2022年新版新目标八上U-人教版初中英语情态动词知识点及经典练习题.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全中学英语情态动词学问点及经典练习题情态动词学问点总结：（一）情态动词的定义情态动词表示说话人对动作的态度,（二）情态动词的特点1）有肯定词义；2）不受主语人称和数的变化影响；比如：需要, 可能, 意愿, 推测或者怀疑等等；3）与主要动词的原形（或称不带to 的不定式）一起构成谓语（除ought to作固定词组看待）； 4 ）否定句中,在情态动词后面加 not ；（三）情态动词有：must, shall, should, had better 词形无变化 cancould, maymight, willwould 词形有变化 need

2、既可以是情态动词,也可以是实义动词,具有双重性；（四）情态动词的基本用法1. can could1）表示会做某事,有才能做某事；意思 = be able to 其否定式 cant 表示“ 不能”；在过去时中用 could 和 couldn t.（即有种才能, 特别是生来具备的才能,此时 may和 must均不行代替它） ；He can speak English, but he cant speak Japanese. = He is able to speak English, but he isnt able to speak Japanese. I could smile but I c

3、ouldnt speak when I was 2 months old. = I was able to smile but I wan st able to speak when I was 2 months old. 区分： 1、 can 只用于现在时和过去时 could, be able to 可用于各种时态；They will be able to tell you the news soon. 2、be able to 不与 can 连用,但可以和其他情态动词或助动词连用；He may be able to speak English very well some day in t

4、he future. 3、用在过去时中, could 常常表示能够做某事,事实上不肯定去做, 而 waswere able to 就表示“ 过去做成了某事” ；在否定句中两者可通用；2）用于征求看法 Can /Could /May /Might Iwe do sth. Yes, you can/may. / Of course you can. NoSorry, you cant. /mustnt. 留意：此处的 could 和 might 都不表示过去,只是语气上的委婉,不用作回答；否定回答中,表示对他人造成肯定损害或影响,或表示违反了某种规定或法律时,用 mustnt 较好； e.g. C

5、ould I take the book out of the library. Sorry, you mustnt. May I smoke here. I m afraid you mustnt. 表示过去才能时,could 提问,只能用 could 回答； e.g. Could you ride a bike when you were 4 years old. No, I couldn t. 3）表提出看法或恳求Can/Could you please do sth. = Would you please do sth. （此句型中some 不变 any）e.g. Could you

6、please give me a hand. Would you please pass me some salt. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全4）表示答应或承诺 =may e.g. OK. You can /may come and find me at any time tomorrow. 5）表示有肯定把握的估量,用于否定句和疑问句；此时cant译为“ 不行能”确定句用 must ；表示没有把握的估量,用may /might ；e.g. The window is broken. Who d

7、id it. It may be Mary. It cant be Mary. The window is in the mens toilet. Can it be anyone else. Then, it must be Bob. I saw him go into the toilet just now. He cant couldnt have enough money for a new car. 他不行能有足够的钱买新车；【例题】 I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there. No. S

8、he _be there, I have just been there. A.cant B.mustnt C.neednt D.wouldnt【解析】依据下文“ 我刚去过那儿” 可知,应为“ 不行能” ,cant 表示估量 答案 A 2. may might may 表示“ 可以,可能”,否定形式 may not ,表示“ 不行以”；1） 表示没有把握的估量,“ 可能,或许”；可以指过去时间,也可以指现在时间,但语气更加不愿定；e.g. He may have a lot of work to do. = Maybe he has a lot of work to do. You may b

9、e right. = Maybe you are right. 2）表示恳求“ 我可以 吗？”表示恳求、许可,比can 正式e.g. You may /can go now. May I use your pen. Yes, you may. / Yes, please. / Go ahead. No, you can t. / mustnt. 在回答以 may引起的问句时, 多防止用这个词, 而用其它方式, 如 Yes, please. / Certainly. / Please dont ./ Youd better not. / No, you mustnt. 等,以免显得太严肃或不客气

10、；3）、 表示期望、祈求、希望,常可译为“ 希望” ；通常是用 may +主+V例如： May you have a good time. 祝你过得开心；May you be happy. 祝你幸福！ May you succeed ！祝你胜利！3. must must 表示“ 必需,确定,肯定”, 否定形式 mustnt = must not表示“ 禁止”；1）表示必需,意思同have to e.g. Must I do it now. Yes, you must. No, you dont have to. / No, you neednt. 留意：否定回答不用mustnt Childre

11、n mustnt play on the road because its too dangerous. mustnt 只表“ 禁止” ； He doesnt have to go away from here. =He neednt leave here. 区分： must 表达主观意愿的“ 必需”,have to表达客观上或按道理说“ 不得不” e.g. I must study hard. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全 Its too late. I have to go now. must

