科技英语翻译汇总整编.doc

-* U2PPT “Site” refers to the land and other places on, under or through which the Permanent Works or Temporary Works designed by the Engineer are to be executed. “现场”指工程师设计的永久工程或临时工程所需的土地和其他场所，包括地面、地下、工程范围之内或途经的部分。 If we close our eyes, we cannot see anything because our eyelids prevent the rays from entering our eyes. 因为眼睑能阻止光线进入眼内，所以我们闭上眼睛就什么也看不见了。 Traditionally, rural highway location practice has been field oriented, but the modern method is “office” oriented. 传统上，乡村公路定线采用现场定线法，而现在的方法则是采用纸上定线或计算机定线。 In the earlier days of railways, the rules laid down that no train should be allowed to start, even if all signals were clear, until the station master had authorized the guard to give the driver the “right way”. 铁路发展的早期阶段曾规定，即使所有的信号都已开通，列车也不能发车，一直要等到站长已授权站务员给司机发出离站信号。 Curved rails offer resistance to the movement of the train. 弯曲的钢管有碍火车运行。 A detailed calculation of utilizing solar ponds for generation of electricity and seawater desalination are presented. 本文对利用太阳能蓄热发电及海水淡化提出详细计算。 Such observations as these lead to the discovery that there can be rapid erosion when a metal is nonhomogeneous and when it is in connect with water in which some gaseous, liquid and solid substance is dissolved. 像这样的一些观察使人们发现 ， 当金属是非均质金属时，而且当金属与气体、液体或固体物质的水接触时，金属可能很快生锈。 Such a small experiment was designed merely to establish whether the approach was safe. 设计这种小型实验只是为了证实这一方向是否安全。 It has been shown that these specimens can only be preserved if kept at a temperature of 34 C. 已经表明，这些标本只能保存在34℃的温度下才能保存。？？ A) Gerund,动名词 (1) The scientist often does experiments to test and prove an idea before accepting it. 科学家往往先要通过实验来验证某种想法的正确性，然后才接受。 (2) Before removing the fuses, switch off the main supply. / After switching off the main supply, remove the fuses. 在取下保险丝之前，先切断主电源。/ 先切断主电源，再取下保险丝。 B）participle 非谓语动词 (1) When the battery is charged, current flows into the battery, as indicated in Fig.2. 正如图二所示，充电时电流流入电瓶 (2) The chain reaction, once started, must be controlled so that a steady production of heat energy is maintained. 连锁反应一旦开始就必须加以控制，以便使产生的热能保持稳定。 (3) The part played by civil engineering in pioneering work is of great importance. 在开创性工作中土木工程所发挥了非常重要的作用。 。 (4) In Britain electrical energy generated in power station is fed to the National Grid. 在英国，电站发出的电力都被输入国家电网中。 C) Infinitive 不定时 (1) We did the experiment to test and prove this idea. 我们做这项实验为的是验证这种想法的正确性。 (2) Hydrogen combines with oxygen to form water. 氢与氧化合形成水。 (3) The function of a fuse is to protect a circuit. 保险丝的功用是保护电路。 (4) To destroy this organism it is necessary to heat milk to about 60 c for 15 minutes. 为了破坏这个生物体，有必要将牛奶加热到60℃15分钟。 ？？ 前置修饰语 illumination intensity determination 照明强度测定 generator power output 发电机功率输出 A portion of the output voltage is returned to the input terminals, a condition referred to as voltage feedback. 一部分输出电压被返回到输入端，这种情况就被称为电压反馈。 “work” (1) Pushing or pulling, however, does not necessarily mean doing work. 然而，推或拉未必意味着做功。（物理学） (2) The works of these watches are home-produced and wear well. 这些表的机件是国产的，耐磨的。（机械） (3) Temperature required for annealing is a function of two factors,(1) the nature of the material, and (2) the amount of work that has been done prior to annealing. 回火所需温度随两个因素而变：（1）材料特性；（2）退火前的加工量。（机械，冶金） (4) The mine has long been worked. 这个矿已经开采很久了。 “facility” 1. In order to perform an effective audit, the auditor(s) must be familiar with all aspects of a facility operation. 为了进行有效的检验，检验人员必须熟悉设备的操作方法 2.Regulations require that any reactive and ignitable waste be stored at least 50 ft. from the facility’s property line. 条例要求，凡是会发生反应和可燃的废物，应存放于离厂家财产至少50英尺/15.2米地方。 