宾补的动词有：make, let, have, see, watch, notice, hear等。 3动词 + 间接宾语 (指人) + 直接宾语 (指物) Eg1. Please pass me the book. 请把那本书递给我。 常见的带双宾语的动词有：give, bring, buy, get, cook, leave, lend, make, offer, pass, teach, tell, write, read, re

4、turn等。2. 不及物动词 不及物动词自身意思完整，无需接宾语。 Eg1. Horses run fast. 马跑得快。 Eg2. They work in a factory. 他们在工厂工作。有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。 Eg1. We study English. 我们学习英语。及物动词 Eg2. We study hard. 我们努力学习。不及物动词 Eg3. Boys fly kites. 男孩们放风筝。及物动词 Eg4. Birds can fly. 鸟会飞。不及物动词有些不及物动词与一些别的词搭配在一起构成短语动词，它的作用等于一个及物动词，要注意积累。1动词 +

5、介词 Eg1. Look at the blackboard. 看着黑板。 Eg2. Listen to me carefully. 认真听我讲。 2动词 + 副词 Eg1. He turned off the light when he left. 他离开时把灯关了。 Eg2. He picked it up and gave it to me. 他把它捡起来给了我。 注意：动副短语接代词作宾语时必须插在动词和副词之间。 3动词 + 副词 + 介词 Eg1. Lets go on with the work. 让我们继续这项工作吧。 Eg2. He gets along well with

6、his classmates. 他与他的同学们相处得很好。 4动词 + 名词 + 介词 Eg1. He takes pride in doing a good job well. 他以做好工作而自豪。 Eg2. Please pay attention to the phrases in the article. 请注意文章中的词组。 Eg3. We can make good use of air. 我们可以充分利用空气。注意：这类词组的名词前可以加形容词作定语。3. 延续性动词和非延续性动词延续性动词表示动作是可持续的，可以和表示一段时间的时间短语连用。如：live, stay, keep

7、, teach等。Eg1. We have lived in China since . 自从以来，我们一直住在中国。Eg2. You can keep the book for two weeks. 这本书你可以借两周。非延续性动词短暂性动词表示瞬间动作，动作一经发生立即结束。如：buy, lend, borrow, die, stop, finish, arrive, join, go, come等。短暂性动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如果和表示一段时间的状语连用，要对其进行转化用其他词代替。Eg1. He has been here for five days. 他到这儿已经5天了。

8、不能用has arrived here或has come hereEg2. The film has been on for ten minutes. 电影已经开演10分钟了。不能用has begun二、系动词 系动词本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语所处的状态、性质、特征或身份。 常见的系动词有：be, become, get (成为；变得), look (看上去), seem (似乎；好似)，turn (变得), sound (听起来), smell (闻起来), taste (尝起来)等。三、助动词 助动词本身无词汇意义或意义不完整，不能单独用作谓语。它必须和

9、别的动词连用，帮助构成时态，语态，否认和疑问句式。常见的助动词有be, have, has, do, does, did, will, shall等。一助动词be (am, is are, was, were) 1. 加现在分词，构成进行时态。 Eg1. The students are having class. 学生们正在上课。 Eg2. I was doing my homework at this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候我正在做家庭作业。 2. 加过去分词，构成被动语态。 Eg1. The baby was taken good care of by his gr

10、andmother. 这个婴儿被他奶奶照顾得很好。 Eg2. Paper is often used to print books. 纸常用来印刷书籍。 二助动词have (has, had) 1. 加过去分词，构成完成时态。 Eg1. We have learned English for five years. 我们学了五年英语。 Eg2. He had finished his homework before his classmates came to school.在他的同学到校之前他已经完成了家庭作业。 2. 加 been + 动词的现在分词，构成完成进行时。 Eg1. He ha

11、s been living in Beijing since he was born. 自从他一生下来就一直住在。 三助动词do/does/did用于构成疑问句和否认句；用于倒装句；加强说话的语气或代替前面刚出现的动词等。 Eg1. He goes to school by bike.-Does he go to school by bike?-He doesnt go to school by bike. Eg2. Do be quiet, children. 孩子们，务必保持安静。 Eg3. Only then did I realize it. 直到那时我才意识这一点。 Eg4. I d

