复合句学习知识重点讲解及其练习进步.doc

.\ 宾语从句 中考考点 宾语从句即在复合句中作主句的宾语的句子。它属于名词性从句。它既可以作主句谓语动词宾语，也可作介词的宾语。宾语从句以从句的句式来决定连接词。中考对宾语从句考查的重点是引导词、时态和语序。 考向导航 高频考向一　宾语从句的引导词 ①宾语从句是陈述句，引导词用that，在口语中that可以省略。如： We believe (that) he is honest.我们相信他是诚实的。 ②如果宾语从句由一般疑问句转换而来，其引导词用if或whether。一般情况下，二者可以通用，但从句中有or not或从句充当介词的宾语时，只能用whether。如： I dont know if/whether she will come here.我不知道她是否将来这儿。 Sorry，I dont know whether he will come or not.对不起，我不知道他是否会来。 ③宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，引导词就是特殊疑问词。如： Could you tell me where the post office is？你能告诉我邮局在哪里吗？ The teacher asked the students what they were doing.老师问学生他们正在做什么。 高频考向二　宾语从句的时态 宾语从句中的谓语动词的时态是由主句中谓语动词的时态来决定的，一般有下面几种情况： ①主句的时态为一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时，从句的谓语动词的时态要根据具体的情况用相应的任何时态。如： He says he will ask Mr. Hu to give Jim some work.他说他将让胡先生给吉姆一些工作。 ②主句的时态为过去时态时，从句的谓语动词的时态要用相应的过去的某一时态。如： She said she missed us very much.她说她非常想念我们。 ③从句表示的是客观真理、普遍真理、自然现象时，从句的时态一律使用一般现在时。如： He said that the sun is bigger than the earth.他说太阳比地球大。 高频考向三　宾语从句的语序 1．在含有宾语从句的复合句中，宾语从句要使用陈述语序，即“引导词＋主语＋谓语＋其他”。如： I want to know when the train left.我想知道火车是什么时候离开的。 2．do you think后接宾语从句时，特殊疑问词即引导词要前置，do you think作为插入语。如： Who do you think he is talking with？你认为他正在和谁交谈？ 【注意】①由do，does，did构成的疑问句，在转换成宾语从句时，要去掉do，does，did，且从句中的谓语动词要根据主句时态作出相应的变化。如： “Does he sing well？”The music teacher asked him. →The music teacher asked him if/whether he sang well.这个音乐老师想知道他唱得是否很好。 ②如果是will，be，have，can组成的疑问句，在变为宾语从句时，要把这些词还原到句中原来的谓语位置上，并根据主句的时态作相应的变化。如： “Will you be free tomorrow？”She asked me. →She asked me if/whether I would be free tomorrow.她问我明天是否是空闲的。 ③当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think, guess, believe等动词且接有否定的that宾语从句时，常将否定词提前到主句中。如： I dont think that Alice is an American.我认为艾丽丝不是美国人。 高频考向四　宾语从句的转化 ①当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且谓语动词是hope，wish，decide等时，从句可转化为不定式结构。如： I hope that I can see you again. ＝I hope to see you again.我希望能再次见到你。 ②当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且谓语动词是know，remember，forget，learn等时，从句可转化为“疑问词＋不定式”结构。如： I dont know what I should say. ＝I dont know what to say.我不知道该说什么。 ③当主句的谓语动词是ask，tell，show，teach等，且宾语从句的主语和主句的间接宾语一致时，从句可转化为“不定式结构”或“疑问词＋不定式”结构。如： Mr. Hu tells us that we shouldnt draw on the wall. ＝Mr. Hu tells us not to draw on the wall.胡老师告诉我们不应该在墙上画画。 Will you please tell me where I can buy stamps? ＝Will you please tell me where to buy stamps？你能告诉我在哪儿能买到邮票吗？ 状语从句 中考考点 状语从句即在复合句中作状语的句子。根据其用途可分为九类。中考对状语从句考查的重点是引导词和时态。 考向导航 高频考向一　状语从句的种类 如： Ill let you know as soon as she comes.她一来，我就会让你知道。(时间状语从句) I wont go with you because I am busy doing my homework now.我不会跟你去，因为现在我正忙着做作业。(原因状语从句) If it rains tomorrow，well stay at home.如果明天下雨，我们会待在家里。(条件状语从句) Although he is not rich，he lives happily.尽管他不富有，但是他生活得很幸福。(让步状语从句) He got up very early this morning in order that he could catch the first bus.为了能赶上第一班公交车，他早上起得很早。(目的状语从句) It was such a cold day that nobody wanted to go out.天气那么冷，没人想出去。(结果状语从句) wherever he goes, he always brings his pet dog.无论他哪里，他总是带着他的宠物狗。(地点状语从句) Carol speaks English as well as you do.卡罗尔英语说得和你一样好。(比较状语从句) The child talked to us as if he were a grownup.那个孩子和我们谈起话来像个成年人似的。(方式状语从句) 【注意】so与because, though/although与but不能在句中同时出现。 高频考向二　状语从句与主句时态的一致性 1．主句为祈使句、一般将来时态或由情态动词表示将来的动作时，if引导的条件状语从句、because引导的原因状语从句及when, as soon as, until等引导的时间状语从句应用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如： Dont go and play football if you dont finish your homework.如果你不完成家庭作业，你就不要去踢足球。 He wont leave until you agree with him.直到你同意他，他才会离开。 2．since引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时态，主句则用现在完成时态(“It has been... since＋从句结构”)。