高教出版公共英语3级精讲班讲义.doc

.\ 公共英语3级精讲班第27讲讲义 Unit　27　　Education Unit 27 Education Dialogue 1: Tracy is talking with Philip and asking about how he considers his son’s education. Background knowledge: Boarding establishment 住宿学校 Single sex school 男女分开的学校 Grammar school （英国）文法学校，原指建于16世纪前后的注重拉丁语的学校，这些学校后来成为教授语言、历史、科学等的中学，现在也指大学预科。 Comprehensive school （英国）综合中学，招收的学生不分资质。 Language points: 1. For a start, I would have to be a mixed school and not a boarding establishment. 开始的时候，应该选择男女合校的学校并且不会是寄宿学校。 2. There’d have to be some form of streaming. 应该有某种形式的分班。 3. It’s nonsense to keep everybody at the same level regardless of their progress. 不考虑他们的进步把所有的人人以同样的水平对待是胡闹。 1) It’s nonsense to do sth 做某事是胡闹 2) regardless of prep. 不理会某人/某事物 regardless of the consequences, danger, expense He continued speaking, regardless of my feelings on the matter. Dialogue 2: Tim is interviewing Heidi about her experience of almost entirely being home-educated. 1. My experience with deschooling was entirely unstructured. 我认为废除学校制度完全是无组织的。 2. Nothing remotely school-like at all. 根本就不象学校。 remotely 常常与否定式搭配，强调“一点也不”或“根本不”。 It isn’t remotely possible that you will be chosen to go. The essay isn’t even remotely relevant to the topic. 3. To say that I never compared myself to anybody else would be inaccurate, but real comparison wasn’t something I learned until I went to school. 说我从来不和任何人比较是不正确的，但是真正的比较是直到我进入学校才开始的。 compare sb to sb 把自己和某人进行比较 4. I interacted with many people on a regular basis, both individuals and large groups of people of all different ages. 我定期的和很多人交流，有个人也有不同年龄的群体。 on a regular basis 有规律的，定期的 5. I enjoy the company of people of all different ages. 我喜欢不同年纪的人的陪伴。 company 陪伴 I enjoy his company. Dialogue 3: Jack is a newcomer to Tim’s school and class. Now the two boys are talking about their feelings about schoolwork. 1. I was really impressed with you in the mathematics class yesterday. 我在数学课上对你印象深刻。 be impressed with sb 对某人印象深刻 2. But when his voice boomed out at you angrily, you just did not care. 他生气的对你发出很响的声音，但是你根本就不在意。 boom out 发出深沉的，有回响的声音 The headmaster’s voice boomed out across the playground. 3. Well, you told the teacher you did not care about homework, and to leave you alone. 你告诉老师你根本就不在乎家庭作业，让老师不要管你。 leave sb alone 别管某人 4. All I’m saying there is no need to be so dismayed. 我说没必要如此沮丧。 be dismayed 沮丧 5. Life is for having fun, not to suffering in school. 生活是为了享受而不是为了在学校受罪的。 6. Don’t you think you should think about it a bit more, and weigh all the options? 你不认为你应该多想想，考虑各方面的选择吗？ weigh all the options 考虑各种选择 Monologue 1 : Listen to a brief introduction to Tsinghua University which is one of the best universities in China. Background knowledge: Degree programs 学位项目或计划 Bachelor’s Degree 学士学位 Master’s Degree 硕士学位 Ph. D. Degree/ Doctoral Degree 博士学位 Chinese Academy of Sciences 中国科学院 Chinese Academy of Engineering 中国工程院 Associate professor 副教授 Post-doctoral research station 博士后流动站 developing the country through science and education 科教兴国 Junior middle school 初中 Senior middle school 高中 Undergraduate 大学本科 Postgraduate 研究生 Local educational authorities 当地的教育当局 Minimal tuition fee 最低的学费 Specialized education 特殊教育 Vocational high school 职业中学 Secondary professional schools 职业学校 National entrance examination 高考 Passage: Language points: 1. Under the policy of “developing the country through science and education” each child is offered free education for a compulsory nine years and the education system is constantly being improved. 在科教兴国政策的引导下，每个孩子都享受九年义务教育，教育系统正在不断改进。 2. “Oriented towards modernization, the world, and the future” is the guiding principle for the development of the Chinese education system, both in the long and the short term. “教育面对现代化、面对世界、面对未来”是中国教育发展长期的和短期的指导性原则。 