12、ont like his new look, but my mom does. 我不喜欢他的新面貌，可我妈妈喜欢。 四助动词will和shall用于构成将来时。shall与第一人称连用，常用于疑问句中 Eg1. There will be more trees in one hundred years. 一百年后将会有更多的树。 四、情态动词有一定的词义，本身并不表示动作或状态，而仅仅表达说话人的态度。在句中不能单独作谓语，必须和主要动词一起构成谓语。II 每年全国各省市英语中考题中考查动词或动词短语的辨析的题数不少，省也是这样。下面我们来分析近五年来省中考涉及到动词辨析的单项选择题。26.-

13、It looks like a television. Do you think so?-Yes, I_.A. understand B. know C. mean D. agree答案：D【解析】单个动词辨析题。上句的意思为“它看起来像是一台电视机。你认为是这样吗？。下句通过Yes这个词表示赞同对方的观点，只有agree (同意；赞成)符合上下文，应选D。35. -Nancy, how long does it take to fly to Canada?-Sorry, I dont know. But I can telephone my father to _it for you.A.

14、do B. check C. catch D. find答案：B【解析】单个动词辨析题。上句意思是：南希，坐飞机到加拿大要多长时间？下句的意思为：对不起我不知道，但我可以打 给我爸爸给你_一下。通过上下文可知是“核查一下，只有check有此意，应选B。32.-_ the socks, Jim. You shouldnt throw them everywhere.-OK, Mom.A. Drive B. Take off C. Try on D. Put away答案：D【解析】动词短语辨析题。选项A意为“驾驶；选项B意为“脱下；选项C意为“试穿；选项D意为“放好；收起来。由You shoul

15、dnt throw them everywhere.这句可知妈妈要Jim把袜子收好，别扔得到处都是。应选D。37. Dont _too late, or youll feel tired in tomorrows classes. A. stay up B. wake up C. get up D. give up答案：A【解析】动词短语辨析题。选项A意为“熬夜；加夜班；选项B意为“醒来；选项C意为“起床；选项D意为“放弃。由题干的后句：否那么明天上课你会感觉疲惫的，可知是在劝对方别熬夜，应选A。29.Go along the street. The museum is just on you

16、r right. You cant _ it.A. make B. find C. miss D. fail答案：C【解析】单个动词辨析题。题干的意思是：沿着这条街道走。博物馆就在你的右边。你不会错过的。应选C。此题容易误选为B，因为是没有注意后面是否认句。27.Dont do any other things while you are doing your homework. So please _ your MP3. A. turn up B. turn down C. turn on D. turn off答案：D【解析】动词短语辨析题。选项A意为“调大音量；选项B意为“调低音量；选项

17、C意为“翻开；选项D意为“关掉。题干的前句是说做家庭作业时不要做其他别的事，自然而然是要把MP3“关掉了，应选D。36.-Can I help you? -I bought this watch here yesterday, but it _ work.A. wont B. didnt C. doesnt D. wouldnt答案：C【解析】助动词辨析题。由上下文可知昨天在这买的手表现在不会走了，所以要求调换。在一般现在时态中对行为动词实行疑问或否认要借助于助动词do或does，后句的主语是it，故用does，选C。此题容易误选为B。28. -Do you know the way to t

18、he post office? -Yes. Follow me and Ill _ you. A. call B. pick C. show D. invite答案：C【解析】单个动词辨析题。上句问：你能告诉我去邮局的路吗？下句答：行。跟我来，我指给你看。根据上下文只有选项C符合题意。28. I hated my new school at first, but I made lots of friends and now I _it. A. get B. take C. fit D. love 答案：Dbut连接，可知前后分句的意思相对或相反，前面有hate，可知后面选love，应选D。 由

19、上面的分析我们可知，我省中考题考动词辨析的趋势是：通过具体的语境挑选符合上下文的意义的动词，不同选项的动词意义区别较为明显。尽管近两年这一类题目有减少的趋势，但是我们在复习备考时也不能掉以轻心，因为动词及动词短语数量众多，范围比拟广。只要平时多做积累，注意搜集那些重要的动词及短语，把握准每一个动词和动词短语的意义，找一些针对性的习题做一做。解题时注意推敲上下文的联系，选出正确答案也不是很难的。III、针对性练习( ) 1.【 】Dont _ too late, or you will feel tired in class.A. wake up B. get up C. stay up D.