如： Uncle Wang has worked in the factory since it opened in 1995.自从1995年那家工厂开办以来，王叔叔便在那里工作了。 It is (has been) ten years since we left that city.我们离开那个城市已经十年了。 3．主句为过去时态时，状语从句也应用过去时态的某一种形式。如： ①Yesterday Meimei didnt come to school because her mother was ill.昨天梅梅没来上学是因为她妈妈病了。 ②When I was a child, father had told me that story.我还是小孩子的时候爸爸便已给我讲过那个故事了。 4．当主从句的动作均发生在过去时，注意含when, while引导的时间状语从句的主从句时态的一致性： ①主从复合句中，主句谓语动词动作在从句谓语动词动作之前发生，且进行的时间较长时，主句用过去进行时，从句用一般过去时。如： Mother was cooking dinner when I got home yesterday.昨天我到家时妈妈正在做饭。 ②从句中谓语动作先于主句中谓语动词动作发生，且进行的时间较长时，从句用过去进行时，主句用一般过去时。如： When the students were having a meeting, the teacher came in.学生们正在开会时，老师进来了。 ③若主从句动作开始时间不存在先后关系(即同时发生)或无所谓先后时，主从句可同时使用过去进行时。如： While Han Meimei was sweeping the floor, Lucy was carrying water.韩梅梅在扫地，而露西在挑水。 ④主句动作和从句动作都已完成，则先发生的动作可用过去完成时态，后发生的动作用一般过去时态。如： When they got to the cinema, the film had been on for five minutes.他们到电影院时，电影已放映了五分钟。 定语从句 中考考点 定语从句在句中作定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系代词who，whom，that，which，whose或关系副词when，where，why等引出。中考对定语从句考查的重点是定语从句的关系词。 考向导航 高频考向一　定语从句的关系词 1．who，whom，that代替的先行词是指人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。如： Is he the man who/that wants to see you？他是想见你的那个人吗？ He is the man (who/whom/that) I saw yesterday.他是昨天我看到的那个人。 2．which，that代替的先行词是指代事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。如： Mary likes music that/which is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。 The coat (that/which) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的外套是蓝色的。 3．whose用来指人或物，在句中只用作定语。如： Please pass me the book whose cover is green.请把封面是绿色的那本书递给我。 4．关系副词有when，where，why，它们在句中作状语。如： Ill never forget the days when we studied together.我永远忘不了我们一起学习的那些日子。 This is the city where my father worked ten years ago.这是我爸十年前工作的城市。 高频考向二　关系词只能用that而不用which的情况 1．当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如： This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.这是我所看过的最激烈的一场足球赛。 2．当先行词被序数词修饰时。如： The first thing that you could do was to turn off the light.你首先要做的就是关灯。 3．当先行词为all，everything，nothing，something，anything，little，much，none等不定代词时(something后也可用which)。如： All that we have to do for our students is to tell them how to speak English in class.我们要为学生做的所有的事情就是告诉他们如何在课上说英语。 Im going to buy everything that I need.我要去买我所需要的一切东西。4．当先行词前面有only，just，very，any，no等词修饰时。如： Thats the only thing that we can do now.那是我们现在唯一能做的事情。 5．当先行词指代的既含有人又含有物时。如： They are talking about things and persons that they remembered.他们正在谈论他们所能回忆起来的人或事。 高频考向三　关系词只能用who(whom)而不用that的情况 1．当先行词为all，any或其合成词或a few且指人时。如： Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.任何违法的人都会受到惩罚。 2．当先行词为that，this，those或these且指人时。如： Those who hadnt bought the tickets for the train crowded in the waiting hall.那些还没买着票的人挤在候车厅里。 3．当先行词在定语从句中作宾语或表语时，在口语中用who或whom引导均可，但如直接位于介词后作宾语时，只能用whom。如： The guest (who/whom) Ill first introduce to you is a little girl.我首先要介绍给你们的客人是一位小姑娘。 I met a few friends of mine，among whom was my old classmate.我遇见几位朋友，其中一位是我的老同学。 一、用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。(原创) 1．This morning my mother asked me where Julia ________(go) last weekend. 2．—Will Tony go skiing with us this Saturday? —Sorry, I dont know if he ______(go). But I know he has no interest in sports. 3．I dont know where she _________(come) from. 4．—What are you doing under the desk? —Im looking for the pen that I __________(buy) yesterday. 5．Qian Xuesen passed away on October 31, 2009, at the age of 98，but he is a man who still __________________(encourage) Chinese youth. 6．The stories that ____________(write) by Mark Twain are often humorous. 二、用适当的连词填空。 7．