高考英语单项选择题详解及其规范标准答案.doc

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1、-*21. The policeman stopped him when he was driving home and _ him of speeding. A. charged B. accused C. blamed D. deprived答案 B. accused.注释accuse sb. of. 控告某人犯有., warn sb. of警告、告戒某人有.deprive sb. of sth.剥夺某人某事。charge sb. with murder (指控某人犯有杀人罪) 。22. Mr. Smith gradually _ a knowledge of the subject. A

2、. attained B. achieved C. required D. acquired 答案 D. acquired. 注释acquired (=gain for oneself by skill or ability, by ones own efforts or behavior) (由技术、能力、努力或行为) 获得; 得到：He has acquired a good command of English language. (他已精通英语。) achieve, vt. 取得 (胜利、成功等) , 实现 (目标、目的等) 。 attain, vt. 达到 (目的等) , 取得 (成

3、就等) ：1) I hope you will attain your object. (我希望你会达到你的目的。) 2) He attained success through hard work.23. This is the _ piano on which the composer created some of his greatest works. A. actual B. genuine C. real D. original 答案 A. actual 注释本题中actual (=existing in fact, not imaginary) 实际使用过的。actual, re

4、ad, genuine是同义词, 有时可以互换, 如：an actual (or real) event in history, (历史上的真实事件) , real (or genuine) banknotes (真钞票), 其反义词是false (假的) ; original (原来的) , 其反义词是duplicate (复制的) 。从不同的角度看, 似乎任何一个选择都说得过去, 但按照题意选A. actual 最佳, 因为题中强调的不是钢琴的真假, 而是指作曲家“实际使用过的”。本题译文：这是作曲家创作他的一些杰出作品时实际使用过的那台钢琴。24. My camera can be _

5、to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions. A. treated B. adopted C. adjusted D. remedied 答案 C. adjusted. 注释adjust (=arrange, put in order or agreement; make suitable or convenient for use) 强调, 调节, 使适应; The body adjusts itself to change of temperature. (身体能自行调节以适应温度的变化。) My eyes have not been ad

6、justed to dark yet. (我的眼睛还没有适应黑暗。) 本句中adjust是不及物动词。I must adjust my watch. Its slow.(我必须调一下我的表。它走得慢了。)25. According to the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, wisdom comes from the _ of maturity. A. fulfillment B. achievement C. establishment D. accomplishment 答案 B. achievement注释achievement (=something suc

7、cessfully finished or gained especially through skill and hard work) 取得, 达到, 成就。例如：achievement age智力成熟年龄。fulfilment (=the act of fulfilling or condition of being fulfilled) 履行, 实行。如：He was willing to face any hardship in fulfilment of his duties. (他愿意迎向困难去履行他得职责。) establishment 建立,建设。Accomplishment

8、(顺利) 完成：It was a great accomplishment to finish the house cleaning in two days. (两天内打扫完这栋屋子是件很了不起的事。)26. The number of tickets _ will be determined by the size of the stadium. A. adaptable B. acceptable C. advisable D. available 答案 D. available. 注释 available. (=capable of being used; that may be obt

9、ained) 可用的, 有效的, 可得到的。例如：1) There are no doctors available in the remote areas. (在边远地区没有大夫。) 2) There tickets are available for on month. (这些票有效期一个月。)acceptable 可以接受的：None of the suggestions was acceptable. advisable 明智的, 可取的, 适当的：I think it advisable that he be assigned to the job. (我认为指派他干这项工作是可取的

10、。) adaptable 能适应的：He is an adaptable man and will soon learn the new work.27. Too many hotels have been built and this has _ prices, making holidays cheaper. A. cut short B. cut out C. cut off D. cut down 答案 D. cut down. 注释 cut down 参阅III,38注释。28. He is a very honest official and never _ any gifts f

11、rom the people who sought his help. A. accepted B. received C. took up D. excepted 答案 A. accepted注释 receive 收到, 接到, 指“收, 接”这一动作; 而accept 是经过考虑“接受”下来, 表示当事人的态度, 如：I received the present, but I did not accept it. (我收到了这件礼物, 但我没有接受。)29. He was not _ to the club because he wasnt a member. A. allowed B.

12、admitted C. permitted D. approved 答案 B. admitted.注释 admit sb. to (=allow sb. or sth. to enter; let in) 允许某人某物进入; 让.进入：1) Children are not admitted. (儿童免进。) Only one hundred boys are admitted to the school the school every year. (这所学校每年只收100名男生。) admit (=acknowledge; confess) 承认, 供认：1) We have to adm

13、it that he is a highly competent man. (我们不得不承认他是一位能力很强的人。) 2) The thief admitted his crime. 3) She admitted having read the letter, 4) I admit breaking the window. 注意admit后可接动名词的一般式或完成式。5) We must admit the task to be difficult。注意admit也可以接复合结构。allow和permit后均可接sb. to do sth., 故不合本题题意。approve sth. 批准;