12、没有人称和时态的变化,而have to有； e.g. He had to walk back home because he lost all his money. Mom will be away for a week, so we will have to do the cooking by ourselves. 2）表示有把握的确定句中的估量,“ 确定,肯定”,只用于确定句；He must be ill. He looks so pale. 留意其反意问句的构成形式：他准是病了；他的脸色惨白；当 must 表示确定的判定、估量时,其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成；如：She mus

13、t have seen the film before,hasnt she. 留意反意疑问句的后半部分 You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday,didn t you. 留意反意疑问句的后半部分 4.need need 表示“ 需要” ,否定形式neednt = need not “ 不必、不需要”1 、作情态动词,仅用于否定句和疑问句； e.g. He neednt go home early yesterday. = He didnt need/have to go home early yesterday. Need I cal

14、l him right now. Yes, you must. 留意：确定回答不用 need No, you neednt. /No, you dont have to. 2）、作实义动词,此时有人称、数和时态的变化,假如是人作主语后边多接动词不定式：need sth./sb. need to do sth. 否定形式dont need to = dont have to 表示“ 不必” e.g. I need some help. He needed to go home early yesterday. Do I need to call him right now. Yes, you d

15、o. / No, you don t. 假如是物作主语,一般用 need doing 与 need to be done 这种情形下应留意两点：. 主动形式的动名词 doing 具有被动的含义； . 该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变；例如：. The door needs painting. = The door needs to be painted.那扇门需要油漆一下；Your car needs mending. = Your car needs to be repaired. 你的车需要修理了；3）、 need 作名词be in great need of sth

16、 = need sth badly “ 特别需要某物” meet the need “ 满意需要（需求） ” there is/was no need for sb to do sth 5. dare 的用法：“ 某人没必要做某事”dare 意为“ 敢、敢于”, 用法近似于need,有两种词性：（1）dare 作为情态动词,多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中,无第三人称单数形式,只有一般现在时和一般过去时；如：Dare he tell them what he knows. 他敢告知他们所知道的情形吗？ I daren t ask her will you do it for me. 我可不敢问她

17、,你能帮我问问吗？（2）dare 作为实义动词,此时有人称、数准时态的变化；如： He doesnt dare to break his promise. 他不敢食言；留意： 在口语中, dare 的各种形式常与不带 to 的不定式连用； 如：Do you dare tell her what I said. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全你敢告知她我说的话吗？ I didn t dare look at him.我不敢看他归纳： need 和 dare 的用法1、need 和 dare 既可用作情态

18、动词,也可用作实义动词；用作情态动词时,通常不用于确定句而主要用于否定句和疑问句；用作实义动词时,可用于各种句式； 2、其他用法： I dare say 为固定习语,不是“ 我敢说” 而是“ 我想”；I dare day hell come again. 我想他会再来的； Neednt have done: 表示本没必要做而做了6. shall 的用法：1）表征询看法,用于第一、第三人称疑问句；Shall I get some tea. 我给你点茶好吗？Shall the boy wait outside. 让那男孩在外面等吗？2）表说话人的意愿,有“ 命令、承诺、警告、决心” 等意思,用于其

19、次、第三人称陈述句；You shall do as I say. 按我说的做； （命令）You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答复；（承诺）He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 有一天他会懊悔的,我告知你；（警告）Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. 方案；（决心）什么也不能阻挡我们执行这项归纳：在英语中,我们可以用其他多种方式提出我们的建议或征求对方看法；1. 用“ Lets do.” 来提出建议；如：Lets go for a

20、 walk after supper. 2. 用“ What/How about.” 来提出建议；about 后接名词或动词 ing 形式；如： What about/How about a drink. What about/How about taking Tom with us. 3.用 “ Why not.” 来 提出建议,表示“何不 ”not面后接 动词 原形；“ Why not.” 实际上是“Why dont you/we. ” 的简略形式；如：Why not meet at the school gate at eight. Why dont we stay here anoth

21、er day. 4. 用“ Would you like.” 来提出建议,意思是“ 你想要 吗.” Would you like后可接名词或不定式；如：Would you like a cup of tea. Would you like to go and see her. 因此,假如我们说：“ 去游泳好吗 .” 英语中可有这样几种表达法：Shall we go for a swim. Lets go for a swim,shall we. What about/How about going swimming. Why not go for a swim. Would you like

22、to go for a swim. What do you think of going for a swim. 6、 will 的用法1）、表意愿,用于各种人称陈述句；“ 情愿”I will do anything for you. 我愿为你做任何事；2）、表恳求,用于疑问句；Will you close the window. Its a bit cold.请你把窗户关上好吗？有点冷；Wont you drink some more coffee.再来一点咖啡好吗？留意：名师归纳总结 1、will在 there be句型中的形式及其句式变换；there be句型的一般将第 4 页,共 10

23、 页由于“ 一般将来时” 的结构可以用“will+ 动词原形” 来表示,所以来时的形式就是there will be；（肯定不能说there will have）例如： There are many - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全students in our school.There will be many students in our school. There will be a sports meeting next week.肯定不能说： There will have a sports meeting next week.

