硕士英语综合教学方案教育教程2课后标准答案.doc

,. 硕士英语综合教程 2 Unit 1 Human-based Strategy 1. Reading Comprehension a. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text. (1) B(2) C(3) A(4) A(5) B b. Fill in the blanks with the information you’ve learned in the text. (1) they value cultural diversity; they are family friendly; they invest in employee training; they empower their employees (2) their employees; Howard Schultz (3) cultural and technical aspects; coffee knowledge, product expertise, customer service and interpersonal skills (4) full health and dental coverage, vacation, and participation in the company 　wide stock plan called Bean Stock (5) self 　managed work teams; cross 　functional teams 2. Vocabulary a. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text. (1) astute(2) ignite(3) enthusiasm(4) turnover(5) transaction(6) interact with(7) come into contact with(8) empower(9) superior(10) drop out b. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. (1) B(2) D(3) A(4) C(5) B(6) A(7) D(8) B(9)C(10) A 3. Cloze (1) motivated(2) selecting(3) retain(4) relied(5) differentiated(6) recruited(7) adaptability(8) prospective(9) require(10) efficiently(11) comprehensive(12) challenge(13) survived(14) rate(15) tripled(16) generous(17) financial(18) reveal(19) premium(20) morale 4. Translation a. Chinese to English 1) Translate the following sentences into English. (1) The fascination generated by exploration will inspire our young people to study math, science and engineering, and create a new generation of innovators and pioneers. (2) Upon returning to England, he employed the favorable media attention as a launching pad for his foray into politics. (3) Owning to the nature of every growing business, you will need to be on the go constantly, and also be on the go prepared to work shift work, including nights and weekends. (4) In Australia, gasoline prices have retreated, although falls have been limited because of the weakness of the Australian dollar against its American counterpart. (5) The Asian economy has presented a positive trend. Some countries have overcome the impact of the financial crisis and revived development. Asia has once again become the spotlight of global economic growth. (6) China’s accession to the WTO can promote not only the development of Chinese economy, but also that of the world economy and will inject new impetus into the progress of Asian economy and world economy. (7) The growing quantity of information, couple with the development of technologies, erable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before. (8) The future is something which everyone reaches at the rate of sixty minutes an hour, whatever he does, whoever he is. 2) Translate the following paragraph into English. It’s actually pretty natural, and almost unavoidable, for managers to form expectations of their workers. Research has found that in an organization, our expectations of others can be tied directly to productivity, profitability, and yes－motivation! If you have high expectations of your employees, you will possess a powerful and effective tool for improving performance and motivation within your organization.Performance is often a matter of expectations. Managers and supervisors form expectations of others, which then influence how they interact with those people. If you don’t expect much from your employees, they will sense that and perform poorly. Why? Because your expectations of them affect their desire to do well. The point is that people naturally try to live up to our expectations of them, or live down to them, whatever the case may be. So expect the best from your employees and don’t be surprised if that’s exactly what you get! b. English to Chinese 1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese. 哪些做法才能区分以人为本的公司呢？我们至少可以列出四条：第一，它们重视文化的多样 性。他们根据年龄、性别和种族积极寻求一支多元化的员工队伍。第二，它们具有家庭氛围。 公司通过为其员工提供灵活的工作时间以及现场托儿服务设施等帮助员工平衡工作和个人 职责之间的关系。第三，它们对员工培训进行投资。这些公司花费巨资以确保员工的技能水 平始终保持最新状态。这不仅确保员工可以处理该公司的最新技术和工艺，而且还使这样的 员工极具市场竞争力。第四，以人为本的公司将权力下放给员工。它们将权力和义务下放到 公司的最底层。 2) Read the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. (1) 首先,如果你把他们安排在那些既能够体现他们自身价值同时又对公司发展有利的岗位 上,他们将会更加愿意展现出自己最棒的一面。 (2) 如果你想激励员工让他们尽最大努力完成自己的工作,如果你想让他们成为公司最有价 值的资产,那就让他们有公司的主人的感觉吧。 (3) 你作为领导应该知道员工积极性与其工作表现之间有直接的联系。事实上,这种联系取决 于你公司的文化以及公司文化灌输给员工的热情。 (4) 员工能提出越多关于自己工作的想法,也越有可能接受你的看法。 (5) 只有当员工像老板进行投资那样决定投入自己的能力和精力的时候,他们才是真的“认 同”,因此请给员工参与制定绩效标准的机会。 Unit 3 Cyberspace Network 1. Reading Comprehension a. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text. (1) A(2) C(3) B(4) C(5) A b. Fill in the blanks with the information you’ve learned in the text. (1) infrastructure, including air traffic, financial markets and even basic email;incompetent, indecisive and confused (2) if the world’s most innovative technology company can not protect its computers from degital aggressions, we can not expect to be protected by the government (3) they have responsibility to povide some hard evidence to support their claims (4) spamming, scamming and identity fraud, which are the inevitable casts of democratizing access to multi　purpose technologies (5) not a question of national security but a question of basic government incompetence 2. Vocabulary a. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text. (1) derail(2) hype(3) spamming(4) nascent(5) simulate (6) parlance(7) weaponry(8) unplug(9) hostage(10) civilians b. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. (1) D(2) B(3) A(4) C(5) C(6) B(7) A(8) C(9) D(10) A 3. Cloze (1) attack(2) disruption(3) described(4) assaults(5) traced (6) authorized(7) identified(8) sophistication(9) rogue(10) intrusion (11) demonstrate(12) issue(13) ultimate(14) eventual(15) launch (16) offensive(17) analysis(18) security(19) investigation(20) shined 4. Translation a. Chinese to English 1) Translate the following sentences into English. (1) Gaining real knowledge requires taking risks and keeping the mind open—but most people prefer to be reassured rather than to learn the complex and often unsettling truth about anything. (2) The soldiers were so courageous that they sworn to wipe out any enemy that dare to invade into their country. (3) They’re so lacking in confidence in the attraction of broadcasting the games on TV that they feel they have to hype up with some hysterical commentator in order to get anyone to watch them. (4) What’s worse, there are those who would unleash malicious network attacks designed to exploit these hidden vulnerabilities to uncover the prized data within. (5) The change of the government’s interference strategies on housing ushered in a period of stable house prices. (6) This shows true leadership, sustained vision, and solid commitment. They were applauded for sticking with it for so many years with great subtlety. (7) How to single out the most succinct way to finish the work still remains a problem. (8) But Defense Secretary Gates said the United States has put a lot on the table in terms of missile defense proposals and it is time for the Russians to reciprocate. 2) Translate the following paragraph into English. According to some media reports recently, the cyber　attacks to Google and many American companies seemed to have originated in China. The Chairman of Chinese Internet Association refutes that it was an irresponsible prejudice to allege on that cyber attacks originated in China without thorough investigation,and was therefore absolutely arbitrary. With the rapid development on internet in the globe, it was difficult to determine the origin because of the ease of hiding identities online. The hacker may hide identities, log on the computer of a foreign country and commit cyber　attacks to the computers in the third one.However, China’s information network, as well as many other countries, also faces severe threat of cyber attacks. Chinese government has always attached great importance to the security of the computer network and strengthened international cooperation to crack down on cross　border cyber crimes, as well as enhanced its crackdown through consultation and collaboration with the International Criminal Police Organization. Therefore, it is wholly nonsense to allege on that cyber　attacks originated in China judging merely from computer IP address of China. b. English to Chinese 1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese. 为什么这些在军事领域里被认为是“计算机网络攻击”的策略没有被更广泛地运用？尽管互联网带来了巨大的变化,但它并没有使悠久的战争规律变得过时或毫不相关。比如,按照军事惯例要求在攻击时区分平民和军事目标。在既相互分离又相互连接的网络空间里,这个要求并不容易满足: 在网络攻击敌人的手机塔时,也会影响到平民目标。在2008年美军决定解散一个沙特阿拉伯的网络论坛。这个由CIA创立的论坛本来是用来收集情报的,但是却越来越被圣战分子用来计划对伊拉克的攻击。这次解散不经意间造成了在沙特阿拉伯、德国、德克萨斯州的300多台服务器的中断。网络攻击当然不具备外科手术的精确性,且对平民的伤害很难避免。军事指挥官们不想因战争罪受到审判，即使这些犯罪是通过网络进行的。 2) Read the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. (1) 根据最近的一项有关网络功能的民意调查显示,46%的受访者将因特网描述为朋友,43%的人则把它看成是敌人,还有11%的人心里不清楚。 (2) 网络能通过减少填写和更新应聘者资料的时间和成本来提高招聘效率,提升评估的有效性,以此来增强搜索公司提供给客户的建议的价值。 (3) 设想他们电脑的桌面上有一个图标,能够让他们提醒你一些任务,并且可以用鼠标将具体细节发送给你,这对客户来说将会是多么方便的事啊！ (4) 也就是说,一个设计良好的网络招聘程序能用网络来处理数据,每日不知疲倦地工作并且能跨越地理障碍,因此用人单位可以辨识候选人之间的细微差别,评估他们的优缺点,并且抓住机会推销他们。 (5) 这些新聘用的人员很快就被送到高价的培训项目中去学习在线获取应聘者资料的技术——远端网络数据挖掘工具——然后马上就能投入到工作之中去。 Unit 5 Medicine and Illness 1. Reading Comprehension a. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text. (1) B(2) C(3) A(4) A(5) B b. Fill in the blanks with the information you’ve learned in the text. (1) schools were shut down; the government banned public gatherings; travelers from affected regions who showed signs of flu were quarantined (2) the young, the healthy and the pregnant (3) not in people but in animals; those who are in close contact with animals (4) hand washing, sanitation and distancing measures like keeping sick people at home (5) communicate better what they know about an outbreak and what they don’t know about it 2. Vocabulary a. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text. (1) stranded(2) hindsight(3) vaccine(4) intertwined (5) transparency(6) grapple with(7) catch off guard(8) give more weight to (9) piled up(10) stamp out b. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. (1) B(2) D(3) A(4) C(5) B(6) A(7) D(8) B(9) C(10) A 3. Cloze (1) rather than(2) alone(3) concluded(4) timing(5) varies (6) compared(7) reveal(8) connected(9) triggering(10) attributed (11) majority(12) counted(13) risk(14) immunity(15) likely (16) previous(17) adolescents(18) effectively(19) severe(20) dependent 4. Translation a. Chinese to English 1) Translate the following sentences into English. (1) Some people dub China as “The Bicycle Kingdom”. Yet in the past, you could hardly see anyone from this kingdom in the international cycling events. (2) The WHO says anyone exposed to the bird flu should be quarantined to avoid contact with sufferers of regular human influenza. (3) The great “Spanish flu” pandemic of 1918~1919 was considered the worst plague in history, killing up to 40 million people with half of the world’s population infected in only a few months. (4) The time for talk is over. The time for action is now. Because we know that if we don’t act, a bad situation will become dramatically worse. Crisis could turn into catastrophe for families and businesses across our country. (5) Called plant factories, these anonymous looking warehouses have sprung up across the whole world and can churn out immaculate looking lettuces and green leaves 24 hours a day, seven days a week. (6) I think, learning English can boil down to three simple ingredients: persistence, proper ways and good teachers. (7) Usually, when we put the blame on others, we would be blind of our own mistakes. And if we don’t acknowledge or learn from our own mistakes, chances are high that we are going to repeat them. (8) To defuse your anger, try a simple stress　management technique. Take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, someone you love. 2) Translate the following paragraph into English. Even in rich countries, it will be months before everyone who wants the vaccine can get it. Poor countries will get little if any vaccine. The pandemic vaccine should make you and your family safe from this virus, but you may not get it for months, if you can get it at all. Some countries, including the US and the UK, have ordered enough to vaccinate everyone and immunization began this month. Most poor countries will get only a little, or none. In rich countries many will still get sick, and some will die, before they can be vaccinated. And yet even people who can get it are hesitating. Nearly half the parents in the US say they will refuse to vaccinate their kids, even though children are a priority group for vaccination, due to unfounded rumors about the risks of the various swine flu vaccines. b. English to Chinese 1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese. 在甲流疫情刚开始的时候,卫生官员们就已经发现该病毒很容易传染。感染甲流的病例不断地增加,仅仅几个星期,甲流病毒就已经遍布世界的各个角落。但是当研究员们了解甲流是一种新型流感病毒时,当他们得知人类对其还没有免疫力时,当他们发现其传染速度很快时,他们并不能马上估量其是否具有致命性。过去的有些流行病是比较温和的,然而像导致全世界1亿人丧生的1918年流感之类的流感却是例外。毕竟在刚开始,没有任何方法可以去证明甲流病毒会是怎样的一种病毒。 2) Read the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. (1) 曾经看起来像是假想的问题现在惊人地变成了现实——即使我们还不清楚这场新近爆发的猪流感会发展成怎样一个局面: 可能只是一起简单的、吓人的事件,也可能成为一场全球健康灾难的开始,也可能是介于这两者之间。 (2) 对于健康和急救准备倡导者来说,这是一个激发公众开始行动的机会,因为公众并未抱有这样的观念: 为恐怖袭击、风暴、流感或其他诸如大停电、暴风雪等普遍性的灾害做好准备。 (3) 在过去的一个星期里,卫生官员甚至连总统都敦促父母们,至少组织起来,考虑一下如果孩子的学校因为流感被停课后他们要做些什么。 (4) 如果可能的话,储备一些额外的你所需的处方药、基本的医疗和急救用品,这些东西在流感肆虐期间基本都会缺货,比如非处方退烧药,补水剂和塑料(一次性)手套。 (5) 加勒特说: 最要不得的是惊慌失措。毕竟,专家们已经指导人们如何应对各种灾难有很多年了。所幸的是,对这类特殊的,可能会发生的灾难,我们已经接收到了有力而且及时的警报。 Unit 7 Space Travel 1. Reading Comprehension a. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text. (1) B(2) A(3) C(4) B(5) A b. Fill in the blanks with the information you’ve learned in the text. (1) the result of population pressures or environmental changes; curiosity (2) the considerations of national security (3) bone and muscle physioloy and the cardiovascular system (4) the cuts in funding by NASA; the loss of the Columbia space shuttle in February 2003 (5) to use unmanned spacecraft to investigate the planets’ surface and land; to provide large funding for the ISS; to construct new lift　off capabilities and faster spacecraft. 2. Vocabulary a. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text. (1) habitat(2) interplanetary(3) eclipsed(4) cosmic(5) countermeasure (6) simulate(7) cardiovascular(8) efficacy(9) harbour(10) sterilize b. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. (1) A(2) C