20、stand up( ) 2.【】 Speak louder, please. I cant _ you. A. see B. hear C. write( ) 3.【】Whats your plan for this weekend? Im going to _ it with my grandparents. A. cost B. spend C. give D. pay( ) 4.【】Mrs. Green is _ her purse, but she cant _ it. A. looking for; find B. looking at; findC. seeing; looking

21、 for D. finding; look for( ) 5.【】You should take off your shoes before you _the new flat.A. leave B. find C. choose D. enter( ) 6.【】We shouldnt _ our hopes. Everything will be better.A. put up B. cheer up C. fix up D. give up( ) 7.【】What a nice coat! I ll take it.But youd better _ first. I m afraid

22、it may be small for you.A. try it on B. pay for it C. put it on ( ) 8.【市】Its very hot here. Why not _your coat?A. put on B. put off C. take off( ) 9.【】I was so tired this morning that I couldnt _ early as usual.A. get up B. get on C. get off D. give up( ) 10.【】If we try our best, our dream will _ on

23、e day.A. work out B. come trueC. put up D. show off( ) 11.【】Li Na has won the championship in France Tennis Open. All the Asians her challenging spirit and excellent English.A. are proud ofB. take care of C. get along with( ) 12.【】-These problems are too hard to . Will you give me some advice? -Ther

24、e are many ways. The mostt important is to have a careful plan. A. work out B. look out C. hand out D. break out( ) 13.【】- Do you take exercise every day? -Yes. I always thirty minutes after supper. A. spend B. cost C. take D. pay( ) 14.【 】Dont bring food to the party. If you_, Ill take it away. A.

25、are B. do C. will( ) 15.【 】Dont_ the TV. My baby is sleeping now.A. turn on B. turn off C. turn down( ) 16.【 】When I was young, my father used to_ me some interesting stories.A. say B. tell C. talk( ) 17.【】-All the oil in the world will have _ some day. -Yeah. What shall we use for power at that tim

26、e? A. given awayB. put awayC. run outD. set out( ) 18.【】-I think you can _ money by yourself to buy a birthday present for your mother. -OK. Ill try. Ill not let a penny waste. A. spendB. saveC. costD. leave( ) 19.【】- What is the name of the song you sang just now? It _beautiful.- It is You and me.

27、A. heard B. listenedC. sounded( ) 20.【】Li Na, a word-famous tennis player from Wuhan, never _her dream, She has just set a new record in the French Open.A. gave away B. gave up C. gave out D. gave in( ) 21.【 】This dress looks beautiful on you. How much is it? It_ me more than a thousand yuan.A. spen

28、t B. cost C. took D. paid( ) 22.【 】Im afraid a car is too expensive for me. But more and more Chinese can_ to buy one.A. expect B. afford C. choose D. offer( ) 23.【 】How long can I have your dictionary? - _it till next term.A. Hold B. Take C. Return D. Keep( ) 24.【】The lady _ dancing as a hobby in h

29、er sixties, and she is really good at it now.A. dressed up B. looked up C. took up D. put up( ) 25.【】Will you please help me to repair the computer now?Sorry. Im too busy and I havent a minute to _.A. spare B. share C. spend D. save( ) 26.【阜康】On October 15, China its second lunar orbiter Change 2.A.