3.The site ideally should have sufficient lands to provide a buffer zone between the facility and the public surrounding it. 理想的处理现场应该有足够的土地，以便在设施及其周围环境之间有一缓冲区。 4 Regulation regarding the handling of hazardous wastes have become more stringent and complex. Facilities can no longer ignore their wastes. 处理有害废物的规程变得更严格、更复杂。工厂不能再忽视所产生的废物。 U3 ppt Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is a major source of indoor air pollution. A major point stressed in both the Surgeon General’s Report and the National Academy of Science’s Report is that methods used to determine the exposure of the nonsmoking population to ETS must be improved. 香烟造成的环境烟气（ETS）是使室内空气污染的主要污染源。来自（美国）军医局局长报告和国家科学院的报告都着重强调了这一点：传统的用以确定有多少非吸烟者受到ETS危害的方法必须加以改进。 In this dissertation, a semi-real time system for monitoring ETS are proposed and compared with other systems. Several new tracers for ETS are proposed. The generalization and decay of ETS in an indoor environmental laboratory is studied. A new technique for analyzing microgram and submicrogram amount of nicotine and cotinine biological fluids is developed. A unique exposure study to ETS is to carry out wherein never-smokers are exposed to ETS. 本文提出了一种监控ETS的半实时系统并将该系统与其他系统进行了比较。作者建议使用一些新的跟踪器对ETS进行监控并对ETS在室内环境实验室的一般情况及衰减问题作了研究。作者研制了一项新技术分析尼古丁和可铁宁的生物液微克和亚微克量。并将对ETS进行一项独特的暴露研究，让非吸烟者置于ETS环境进行试验。 Much evidence has accumulated that fine particulate matter in the atmosphere affects human health and atmospheric properties. To monitor airborne particles, it is necessary to separate various particle sizes in the atmosphere and to determine particles, it is necessary to separate various particle sizes in the atmosphere and to determine the chemical compositions of the particles. 现今也已累积的大量证据表明，大气层中的微粒影响人类健康和大气的性质。为了监控空中的微粒，很有必要将大气层中各种微粒的大小分开，并确定其化学成分。 A new high flow rate, multichannel parallel plate denudsampling system has been developed which is capable of determining the particle size distributions and the semi-volatile organic compounds which can be lost from particles during sampling. 以研制出一种新的高流速率，多通道平行盘溶蚀器取样系统，它能确定微粒大小的分布，以及在取样期间从微粒失去的具有半挥发性的有机混合物。 Abstract: For the high-tech corporation, core competence is the important invisible resources, the source of long-term competitive superiority and the base of diversification. This paper expounds the strategic significance of high-tech corporation core competence, analyses the reasons why the core competence becomes weak and is lost and puts forward several measures to protect high-tech corporation core competence. Key words: high-tech Corporation; Corporation Core Competence; protect 核心竞争是高新技术企业重要的无形资源，是高新技术企业长期竞争优势的源泉，也是高新技术企业多元化经营的基础。文章阐述了高新技术企业核心竞争力的内涵及战略意义，剖析了高新技术企业核心竞争力弱化与丧失的原因。 提出了保护核心竞争力的一些措施。 关键词：高新技术企业；核心竞争力；保护 摘自 《武汉理工大学学报》（社会科学版） 2001年第8期 A method to calculate the vector theta(电压矢量)between stator voltage and rotor current under synchronous rotating axis is provided. Different realization methods such as simulation model under Matlab, controller programming and programming under Labview are compared, the consistency between simulation and experiment result confirms the availability of the proposed method. The system can be used to test the correction of detection part of the control system. Key words: Doubly Fed Motor, Vector Theta, Labview 给出了双馈电机异步运行状态时在同步旋转坐标系下转子电流矢量和定子电压矢量之间差角的计算方法，比较了在Matlab仿真中实现，控制器程序实现和Labview实现方式之间的差别，仿真和实验结果一致表明，所采用的计算方法得到的矢量角度稳定，可以对控制系统中的检测部分的正确性做出判断。 