3. However, graduates from secondary professional schools are seen to have achieved a higher level in some ways akin to a university education. 然而，从职高类学校毕业的毕业生被认为在某些方面和大学毕业生类似的水平。 akin to 与---相似 He felt something akin to pity. Pity and love are closely akin. 4. Those who have missed out on higher education can continue their studies as adults in the workplace. 那些错过了高等教育的人们可以在工作地点继续成人教育。 miss out （on sth）失去获得利益或获得乐趣的机会 If I don’t go to the party, I shall feel I’m missing out. Exercises: Use of English 2. vital至关重要的, critical关键的, essential基本的, potential有潜力的 3. uncertainty不确定, instability不稳定, insecurity不安全, unusualness不通常 8. irregular不规则的, pointless无意义的，无目标的, unnecessary不必要的, abnormal不正常的 9.desirable称心的, appropriate 合适的 11.considerably非常，很，相当的, partially不完全的，部分的 13. articulate清除明白的说某事, utter发出声音，发出叹息声，喊叫声 14. survive幸存, blossom生长，兴盛, flourish兴旺，繁荣, 19. compelling使人非注意不可的, overwhelming势不可挡的，无法拒绝的, dominating控制性的, 20. promoting激励, strengthening加强的, cultivating 培育的 Reading Comprehension 1. 1. 第一段第二句“I was able to schedule my lectures in the morning so that I could study in the afternoon and work at night.”。 2. 第二段第一句“I was astonished to be told that my college would be most unlikely to “permit” me to work”。 3. 第三段“but the Oxford students who now say that they would not dare let their tutors know that they ate in gainful employment are clearly subject to the same assumptions”。 4. 第五段最后一句“in a bizarre stab at “equality”. The grant system was devised to copy as closely as possible the life of idle dependence that only the children of the rich had once enjoyed.”。 5. 2. 6. 第一段“Educating all students can be a daunting task for even the most skilled teacher. Knowing what actions to take and options to investigate can become overwhelming in the face of the many demands heaped on teachers every day.”。 7. “第二段最后几句”。 8. “第三、四段”。 9. 第五段“Among the practices that classrooms with a focus on all children learning use are gender-and culture-neutral language, curriculum materials that portray people of different backgrounds, genders, and abilities in a positive light, rules that are clear and specific, and discipline that is consistent, fair, and logically linked with the behavior.”。 10. 最后一段“In the face of a dynamic and changing student body, it’s in the best interest of all to provide teachers with solid professional development opportunities to help them keep up with the changes and the new findings that research has discovered about the ways people learn, and as important, how to tap into those learning styles and influences”。 Unit　28　Popular　Science Dialogue 1: Jane is a fourth-grade student and has had a hard time on her science course. She’s asking her father, a science teacher in high school, some questions in astronomy. Background knowledge: Mercury 水星 Venus 金星 Mars 火星 Jupiter 水星 Saturn 土星 Neptune 海王星 Pluto 冥王星 Uranus 天王星 Language points 1. Many planets are visible to the naked eye. 很多行星靠肉眼就可以看到的。 be visible to the naked eye 靠肉眼可以看到的 2. What do gravity have to do with the planets staying in orbit around the sun? 地球一直呆在围绕太阳的轨道上，重力起到什么作用？ 3. Gravity is the force that keeps the planets in orbit around the sun. 重力是使地球保持在太阳轨道上的力量。 Monologue 1: The following is a talk about the success of science programs, given by David Filkin, who has directed science programs at the BBC since 1991. Background knowledge: Horizon series 英国广播公司(BBC) 的“视野”系列节目 Fermat’s theorem 费马定理。费马（1601-1665），法国数学家，在数论、解析几何、概率等方面都有重大贡献。 