英语国家社会与文化学习知识要点汇总.doc

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1、.*Unit OneIntroduction& Unit 1The Society and Culture of Major English-Speaking Countries课程名称：英语国家社会与文化本课内容：The Society and Culture of Major English-Speaking Countries授课时间：90分钟教学目的: 通过本节课的教学，使学生了解英语国家社会与文化课程的主要内容与要求，了解文化的概念；同时对英国有一个总体上的了解。教学意义: 帮助学生了解主要英语国家的社会与文化概貌，如地理、历史、政治、经济、社会生活和文化传统等方面的基本知识。教学重

2、点: 文化的概念； 英国基本情况。教学难点: 英国概况教学方式：以电子课件为主，辅以少量板书的课堂讲授。教学内容: (详见下页）1.什么是文化？2英国 国土与人民英国的不同名称及其区域 3. 伦敦概况教学方法：采取教师教授为主，结合学生课堂讨论。时间分配: What is culture? (10 分钟.); Whats the relation between Culture and society? (10 分钟); Why should we learn culture (10 分钟); UK- a complicated country with a complicated name

3、(40 分钟)A Brief Idea about London. (20 分钟)课堂板书: 1. Culture-the foundation of communication2. The four parts of UK3. Main cities of England London Birmingham-second largest city of England. Liverpool-second largest port of England Manchester- industrial and commercial centre.课后作业: Exercises in Unit 1

4、Unit OnePart One 1.What is culture?Culture-the foundation of communicationCulture is very abstract and complicated. Concretely speaking, it refers to all the aspects of social life, such as, the values, the practices of a society and social conventions, education, politics, art or literature,languag

5、e,ideas,etc.文化即是人们所思,所言(言语和非言语),所为,所觉的总和.文化是无处不在的,具体说来,包括社会生活的一切方面,如:价值观念,生活行为方式,社会规范等,乃至艺术,政治,经济, 教育,修养,文学,语言,思想等.2. Whats the relation between Culture and society?1)Culture is a separate idea from society, although culture and society are interrelated and cannot exist without each other. 2)Culture

6、 is a system of values (or beliefs) and norms (or behaviour). A society is a system of interrelationships which connect or bind individuals together.3. Why should we learn culture?1)Requirement of communication2) Language and culture are inseparable3)Culture acquisition is important for the study of

7、 literature.Part TwoUK- a complicated country with a complicated nameStatus in the worldEffects of its Imperial Past-“an empire in which the sun never set”（日不落帝国）:1. one of five permanent members of the UN Security Council, a founding member of NATO, and of the Commonwealth, 2. Member of European Un

8、ion and the Group of seven3.The make-up of the British population (Immigration has produced a population of which 1 in 20 are of non-European ethnicity.)II. The effects of its imperial past* The days of empire ended after World War II1.The effects were mainly encountered in the close relationships w

9、hich exist with the 50 or more colonies of that empire, and which maintain links through Commonwealth of Nations. But more important international relation is its membership in the European Union since 1973.2.The makeup of the British population- immigration from India, Pakistan, or Caribbean (西印度群岛

10、与中南美洲海域) countries in the 1950s and1960s. 1/20 are non-European ethnicity.III.The features of British society:1.a multiracial societyRacial, gender, class, regional and economic differences in the societya multi-racial society: most are Christians and because of immigration, many are Muslims; gender

11、 difference: male and female live different livesclass difference: the class structure of UK society is relatively obvious (A white-collar workers lives are very different from a blue-collar workers.)economic and regional difference within each of the 4 countries: - difference between highland and l

12、owland Scots- difference between north and south England (South is on average more wealthythan the north)2. a society with class-structure3. a society with difference of region difference: highland and lowland Scots，north and south England，the capital and provinces.Part ThreeMain cities of England1.

13、 London2. Birmingham-second largest city of England. 3. Liverpool-second largest port of England4. Manchester- industrial and commercial centre. London-cultural,bussness,and financial centre1. One of the most famous cities of the world, London is Englands capital and a favourite for tourists from al

14、l over the world who flock there in their millions. It has a history stretching back almost 2000 years, A population of 7.5 million people, and some of the most famous tourist attractions in the world. 2.London Attractions: Big Ben and the Houses of Parliament. The Tower of London,Tower Bridge, St P

15、auls Cathedral the River ThamesCountless fascinating museums, art galleries and famous theatres. The English Royal Family reside in London at Buckingham Palace where you can see the famous Changing of the Guard and much more. 3. A significant role of London When a man is tired of London, you are tir

16、ed of life for there is in London all that life can afford. Samuel JohnsonLondon is dominant in UK in all sorts of ways.1)It is the largest city in the country with about one seventh of the nations population.2)It is seat of government.3)It is the cultural centre.4)It is the business centre.5)It is

17、the financial centre of the nation.6)London is a huge weight in Britains economic and cultural life, and to some extent the rest of the country lives in its shadow.For reference英国历代国王与王后HouseNamePeriodSaxon Kings （802-1066）撒克逊国王Egbert 埃格伯特802-839Alfred the Great 阿尔弗雷德大帝 871-899Edward the Elder爱德华（长者