24、 2、will与 be going to do something区分：will表示的将来时间就较远一些,如：. be going to表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情,He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day. . be going to表示依据主观判定将来确定发生的事情,will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情； He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old. . be going to含有“ 方案,预备” 的意思

25、,而will就没有这个意思,如：She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour. . 在有条件从句的主句中,一般不用be going to,而多用 will,如： If any beasts comes at you, Ill stay with you and help you. 7. should的用法（某件事宜于做） ,用于各种人称； 否定形式 should nt = should 1）、表义务； 意为“ 应当”not 表示“ 不应当”You should be polite to your teache

26、rs. 你对老师应当有礼貌；2）、表估量,意为“ 想必肯定、照说应当、估量” 等；The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors. 这部新电影是一流演员主演的,估量拍得很好；They should be home by now. 8.would 的用法 1）表意愿 I said I would do anything for you. 照说他们现在应当已经到家了；我说过我情愿为你做任何事；2）表委婉地提出恳求、建议或看法；常见句型：表恳求Would you please do . OK . / Sorry, .

27、 Would you like sth. Yes, please. / No, thanks. Would you like to do sth. I d love to. . 留意：以上句型中, I d love to, butsome不变 any 9. ought to 1）表义务,意为“ 应当” （因责任、义务等该做）,口气比 should 稍重；You oughtn t to smoke so much. 你不应当抽这么多烟；2）表估量,暗含很大的可能,语气较弱；Theres a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow.今日有晚霞

28、,明天应当是个好天；10、used to 表示过去的习惯动作或状态,现在不复发生或存在；疑问式和否定式有两种；I usedn t didnt use to smoke.我过去不抽烟；Used you Did you use to go to school on foot. 你过去常步行去学校吗？名师归纳总结 11、had better do表示“ 最好是做 ”,否定形式 had better not do 第 5 页,共 10 页 e.g. Youd better not drink so much coffee. - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学

29、问点大全区分： I t s better for you to do more exercise and not to have so much junk foo 归纳：一、不怜悯态动词的否定意义也不同：1. （1）.can t 可译为“ 不会” ,如：I can t play basketball. 我不会打篮球；（2）当句子表估量时, 用 cant 表达不行能, 如：He cant be ill. He is playing chess with Tom. 他不行能病了,他正和 Tom下棋呢；（3）cant 仍可用来回答“ May I . ” 这样的问句；如：May I come in .

30、 我可以进来吗？ No, you mustn t. / cant. 不,你不能；（4）cant 仍可用于固定习语中； cant help doing 禁不住,情不自禁cant wait to do something 迫不及待地要做如：She cant help crying. 她不禁大哭起来；The children cant wait to open the box. 孩子们迫不及待地想打开盒子；2. may 的否定式为 may not ,译成“ 可能不”,如： He may not be at home. 他或许不在家；3. （1）mustnt 表示不许,不行；如： He mustnt

31、leave his room.他不许离开他的房间；You mustnt talk in class. 你们不行以在课上说话； 2 mustn t 也可用于以 may表示要求时的否定回答中；如：May I stand here. 我可以站在这里吗？ No, you mustn t can t. 不,不行；4. （1）neednt 意为“ 不必”；如： You neednt meet him unless youd like to. 你不需要见他,除非你情愿；（2）neednt + have+ 动词的过去分词,表没必要做而做了的动作,暗含时间或精力上things.的铺张；如：You neednt

32、have bought it.你没必要买它（但你却买了）；5. shouldn t表示不应当； 如：You shouldn t feel so unhappy over such little 对于这种小事,你不应当感到这么不兴奋；二、含有情态动词的疑问句的回答:Yes,you may. Yes, of course. Yes, certainly. 1. 对 may引出的问句, 可以有以下回答方式：Sure . No, you mustn t. No, you cant.2. 对 must 引出的疑问句,回答方式为：Yes, must. No, neednt/ don t have to.3