【关键词】 双馈电机；矢量角； Labview The achievement evaluation index system was established according to scientific principles. An evaluation model based on multi-objective multi-person decision was proposed. Fuzzy Mathematics and Genetic Algorithm were integrated to solve the problem that qualitative indexes and quantitative indexes are hard to measure and the problem that decision-makers preference is unknown effectively. The empirical analysis result indicates the scientific nature and practicability of the proposed model. Key words: multi-objective; consistent measurement; achievement evaluation 依据科学评价的原则，建立了军工企业绩效评价指标体系，提出了一种基于多目标多人决策的绩效评价模型，它综合集成了模糊数学和决策理论，有效解决了绩效评价中定性指标和定量指标难以量化和决策者偏好未知的问题。应用上述模型进行了实例分析，结果验证了该模型的科学性和实用性。 【关键词】 多目标决策； 一致性度量； 绩效评价 Based on the first -hand examples from English news publications, this paper centers on the analysis of writing skills in disaster news coverage in English news publications. It adopts the view that English disaster news coverage, though falling into the broad category of journalistic English; stands out for its distinctive style in terms of headline making, lead writing, wording and phrasing. The probe into its writing skills is conducive to the comprehension and coverage of English disaster news. 本文借助英语报刊实例等第一手资料，集中分析了英语报刊灾祸新闻的写作特点。文章认为，英语灾祸新闻在写作上既有新闻英语的一般特点，又在标题制作、导语写作和遣词造句等方面有其独到之处，使之形成了一种特殊的文体风格。分析研究其写作手法有助于积极有效地看懂或写好英语灾祸新闻。 Existing principles of translation are rarely applicable to Chinese –English business translation. All too often, therefore, business translation –indispensable to China’s economic development-has hardly any principles to follow. This article takes the lead in addressing this problem. With examples taken from Chinese –English business translation, the author puts forward the view that the major principles of business translation should be “faithfulness, exactness, and consistency”. In explicating this point, the author stresses that the special features of business English account for the variability of translation principles. 现有的翻译原则难以适应于商贸汉英翻译，使事关重大的中国商贸翻译经常无章可循。 本文通过对商贸汉英翻译事例的分析，率先提出翻译应遵循“忠实，准确，统一的原则，阐述了这一原则的实质，强调商贸英语的语言特点决定了翻译原则的变异。 关键词：商贸 翻译原则 探索 运用 三大行业： Review and Perspective of Ship’s Wind Load Abstract：It is of great significance for the study of wind resistance in the navigation safety and energy saving and emission reduction, as wind load is a part of sailing environmental loads. Combined with the three methods for the research of wind resistance, such as field measurement, wind tunnel experiment and numerical analysis, the advances in wind load is discussed from the direction of the wind load calculation and optimization of resistance reduction of the ship. Then, based on the existing research achievement and developing trend of the ship’s wind load, the prospect of wind resistance in shipping industry application has been forecasted. 船舶风载荷研究进展及发展趋势 摘要：风载荷是船舶航行中环境载荷的一个组成部分，风载荷研究对船舶航行安全及节能减排具有重要意义。结合船舶风载荷研究中现场实测、风洞实验和数值分析三种方法，从船舶风载荷计算和船舶优化减阻二大方向对风载荷的研究进展进行论述，最后，结合船舶在风载荷方面的现有研究成果及发展趋势，对风阻研究工作在船舶行业的应用前景进行了展望。 Abstract: As a new energy conservation and green vehicle, Electric Vehicle (EV) is suffering from the limited driving range and restricted number of charging stations, locations of charging stations need a reasonable layout. An EV charging station location model based on commuting behavior is presented in this study, considering both the distribution of the remaining fuel range of EVs and travelers degree of range anxiety. Solution algorithm is also given and model validation is tested through a numerical road network. Result shows that the calculated setting nodes of charging stations are relatively concentrated, that is, the model has a virtue of strong stability. The model can effectively avoid the failure of return trip case in spite of increasing the network total travel time. Travelers’ range anxiety degree has significant effect on charging station location and the network total travel time. 基于通勤行为的电动汽车充电站选址模型 摘要：电动汽车是一种新型节能减排的交通工具，由于其受行驶里程以及有限的充电设施的限制，需要合理设置充电站位置。