18、）899-924Athelstan 阿瑟尔斯坦925-939Edgar 埃德加959-975Ethelred the Unready艾特尔雷德（无主见者）978-1016Canute （Danish） 克努特（丹麦）1016-1035 Edward the Confessor 爱德华（忏悔者）1042-1066Harold II 哈罗德二世1066House of Normandy （1066-1154） 诺曼王朝William I the Conqueror 威廉一世（征服者）1066-1087William II 威廉二世1087-1100Henry I 亨利一世1100-1135Step

19、hen 斯蒂芬1135-1154House of Plantagenet （1154-1399） 金雀花王朝Henry II 亨利二世1154-1189Richard I 理查德一世（狮心王）1189-1199John 约翰 （失地王）1199-1216Henry III 亨利三世1216-1272Edward I 爱德华一世1272-1307Edward II 爱德华二世1307-1327Edward III 爱德华三世1327-1377Richard II 理查二世1377-1399House of Lancaster （1399-1461） 兰开斯特王朝Henry IV 亨利四世1399

20、-1413Henry V 亨利五世1413-1422Henry VI 亨利六世1422-1461House of York （1461-1485）约克王朝Edward IV 爱德华四世1461-1483Edward V 爱德华五世1483Richard III 理查三世1483-1485House of Tudor （1485-1603）都铎王朝Henry VII 亨利七世1485-1509Henry VIII 亨利八世1509-1547Edward VI 爱德华六世1547-1553Mary I 玛丽一世1553-1558Elizabeth I 伊丽莎白一世1558-1603（45年）Hou

21、se of Stuart（1603-1714） 斯图亚特王朝James I 詹姆斯一世1603-1625Charles I 查理一世1625-1649Commonwealth（共和国时期）Oliver Cromwell 奥利弗克伦威尔1653-1658Richard Cromwell 理查德克伦威尔1658-1659House of Stuart（1603-1714）斯图亚特王朝Charles II 查理二世1660-1685James II 詹姆斯二世1685-1688William III and Mary II 威廉三世和玛丽二世1689-1702Anne 安妮1702-1714Hous

22、e of Hanover（1714-1910） 汉诺威王朝George I 乔治一世1714-1727George II 乔治二世1727-1760George III 乔治三世1760-1820George IV 乔治四世1820-1830George IV 威廉四世1830-1837Victoria 维多利亚1837-1901Edward VII 爱德华七世1901-1910House of Windsor （1910-）温莎王朝George V乔治五世1910-1936Edward VIII 爱德华八世1936George VI 乔治六世1936-1952Elizabeth II 伊丽莎

23、白二世1952-Geographical features1. Geographical positionThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK) is situated north-west of the European continent between the Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea. It has a total land area of 244,100 square kilometres, of which nearly 99% is land and the

24、 remainder inland water. From north to south it is about 1,000 kilometres long.(1) Northwest of Europe(2) North Atlantic Ocean(3) Separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel2. Geographical features(1) An island country, surrounded by sea(2) Highlands in the north and west(3) Lowlands in

25、 the east and southeastA. Part of the great European PlainB. Level land and fertile soilC. farming(4) 3 natural zones in ScotlandA. the highlands in the northB. the central lowlandsC. the southern uplands. Rivers and LakesImportant role of rivers in the countrys economy1. Important Rivers(1) the Sev

26、ern RiverA. the longest in the countryB. only 338 kilos long(2) the Thames RiverA. the 2nd longestB. the most important riverC. 336 kilos longD. Oxford and London are on the river(3) River ClydeA. the most important in ScotlandB. important commercial waterway2. the Lake District(1) in northwest Engl

27、and and North Wales(2) popular tourist attractions(3) the home of the Lake PoetsA. William WordsworthB. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeC. Robert Southey Climate1. Typical feature of Britains climate“Other countries have a climate; in England we have weather.”The statement is often made by Englishmen to desc

28、ribe the peculiar meteorological conditions of their country.A maritime type of climate(1) rainy-abundant rainfall The uncertainty about the weather tends to make the Englishmen cautious. “A foreigner may laugh when he sees the Englishman setting forth on a brilliantly sunny morning wearing a rainco

29、at and carrying an umbrella, but he may well regret his laughter later in the day!”(2) changeable and unpredictable, no clear cut of 4 seasons “In no country other than England, it has been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day! Day may break as a balmy spring morning;

30、an hour or so later black clouds may have appeared from nowhere and the rain may be pouring down. At midday conditions may be really wintry with the temperature down by about eight degrees or more centigrade. And then, in the late afternoon the sky will clear, the sun will begin to shine, and for an

31、 hour or two before darkness falls, it will be summer.”(3) Mild: no extremesIn England one can experience almost every kind of weather except the most extreme.temperature: 4-6 in winter, 12-17 in summer2. Factors influencing the climate(1) the surrounding waters(2) the prevailing south-west winds(3)

32、 the North Atlantic Drift (warm current)3. Rainfall(1) a steady reliable rainfall throughout the year(2) uneven distribution of rainA. a water surplus in the north and westB. a water deficit in the south and east Unit TwoThe History of England课程名称：英语国家社会与文化本课内容：The Society and Culture of Major Engli