33、.could 在疑问句中,表示委婉的语气,此时 could 没有过去式的意思；如:Could you do me a favour. 你能帮我个忙吗？Could I use your pen. 我能用一下你的钢笔吗 . Yes, you can. 可以；（留意回答）4. shall 引出的疑问句用于第一人称,表示征求对方看法或客气的恳求；其回答方式有以下几种：Yes, please. All right. No, thank you. No, I wont.Sure . I m sorry , 5.would you 的回答方式有以下几种：Yes, I will. I can t.All ri

34、ght/ OK/ With pleasure. Certainly. No, thank you . Yes, please. 【例题】 Would you do me a favour and pass on my thanks to Lily._. A.That s right B.With pleasure C.It doesnt matter D.No trouble【解析】 A. 意为“ 对了” ,B. 意为“ 愿意效劳”, C. 意为“ 没关系” D. 意为“ 不费事” ；答案： B 名师归纳总结 三、 : 情态动词表示估量的用法:第 6 页,共 10 页- - - - - - -

35、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全1、“ 情态动词 +动词原形” 表示对现在的估量；1）、 can 表示估量时一般用于否定句或疑问句；如：is still single. That man can t be her husbandshe Who is knocking at the door. Can it be the postman. 2）、 must 表示确定的估量,一般用于确定句中；如：He must be in his office now.Mr Li must be working now,for the lights in his office are

36、still on. 3）、 might 表示估量时不肯定是 may的过去时,只是表示其可能性较小；如：The man may be the headmaster. Where is Mr Li.He might be working in his office. May Mr Li come. He might not come here. 4）、Could 表示估量时, 语气 can 比要弱,说话者留有余地； 如：Could it be an animal. It could not be,because it is not moving. must 的可能性小一点；如：It is alre

37、ady 10 5）、Should 表示估量的可能性比较大,仅比oclock now they should be there.2、情态动词表示对过去可能发生的动作或存在过的动作的估量性用法；1）、“ must +have done/bee n-” 表示“ 过去肯定发生过某事或存在过某种状态” ,不用于“musnt+have -” 形式；如：She must have seen the film before ,hasnt she. 注意反意疑问句的后半部分 You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday,didn t you. 留意反意疑问

38、句的后半部分 2）、“ should +have done /been-” 表示“ 本应当做某事,而实际上并没有做” ；“ shouldn t+ 完成式” 表示“ 原来不应当做,而实际上却做了” ；以上结构常带有说话者的批评的感情颜色；如：You should have finished your homework earlier but in fact you did not finish it on time. You shouldn t have gone to bed when you woke up at five but in fact you went to bed again

39、then. 3）、“ neednt+ 完成式” 表示“ 原来没有必要做某事,而实际上却做了” ；如：There was plenty of time. She needn t have hurried . 4）、“ cant /couldnt+have done /been-” 表示“ 过去不行能发生了某事或存在过某种状态” ；如：I saw him just now. He cant have gone to Japan.She said the man couldnt have stolen her car.5）、“ could+have d one/been-” 表示“ 过去原来能够,可

40、以做某事或成为某种状态,而实际上没有” ,说话者有些遗憾；“ could sb. have done /been -？” 是它的问句形式；如：You could have stayed with the Smiths while you were in New York but in fact you stayed in a nearby hotel . Could Mr Li have helped this girl student. 6）、“ may/might+完成式” 表示“ 过去可能,原来可以于某事而实际上没有干” ,might 的可能性较小,语气较弱；如：He may have

41、finished reading the book. She might have given you some help,however bus she was. 拓展：情态动词后跟进行式,表示“ 想必正在 ” ,“ 可能正在 ” ,“ 应当正在” 等意；It s twelve oclock. They must having lunch.现在是十二点；他们肯定正在吃饭；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全 They may be discussing problem. 他们可能正在论讨这个问题；He c

42、ant be telling the truth.他说的不行能是真话；她不应当那样干,She shouldn t be working like that. Shes still so weak.她身体仍那么虚；情态动词易混点归纳易混点一 : can 和 be able to:两者表示才能时用法相同,但 can 只有原形“can” 和过去式“could ” 两种形式,在其他时态中要用 be able to 来表示；另外 be able to 常常指经过努力,花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事；易混点二 :can 和 may1. can 和 may均可用来征求看法或许可,意为“ 可以” ,一般可互

43、换使用；如：Can/ May I help you . 我能帮忙你吗？2. can 和 may表示可能性时的区分：1 在确定句中用 might ,may,must ,不用 can 2 在疑问句中表示估量用 can,不用 might ,may,must 3 在否定句中用 cant （不行能） ,不用 may, must；如： She may be in the classroom .她可能在教室里；Where can they be now. 他们现在可能在哪儿？ That can t be true. 那不行能是真的；易混点三 : may be 和 maybe用法区分 常用位置may be may 为情态动词