Language Points: 1. A good science program must be useful, that is, it should enable a certain audience to increase its understanding of science or in some way to gain insight into science. 一种好的科学节目必需是有用的，他必需能使一定的观众曾加对科学的理解，并且获得科学的洞察力。 2. It may be a case of communicating knowledge, drawing attention to new issues or entertaining on the basis of science subjects — and there is no reason why the same program cannot combine all three. 它可以是一种交流知识的方式、可以把人们的注意力吸引到新事情上、或者是以科学为基础进行娱乐 — 为什么不把这三种特点综合到一种节目里呢。 3. This can captivate audiences as effectively as the very best thrillers. 这可以和惊悚片一样有效的抓住观众。 4. As long as the human aspect of science is not ignored, and researchers are not reduced to the role of explaining impersonal data, any subject can make for a good television program. 只要科学中的人类的因素不被忽视，科学家们就会不断的解释客观的资料，任何话题都可以拍成好的电视节目。 5. The documentary produced by Simon Singh for the Horizon series, for example, dealt with a field as abstract as mathematics. 比如说西蒙斯诺拍摄的记录片“视野”系列节目，拍摄的就是和数学一样抽象的领域。 6. He breaks down into tear as he tries to explain the significance of his finding. 当他试图在解释他的发现的时候，他哭了起来。 7. Most people who see this display of emotion remain glued to their sets to find out what his mathematical discovery was really all about. 看到他哭的观众也被电视节目所吸引，想知道他到底做出的是什么样的数学发现。 Monologue 2: Listen to the following talk about science teaching in Britain. 1. Science is no longer presented as Physics, Chemistry and Biology to be learnt parrot fashion, but as a practical discipline requiring communication skills and the application of knowledge and understanding. 科学不再是物理、化学和生物需要象鹦鹉学舌似的学习了。而是作为一种实用的理论需要交际技巧和知识的应用与理解。 2. Familiarity with computers is now essential as pupils as expected to use spreadsheets and databases for collecting and presenting information. 熟悉电脑是必需的，因为学生们被要求使用电子数据表和数据库搜集和展示材料。 3. Technology, which was previously encountered as an option at Secondary School and often limited to Technical Drawing, is now compulsory for pupils aged between five and sixteen. 工程技术以前在中学只是选修课并且只是学习工程画图，现在已经成为五到十六岁学生的必修课了。 4. Computer literacy from an early age and the ability to use certain software application such as computer-aided design programs now form important parts of the Technology syllabus. 在很早就学习电脑，并且使用一定的电脑软件如计算机辅助设计现在是工程技术教学大纲的重要的一部分。 Dialogue 2: Mary and Tom are talking about computers in the future. Background knowledge: CPU Memories 存储器 Hard disks 硬盘 Printer 打印机 Scanner 扫描仪 Digital television and video 数字电视和录像 User-friendly 用户界面友好的 1. The past ten years has brought us much more powerful CPUs, much larger memories and hard disks, as well as much better printers and scanners at affordable prices. 过去的十年我们有了更强大的中央处理器、更大的存储器和硬盘，另外也有了我们能支付的起的更好的打印机和扫描仪。 2. Of course, keyboards will be portable and you’ll have the option of voice control. 当然，键盘是便携式的并且有语音选择控制。 Passage: Background knowledge: top-down model 自上而下的模式 white coats 文中指穿白大褂的研究人员 outpost 一般指军事前哨基地，文中指用于科学实验的场所 genetic therapy 基因疗法 clinical trial 临床实验 Language Points: 1. Answer to the great research questions were sought within sheltered chambers, where small groups of specialized experts scaled down (or up) phenomenon in joyful isolation. 很多伟大问题的答案都是在实验室里解决的，在实验室里少数的专家单独的解决这些现象。 1）sheltered chamber 实验室 sheltered 遮蔽的、隐蔽的 chamber 房间 2）scale down/up 缩减/增加某事物 We are going to scale down the number of trees being planted. We’ve scaled up the production to meet demand. 2. Call it the era of trickle-down science: Knowledge emerged from a confined center of rational enlightenment, then slowly became known to the rest of society. 我们可以称之为滴入式科学的时代：先在实验室里受到理性的启迪而得出结论，然后一点点地传播給社会。 1) trickle-down science 滴入式科学，即先从实验室出成果，然后一点点地传播給大众或用于社会。 