—Id like to know ________we will go camping. —Maybe in the forest. 8．—Excuse me, Miss Chen, could you tell me ______the Belt and Road means? —It is short for the Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. 9．—Mr. Green, do you know ________our summer camp begins? —July 10th. It will last a month. 10．________________ he had failed many times, he didnt give up and succeeded in the end. 11．I will be very happy ____ you come to my party. 12．—Dad, when did you come back from the farmland yesterday? —Well, I didnt come back _________the rain stopped. 13．—Mike, what were your parents doing at 8：00 last night? —My mother was reading ________my father was playing computer games. 14．The sky is dark and red ________the sun is rising behind the cloud. 15．They were too late, ______they got to the fashion show, it had been over. 三、用适当的关系代词填空。 16．I want to visit a place _____________is famous for its scenery. 17．Please show me the book __________cover is red. 18．This is the very book ________tells many English stories. 19．Confucius was a famous philosopher (哲学家) _________has influenced the world greatly. 20．Everyone __________has been to Shanghai says it is a modern city. 考点跟踪突破　复合句 宾语从句 一、把下列各句改为宾语从句。 1．The teacher asked me，“Will you be a volunteer？” The teacher asked me if be a volunteer. 2．“Who is responsible for the food safety problem？”asked the reporter. The reporter asked responsible for the food safety problem. 3．John asked，“Can you look after my pet dog？” John asked I look after his pet dog. 4．Does the earth go around the sun? Susan wanted to know. Suan wanted to know the earth around the sun. 5．Does her daughter take an umbrella with her? Mrs. Brown wanted to know. Mrs. Brown wanted to know her daughter an umbrella with her or not. 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空。 6．He asked if the light (travel) faster than sound. 7．Our teacher told us that the sun (rise) in the east and (set) in the west. 8．I will take back what I (say)． 9．We didnt know that Lucy (be) an American girl. 10．Anna said that she (make) Chinese friends in China soon. 11．Jack wants to know how much the car (cost) him. 12．I hope that I (visit) Beijing soon. 13．Can you find out that our city (change) a lot in recent years? 三、用适当的引导词填空。 14．The police wondered handbag it was. 15．Im thinking of we should go to see the film. 16．Do you know positive energy means. 17．—Could you tell me people eat yuanxiao in China? —At the Lantern Festival. 18．—Ms. Petty, can you tell me the baby giraffe comes from? —Africa. 19．—I wonder I may have a word with you. —Yes, of course. 20．Can you tell me you plan to do with the problem? 21．—Could you tell me youll go to Paris? —Next month. 22．—Excuse me, could you tell me bus I should take to get to the zoo? —The No. 32 bus can take you there. 23．The math problem is so hard. I really dont know to do it. 24．—Could you tell me the Winter Olympic Games are held? —Every four years. 25．Wang Hai told me he didnt go cycling yesterday afternoon. 四、语法填空。 阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Nirmala Toppo, a 14yearold girl from India, can talk to elephants! And she has saved the city of Rourkela in India with this ability (能力)． One day, 12 wild elephants ran into Rourkela from a nearby forest. They were very huge. Local people tried their 26. (good) to drive the elephants into a gym. But they didnt know 27. to drive them back to the forest. “It was a difficult task. The elephants became violent (暴力的) and started to destroy the gym area, ” a local forest official 28. (tell) the BBC. Then they thought of Nirmala Toppo, a tribal (部落的) girl 29. lives in the neighboring