33、sh-Speaking Countries授课时间：90分钟教学目的: 通过本节课的教学，使学生了解英国历史，尤其是英格兰的历史；掌握主要历史事件及人物。教学意义: 帮助学生了解主要英语国家的社会与文化概貌，如地理、历史、政治、经济、社会生活和文化传统等方面的基本知识。教学重点: 最早的不列颠居民（公元前5000年公元55年），罗马人的入侵（公元前55年公元410年），盎格鲁-撒克逊人的入侵（公元446年-公元871年），丹麦人的入侵以及1066年诺曼征服。教学难点: 英格兰与苏格兰关系 历史上盎格鲁和萨克森人对英国的影响教学方式：以电子课件为主，辅以少量板书的课堂讲授。教学内容: (详见讲稿

34、）1.The Earliest Settlers in UK 2. Anglo-Saxons 3. The Norman Conquest 4. The Great Charter and the Beginning of Parliament教学方法：采取教师教授为主，结合学生课堂讨论。时间分配: 1. Have a revision about the brief idea of UK. (用时15分钟) 2The History of England. (用时50分钟) 3Watch Video about England. (用时20 分钟) 4StudentsDiscussion a

35、bout the relationship between England and Scotland (用时5 分钟)课堂板书: 1. Robin Hood2. Anglo-Saxons3Excalibur （King Arthors Magic Sword）4. The Great Charter作业: Exercise in Unit 1Unit Two The History of EnglandEngland History- A History of InvasionThe conquest of Britain (Before AD. 1st C., made up of many

36、 tribal kingdoms of Celtic people)When Who Where from Which part conquered43 ADAD.5th CLatin-speaking RomanMediterranean countriesEngland and Wales (not Scotland or Ireland)AD.5th C1066 Angles and Saxons(the forefathers of the English; the founders of England)GermanyEastern and Southern Britain (not

37、 Wales and most of Scotland )mainly EnglandLate AD.8thC AD 10th C.the ferocious VikingsScandinavia (北欧：瑞典、挪威一带。丹麦、芬兰、冰岛等)Northern and Eastern England, ScotlandAD 11th C(1066)Norman French (William the Conqueror defeated King Harold at the Battle of Hastings, and built the Tower of London)Normandy(no

38、rthern France)The next few hundred years, joining various parts of the British Isles under English rule (England, Wales, Scotland, Ireland)Legends 1. King Arthur and his Round Table, giving knights equal precedence and showing knights demand for a more democratic system (During Anglo-Saxons invasion

39、)2. Robin Hood hid in the forest, rebelled against Normans and robbed from the rich to give to the poor (During the period of Norman rule)-a clue to the English Character: a richly unconventional interior life hidden by an external conformity (体现英国人个性的迹象:表面上似乎一致,但实际上保持着一种强烈的独特的生活方式) I. Early Settler

40、s (5000 BC55BC)1. The Iberians 伊比利亚人 （1）Who were the first known settlers (inhabitants) of Britain?The Iberians （2）When did they come to Britain?At 3000 BC during the New Stone Age （3）How do you know that the Iberians were the first known settlers to Britain? A. The proof is the long barrows (古墓冢) f

41、ound, which were their communal burial mounds (公墓) B. the Stonehenge (圆形巨石群、阵):a. It is a circular group of large standing stones constructed before 2000 BC. b. It is regarded as one of the most important monuments of its kind in Europe.c. Exactly why it was built is unknown but it must have had rel

42、igious and political significance.(There are many different ideas about the purpose of Stonehenge: it may have been a center of sun worship, and was perhaps an observatory)d. Some think the Stonehenge is associated with the Celts.2. The Beaker Folk 宽口陶器人（以其铃、钟形宽口陶器而闻名） (1) When and where were they f

43、rom?At about 2000 BC (at the early Bronze Age) the Beaker Folk arrived from the areas now known as Holland and the Rhineland.(2) Why were they so called? (How did they take their name?) from their distinctive bell-shaped drinking vessels (or beakers) (3) How about their civilization? (What did they

44、bring with them?)a) The art of pottery makingb) The ability to fashion (ornament with patterns) bronze toolsc) The custom of individual buriald) The hill forts (堡垒) and small fortified towns (筑堡城镇). The Maiden Castle is one of the finest examples.3. The Celts (1) Who were the ancestors of the Scots,

45、 Welsh and Irish?The Celts were the ancestors of the Scots, Welsh and Irish (2) When and where were they from?They began to arrive about 700 BC, and may have come from eastern and central Europe, now France, Belgium and Germany (3) What were these people?A. They were Practised farmers. They drained

46、much of the marshlands and built houses of wood and wickerwork with a weatherproof coating of mud.（带有抗风化的泥层）B. They were ironworkers. (4) What was their religion? Druidism（德鲁伊德教），the Druidsthe wise men, astrologers, soothsayers（占卜者）II. Roman Britain (55BC410AD)1. What do you know about the Roman invasion of Britain?(1) British recorded history