2) rational enlightment 理性的启迪 3. Indeed, it would be an understatement to say that soon nothing, absolutely nothing, will be left of this top-down of scientific influence. 确实，说这种自上而下的科学的影响很快就会完全消失太过保守。 1) understatement 充分的描述、轻描淡写、保守的说法 2) top-down 自上而下的模式 4. Think, for instance, of global positioning systems: thanks to satellite networks, geologists and biologists can now take measurements outside their laboratories with the same degree of precision they achieve inside. 比如说，想一想全球定位系统：由于卫星网络，地理学家和生物学家能够测量实验室以外的世界和实验室以内的世界一样的精确。 1) global positioning system 全球定位系统 2) take measurement with sth 用---测量某物 5. Meanwhile, a worldwide network of environmental sensors monitors the planet in real time. 同时，一个世界的环境感应系统的传感器在随时监控着我们的星球。 1) environmental sensors monitor 环境感应传感器 2) in real time 随时、及时 6. And research satellites observes it from above, as if the earth were under a microscope. 研究卫星从上空观察，好像地球在一台显微镜之下。 7. It has hired researchers, pushed for controversial procedures like genetic therapy, and built an entire industry, producing at once a new social identity and a new research agenda. 它雇用了一些研究人员，推动了一些象基因疗法有争议的研究的发展，建立了整个工业，产生了新的社会地位和新的研究议程。 1) identity 身份 There is no clue to the identity of the chief. This is a clear case of mistaken identity. 2) agenda 在会议上靠讨论的事项，议事单，议程表 What is the next item on the agenda? The agenda for the meeting is as follows ---. 3) at once --- and --- 前者和后者同时并存 8. The sharp divide between a scientific inside, where experts are formulating theories, and a political outside, where non-experts are getting by human values, is evaporating. 专家们正在阐述理论的内部科学和外部非专家们用政治价值衡量的的政治的区别正在消失。 1) The sharp divide between --- and --- is evaporating. 2) evaporating 蒸发、消失 Heat evaporates water into stream. His hopes evaporated. Exercises: Use of English 1. curiosity好奇, capability能力, intention目的、意图, 8. judging判断, assessing确定、评定, calculating计算, estimating估计、评估 11. balanced平衡, followed跟随, generated产生, stimulated刺激 17. proceed继续, undergo经历、经受, 20. actually事实上地, thoroughly完全地, ultimately最后地, virtually事实上，实际上 Reading Comprehension 1. 1. 第一段第一句 2. 第一段最后一句“CSPI has become the leading advocate for safe, healthy eating.”。 3. 第五段“Your financial support is the lifeblood of our work — we don’t accept any funding from government or industry.”。 4. 第五段“which also lets you take advantage of the tax benefits”。 5. 最后一段“By making a contribution of money in your will this year, you’ll be helping to ensure a safer, more nutritious food supply. Both today and in the years to come. ”。 2. 6. 第一段“The extraordinary achievements of astronomy in recent years show that critics who question the said bias of scientific knowledge don’t understand science.”。 7. 第二段“Outside the world of natural scientists there are many who talk about “the crisis of science”, and question the entire direction of science”。 8. 第三段最后一句“the common comforts of life that we today enjoy ate based in the end on the results of the disinterested curiosity of scientific researchers.”。 9. 第四段第一句“Without the perfect flowers of a fundamental science there will be no fruits suitable for use.”。 10. 最后一段第一句“The achievements of astronomy in recent years seen to come from the pages of science fiction novels.”。 光阴无涯的荒原，于一段温柔往事里，缄默不语。一幕风雪中捧花的馈赠，默记下一种花的笺语，深情，香软。韶华匆促，握不住指缝穿行的流风，那一程隔山隔水的约定，又岂是惧怕了沿途相迎的风雨？！又岂是今生能够翻越的遥迢？！旷寂无声的世界，将自己放逐流年深处，循着隐约悠扬的琴声，那一片花叶缤纷的伏途迷津，终有个人来牵手引路，引入一处雪月圆满的幸福。 　　盈盈冬情开一朵风花，落雪凝香的清冷，蛰伏在月光中，如鳞带殇的剥落，是谁，在用心收藏。思绪冉冉，挽起云影风歌的手，冬雪藏不住的风情，露出一角红藕的娇俏。那年，那月的情话，是经年凉不透的月色，任时光沦陷，沧桑了容颜，依然，无约挂起。你用泪水打碎的一杯月光，初一、十五都在水中，一个让人看到圆满，一个让人目睹残缺。铺一宣花的颜色，写一首泪水研墨的诗，托风，寄给远走的背影，不需要任何人读懂。我写的新词，你却说，是旧人的言语。换一张面孔相见，为何？依然恍若故人。 　　人世半生，紫梦一卷。太多难舍的眷恋，沦为荒凉的记忆，又仿似格外的平宁与安妥；太多未尽的情意，缀成一个个封尘的故事，染了风月的沉香与古意。一纸淡描浅画的书写，将饮露陈年收藏，雨水洗过的明亮，花吹雪落的清隽。看惯岁月中的风云