14、 approve of doing sth. (=think well of) 赞成, 赞许：1) I am afraid they wont approve of your going there. (恐怕他们不会赞成你去那里的。) 2) I dont approve of your way of looking at things. (我不赞同你看待事情的方法。)30. Although he doesnt like that law, he will _ with it. A. confine B. conform C. comply D. contend 答案 C. comply 注释

15、 comply with 遵守。31. Motorists _ of speeding may be banned from driving for a year. A. convicted B. arrested C. charged D. judged 答案 A. convicted. 注释be convicted to 被判有. (罪) ：He was convicted of murder. (他被法院判有谋杀罪。)32. The reason why he adapted to the new situations quickly is that he has a _ attitud

16、e. A. changeable B. alternate C. movable D. flexible 答案 D. flexible. 注释 flexible 灵活的, 可变通的; We need a foreign policy that is more flexible.33. Will all those _ the proposal raise their hands? A. in relation to B. in excess of C. in contrast to D. in favor of 答案 D. in favor of. 注释 in favor of 赞成。in e

17、xcess of 超过。in relation to 关系到。in contrast to 与.相对照。例如：1) Everyone in the class voted in favor of the party. (=All of the children voted to have a party.)2) We got $5000 in excess of the fixed sum. (我们盯定额多收入5000美元。)3) This appears small in contrast to (with) that. (这个同那个对比起来显得小了。)4) I have a lot to

18、say in relation to that affair. (我对那件事有许多话要说。)5) We must plan in (with) relation to the future. (我们定计划时要考虑到将来。)本题译文：请所有赞成此项建议的人举手。34. An early typewriter produced letters quickly and neatly; the typist, _ couldnt see his work on his machine. A. however B. therefore C. yet D. although 答案 A. however.

19、注释 however 然而。本题译文：早期的打字机打起字来又快又整齐, 然而打字员不能看着机器键盘打字。35. We are interested in the weather because it _ us so directly - what we wear, what we do, and even how we feel. A. benefits B. guides C. affects D. effects 答案 C. affects. 注释 affect (=have an influence or effect on) 影响：The climate affected his he

20、alth. (气候影响损害了他的健康。)注意affect vt. 影响。effect n. (=influent) 影响, 作用：Some films have a misleading effect on children. effect vt. (=bring about) 实行, 进行, 产生.后果:1) I will effect my purpose: no-one shall stop me! 2) We hope to effect an improvement. (我们希望能引起改进。)注意两个常用的习语:1) to that effect 那个意思的 (话) ：She sai

21、d she hated spinach, or words to that effect. (她说她不喜欢吃菠菜或那个意思的话。) 2) to the effect that. 意思时说, 表示下述意思：I said a few words the effect that all he had told us was already well known. (我说了几句话, 意思是说他告诉我们的一切都已众所周知。)36. I can meet you at eight oclock; _ you can call for me. A. incidentally B. actually C. a

22、lternatively D. accordingly 答案 C. alternatively 注释alternatively (=as an alternative) 作为一个替代办法：If however is used, but is not needed; or alternatively omit however. (如果使用however,就不需要but;或者作为一个替代办法省去however。)注意alternately 和 alternatively的区别:alternately (交替地) ：At a Chinese dinner, the guests and the ho

23、sts sit alternately at a round table.37. He has the _ of an athlete: he really goes all out to win. A. instants B. instances C. instincts D. intelligences答案 C. instincts.注释 instinct 天生的本领。instant n. 瞬间, 时刻; adj. 立即的, 直接的。如：instant coffee 速溶咖啡; instant food (s) 方便食品。例如：Spaceships are stocked with a v

24、ariety of instant foods. (宇宙飞船上备有各种个样的方便食品。)38. A university is an educational institution which _ degrees and carries out research. A. rewards B. awards C. grants D. presents 答案 B. awards. 注释awards sb. sth. 授于某人某物。如：They awarded John the first prize. (他们授于约翰一等奖。)对比：reward sb with sth. 以某物酬谢某人, 须加介词

25、with; They rewarded the boy with $5 for bringing back the lost dog. (他们给这男孩5美元酬谢他把丢失的狗找回来。) grant (=consent to give or allow what is asked for) 同意 (给予) , 答应 (请求) ：The firm granted him a pension. (公司同意给予他退休金。) present sb. with sth. 赠送：Our class presented the school with a picture. (我们班给学校送了一幅画。) pres

26、ent 颁发, 呈递：1) The principal will present the diplomas. (校长将颁发文凭。) 2) We shall present a complete report to the Annual Conference. (我们将向年会递交一份全面的报告。)本题句意是：大学是授予学位和进行研究的教育机构。可见, 本题应选award.39. The old lady cant hope to _ her cold in a few days. A. get over B. get off C. hold back D. hold up 答案 A. get over 注释 参阅III,55注释。40. Jims plans to go to college _ at the last moment. A. fell out B. gave away C. gave off D. fell through 答案 D. fell through，未能实现 注释 参阅III,49注释。