30、 set out B. set off C. sent up D. sent out( ) 27.【】If you dont work hard for most of the year and then work hard for only a few days before the exam, you will probably . A. succeed B. finish C. fail D. pass( ) 28.【】The T-shirt looks nice on you! How much does it ?I just ten dollars for it.A. take; a

31、fforded B. cost; paid C. cost; spent( ) 29.【】Many volunteers food and water to the local people in Japan after the tsunami. A. gave out B. cut out C. put out D. found out( ) 30【】We should never _till tomorrow what we can do today. A. put on B. put off C. give up D. give away( ) 31.【】Jack, could you

32、help me when the plane will take off on the Internet? Im sorry, my computer doesnt work.A. get out B. look out C. take out D. find out( ) 32.【】The little girl _ her seat to an old man on the bus.What a kind girl! A. brought B. offered C. gave D. lent( ) 33.【】 I _ 5,ooo yuan on this iPhone. Wow, so m

33、uch! I cant afford it.A. spentB. paid C. cost( ) 34.【】If it is dark,_ the lights, please. A. pick up B. look at C. turn on D. play with( ) 35.【】What a big storm last night! Yes. I was doing my homework. Suddenly, all the lights in my house _. A. went off B. turned off C. took off D. got off( ) 36.【

34、】-Marcia, could you please_my dog when Im on vacation?-Yes, sure. A. look after B. look at C. look for( ) 37.【 】My best friend Alex failed in the math competition. Id like to_.A. dress him up B. pick him up C. cheer him up( ) 38.【湖南】You are ill. You had better _ the doctor right now. A. look at B. s

35、ee C. watch( ) 39.【】Your bedroom is so dirty. Would you please _, Peter? OK, mum. Ill do it right away. A. set it up B. put it on C. pick it up D. clean it up( ) 40.【】The girl _ the woman. Maybe she is her daughter. A. takes care B. takes after C. takes off D. looks after( ) 41.【】We must_ using plas

36、tic bags in order to protect our earth.A. give out B. give up C. give away D. give in( ) 42.【】She likes reading. She usually_ some books from the library.A. buys B. lends C. borrows( ) 43.【菏泽】 Mary is tired of learning because she is_ to do better than she can, both at school and at home. A. thought

37、 B. expected C. hoped D. helped ( ) 44.【】Smoking is not allowed in public places since May 1st. It may be a good chance for some people to _ smoking. A. put up B. give upC. pick up D. look up( ) 45.【】When you have difficulty, do remember to _. Two heads are better than one. A. make a decisionB. give

38、 up C. ask for help D. give advice( ) 46.【】Every year driving after drinking wine _ a lot of traffic accidents.A. happens B. provides C. causes( ) 47.【】33. Which scarf do you prefer?The red one. It _more comfortable.A. tastes B.feels C. gets( ) 48.【】Dont _ the bus until it has stopped. Safety is fir

39、st. A. get along B. get go C. get off D. get up( ) 49.【】Han Han is a popular writer. His new book will _ this September. A. come up B. come in C. come outD. come on( ) 50.【】Some parents might worry that their childrens hobbies can _ schoolwork.A. get the way of B. get on the way of C. get on well wi

40、th D. get in the way of( ) 51.【】 How is your English study?-Not bad. But I_learning English grammar.A. am interested in B. am good at C. have a little trouble D. have no trouble( ) 52. 【】The tour guide has made the route for the school trip. We dont need to _ that. A. be worried about B. be afraid o

41、f C. be sorry for( ) 53.【】How I wish I could sleep longer! However, I had to get up as soon as the alarm clock _.A. ran off B. went off C. took off ( ) 54.【】- I need a costume for tomorrows performance, but its too expensive. - Why not _ one?A. buy B. rent C. lend ( ) 55.【】The two pictures look the

42、same to me. Its hard to_ one from the other.A. speak B. say C. talk D. tell( ) 56.【】Look at the sign “No Smoking.Sorry, Ill _ my cigarette at once. A. put up B. put out C. put on D. put off( ) 57.【】We had _ the sports meet because of the heavy rain.A. put away B. put up C. put off D. put on( ) 58.【】

43、I dont know the new word. It doesnt matter, you can _ in the dictionary. A. look up it B. look it up C. look for it( ) 59.【】-Shall we go and _ hello to the foreign teachers? -Good idea! Lets go.A. say B. speak C. talk D. shout( ) 60.【】The sweater is very nice. Ill take it.But youd better _ first. I think it is a little large