state of Jharkhand. She is famous for being able to talk to elephants. She has 30. (success) driven back elephants many times before in her hometown. When Toppo arrived, she came close to the elephants. She wasnt afraid at all. “I told them the gym was not their home. They should return where they belong. They understood 31. I said，” said Toppo. The elephants started to leave the gym. Toppo walked many miles with them 32. they arrived back at the forest. Her 33. (foot) were badly hurt because of the long distance. How did she learn to talk to elephants ? Toppo said she learned that after a few elephants killed her mother. But 34. (other) think thats because tribal people 35. (live) with wild animals for so many years, and they know how to deal with them. 状语从句 一、句型转换。 1．Jack is so short that he cant reach the book on the shelf.(改为同义句) Jack is short reach the book on the shelf. 2．The teacher began his class. All the students were seated.(用until合并为一句) The teacher _ his class all the students were seated. 3．Hurry up, or youll miss the early bus.(改为同义句) you hurry up, you catch the early bus. 4．The children have to stay inside because of the hot weather.(改为状语从句) The children have to stay inside hot. 5．Miss Gao wrote a letter to her friend at once after she had got to Shanghai.(改为同义句) Miss Gao a letter to her friend she Shanghai. 二、用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。 6．I (not go) to bed until the programme ends. 7．They (not meet) each other since they left college. 8．Tom (argue) with his brother when I went to see him yesterday. 9．He (live) in the countryside when he was young. 10．The film (begin) when I got to the cinema, so I missed the beginning of the film. 11．He wont believe it he sees it with his own eyes. 12．Will you come and stay with us for a while when you (finish) doing your homework? 13．I met an old friend of mine while I (walk) in the street. 14．My parents are always worried about what will happen if I (fail)． 15．I will send you an email as soon as I (arrive) in London. 三、用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。 although，before，until，while，as soon as， because，when，since，whatever，so that 16．He is training very hard he can win a gold medal in the Olympics. 17．—When shall we begin our trip? —Well set out our head teacher arrives. 18. he is very tired, he continued working in his office. 19．Zootopia, the cartoon, is popular there are many lovely animals in it. 20．Its a good habit to wash your hands you have meals. 21．He always thinks Im wrong, I may say. 22．Jenny didnt go to bed her mother came home last night. 23．Mother was worried because her son was ill, especially father was away in France. 24．Could you help me with housework you are free today? 25．I was about to go to school it began to rain. 四、语法填空。(原创) 阅读下面的短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空白处填入一个适当的词或填入括号中词语的正确形式填空。每空不多于3个单词。 A wise man travelled in the mountains. 26. he was walking, he 27. (find) a precious stone in a river. The next day, he met another traveler who was 28. (hunger). The wise man opened his bag to share his food 29. the traveler. The traveler saw the stone and asked the wise man 30. (give) the stone to him. The wise man did so 31. hesitation. The traveler left very happy. He knew the stone was very valuable and he could get much money by 32. (sell) it. But a few days later, he came back to return the stone 33. the wise man. “Ive been thinking all these days，”he said. “I know how valuable the stone is, but I give it back to you. 34. I hope I can get something more valuable. Could you tell me what made you give me the stone without