文中提出了一种基于通勤行为的电动汽车充电站选址模型，该模型考虑了电动汽车初始电量的分布和出行者的里程焦虑程度。同时还给出了模型求解算法，并通过算例路网验证了模型的有效性。研究结果表明：由模型求得充电站设置节点较为集中，即该模型有较强的稳定性；基于往返出行链的电动汽车充电站选址模型虽然会增大路网总出行时间，但是可以有效避免返程出行失败的情况；出行者的里程焦虑程度对充电站选址影响较大，且对路网总出行时间存在明显的影响。 U5 contract Neither of the parties hereto shall at any time during the continuance hereof deal with any of the shares of the joint Company owned by it whether by sale, pledge , gift or otherwise in any manner inconsistent with the carrying out of its obligations hereunder. 本协议任何一方都不得在本协议有效期间，采用出售，抵押，赠送或其他与履行其本协议规定的义务不相一致的方式处理其拥有的合营公司的人和股份。 Assignment for Unit 1. 2017.9.15 1. 翻译下列句子，注意选词用字（Diction）。 1) The lathe should be set on the base. 车床应安装在坚实的底座上（机械） 2) As we all know, a base reacts with an acid to form a salt. 众所周知，碱与酸反应生成盐（化学） 3) A transistor has three electrodes, the emitter, the base and the collector. 晶体管有三个电级，即发射极，基级和集电极（电子） 4) He is on the second base. 他在二垒（体育） 5) There was a cycle path running along this side of the wall, right at itsbase. 在墙的这边，沿着墙根有一条自行车道。 2.翻译下列句子，注意译文的忠实准确、通顺流畅和专业术语的规范 1) Anyone who has ever ridden on a railroad knows how rapidly another train flashes by when it is traveling in the opposite direction and conversely how it may look almost motionless when it is moving in the same direction. 坐过火车的人都知道：当另一列火车从相反方向驶过来时，瞬间即飞驰而过；相反，当另一列火车同向行驶时，看起来几乎就像没有开动一样。 2) Electronic computers, which make it possible to free man from the labor of complex measurements and computations, have wide application in engineering. 电子计算机已广泛应用于工程技术，它使人类摆脱复杂的测量和计算工作成为可能。 3) A car engine started from cold takes time to warm up and to reach its correct operating temperature. The quicker it reaches that temperature the sooner it begins operating at its most efficient. 启动汽车发动机从预热到达到合适的工作温度很费时间。达到这个温度的时间越短，发动机就能越快开始有效运行。 4) A computer is made of millions of electronic devices that can store the data or switch them through complex circuits with different functions at incredible speeds. 计算机由成千上万个电子装置组成，通过不同功能的复杂电路以令人难以置信的速度储存或转换数据。 5) Where base metals are deposited, either in veins or as scattered mineral grains, minor amounts of gold are usually deposited with them. 蕴藏贱/碱金属的地方，无论是矿脉还是散布的矿砂，一般都有少量的金与之共存。 摘要翻译成英文： 歧义结构的化解与翻译 语言的歧义现象已引起广泛的关注。但歧义结构的化解与翻译仍无定法。本文就英汉语中歧义结构进行分析和总结。根据歧义产生的不同原因将其归结为五个方面，并尝试从语义和语用的角度提出一些化解方法和英汉翻译方法。 关键词：歧义结构；化解；翻译；方法 Key words：ambiguous structures； decoding, translating, methods Chapter 5 Contracts and Agreements 将下列合同翻译成中文，注意语言的简洁、清楚、明确及规范。 • 6. Mid-term Termination of the Contract: Neither party shall terminate this contract without reasonable cause prior to the agreed date of expiration. If party B wants to terminate this contract, he/she must hand in a written application one month before leaving China. Party B shall not stop working without party A’s consent. Party A shall cease to pay party B his /her salary two weeks after its consent to party B’s application and cease to provide party B and his/her family with relevant benefits related to living conditions. All the expenses of the return trip shall be borne by party B. • If party B violates the law and decrees of the Chinese government party A has the right to terminate the contract. Party B shall be paid as usual for one month after the termination of the contract, but party B shall arrange to leave the country within this period. The cost of the economy air tickets) within China shall be paid by party A. The international traveling expenses shall be borne by party B. • Party A has the right to terminate the contract if party B neglects his/her duty. Within one month after the termination of the contract, party A shall arrange for party B and his/her family to leave. The cost of the econo