英语考试[001].doc

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1、 1. The material amenities of life have gone up in Western society. (increased) 2. A primary education system was set up throughout Ireland as early as 1831.(establish) 3. Many software manufacturers in developed countries put up with widespread copyright violations in less developed countries and o

2、ften even offer local versions of their products.( tolerate) 4. Scientists are looking into innovative drug delivery systems that can transport and deliver a drug precisely and safely to its site of action. (investigating) 5. The purpose of this paper is to try to gure out what is lacking in our cur

3、rent understanding of corrosion and corrosion protection in concrete.(determine) 6. Researchers have come up with plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEV) that can draw from two sources of energy: stored electrical energy from the grid and stored chemical energy in the form of fuel such as gasoline.(developed

4、) 7. Rice and aquatic products make up a major part of the diet of the people in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam.(constitute) 8. The use of touch screen voting systems could get rid of many problems associated with traditional paper-based ballots.(eliminate) 9. Worldwide consumption of pesticides has gone

5、 up to2.6 million metric tons.(reached) 10. Although labor unions in the U.S. have been able to keep up their membership numbers over the last two decades, they have been losing their political strength. (maintain) 11. The number of mature female green turtles that return to their primary nesting be

6、ach has gone down from 1,280 ten years ago to 145 today. (decreased) 12. Many funding agencies worldwide are thinking about ways to give new researchers greater opportunities to receive grant money.(considering) 13. 我们应该重视智力开发，把以发展教育和科学技术作为重点的文化建设放在十分 重要的地位，这是我国实现经济振兴的必要前提。 （ We should stress develo

7、pment of intellectual resources, giving priority to the development of culture which focuses on the promotion of education and science and technology. This is a prerequisite for invigorating Chinas national economy.） 14. 物理学中一个引人注目的部分统称现代物理学，包括电子学、原子和核现象、光电学、 X 射线、放射学、物质和能量的相互转换、相对论以及与电子管有关的现象和现代无线电

8、波等。（ A fascinating part of physics is known as modern physics. It is a general term for electronics, atomic and nuclear phenomena, photo-electricity, X rays, radioactivity, the transmutation of matter and energy, the theory of relativity, phenomena associated with electron tubes and modern electroma

9、gnetic waves etc） 15. 爱因斯坦宣称，物质与能量是可以互相转化的，因此，没有 “绝对的 ”时间和空间，根本就不存在什么恒星，时间与空间的测量结果取决于观测者的位 置它们都是相对的。 Einstein claimed that matter and energy are interchangeable, so that there is no “absolute” time and space. There are no constants at all, and measurements of time and space depend on the position of

10、 the observer - they are relative. 16. 我军的现代化，就是要有一支强大的 陆军空军海军，要有 现代化的武器设备，包括导弹和核武器，要严格训练，要按实战要求苦练过硬的杀敌本领，熟练掌握使用现代化武 器装备的新技术，以及随之而来的新战术。 Our arms modernization calls for powerful ground, air and naval forces and modern arms and equipment, including guided missiles and nuclear weapons; it calls for r

11、igorous and hard training to develop the ability to wipe out the enemy as required in actual combat; it calls for mastery of the techniques involved in handling modern arms and equipment and of the new tactics entailed. 17. 我们的人民政府是真正代表人民利益的政府，是为 人民服务的政府， 但是它同人民群众之间也有一定 的矛盾。 Our Peoples Government i

12、s one that genuinely represents the peoples interests; it is a government that serves the people. Nevertheless, there are still certain contradictions between this government and the people. 18. 到了 20 世纪 60 年代竟造出了 “两弹一星 ”， 中国发展速度是真正的奇迹。 By the 1960s, it has detonated two nuclear devices and sent a s

13、atellite to space. The speed of the development was nothing short of a miracle. 19. 实际应用物理学成果的，并不全是称为物理学家的 那些人。这是因为，应用物理学原理的大多数人称 之为工程师。 Practical applications of physics are not all made by those labeled as physicists, for the majority of those who apply the principle of physics are called engineer

14、s. 20. 能够在电视上观看发射情况的观众可以看到奥德 赛从德尔塔 II 火箭发射生空的远景。火箭的第二级上安装了两台摄像机，一台摄下了地球快速后退的图像，另一台则对准飞船自身拍摄。 Viewers who were able to watch the launch on television could see the lift-off from the perspective of Odysseys Delta II rocket, which had two video cameras attached to its 2nd stage. One camera gave a view

15、of the Earth receding rapidly. The other was pointed at the spacecraft. 21. 人的体温是靠消耗血液中的糖分来维持的。 Our bodies are heated by the consumption of sugar in the blood. 22. 记录为知识的传递提供了条件，并帮助它不断继续发展下去。 Records provide for the transmission of knowledge and aid its continued growth. 23. 这类预言要是试验所验证，那么，理论即得到了支持，

16、并可 导致形成某个定律或原理。 Verification of these predictions by experiment supports the theory and may lead to formulation of a law or principle. 24. 必须确定新设计的效率。 The efficiency of the new design must be determined. 25. 所有这些使人混淆不清的问题，都可以利用被动语态来加以避免。 All these confusing questions can be avoided by using the pass

17、ive. 26. 由于担心恐怖分子可能将天花作为生物武器 , 约 140 名美国卫生官员日前接种了天花疫苗。 About 140 US health officials are being vaccinated against smallpox amid warnings that it could be used as biological weapon. 27. 需要有关怎样在医学上使用按钮电话的资料。 Information is needed as to how the touch-tone phone can be used in medicine. 28. High hopes a

18、re pinned on the fuel cell, a technology forecast to reshape the world energy economy and odds-on to power transport systems of tomorrow by replacing petrol. Paraphrase Fuel cell is a technology predicted to transform the world energy economy and it is very likely to take the place of petrol to give

19、 power in the future transport systems; as a consequence, people put a lot of hopes on it. 29. Environmental quality will also extend to construction of the Freedom Tower, which will feature waste reduction through recycling of construction materials. Paraphrase By decreasing waste through recycling

20、 of construction materials, the construction of Freedom Tower will also make progress in improving environmental quality. 30. Deep waters that were once off limits to oil explores are suddenly accessible, partly because of advances in floating rigs. Paraphrase Deep water exploring oil had once been

21、impossible before, but now it becomes practicable in part because the floating rigs have developed much. 31. A liver cell has a different job from a blood cell and proteins to match. Paraphrase A liver cell plays a different role compared with a blood cell and the proteins inside a liver cell are di

22、fferent from those inside a blood cell. 32. This suggests that there is a great deal of plasticity in the growing embryo that still allows it to develop successfully even when a significant proportion of its genes are malfunctioning. ParaphraseIt can be concluded from the cloning studies that the gr

23、owing embryo bears a lot of plasticity which enables it to develop successfully even under the condition that there are a great proportion of malfunctioning genes. 33. “The Antarctic is the vast source of cold on our planet, just as the sun is the source of our heat, and it exerts tremendous control

24、 on our climate,“ Jacques Cousteau told the camera. “The cold ocean water around Antarctica flows north to mix with warmer water from the tropics, and its upwellings help to cool both the surface water and our atmosphere. Yet the fragility of this regulating system is now threatened by human activit

25、y.“ From “Captain Cousteau,“ Audubon (May 1990):17. ParaphraseAccording to Jacques Cousteau, the activity of people in Antarctica is jeopardizing a delicate natural mechanism that controls the earths climate. He fears that human activity could interfere with the balance between the sun, the source o

26、f the earths heat, and the important source of cold from Antarctic waters that flow north and cool the oceans and atmosphere (“Captain Cousteau“ 17). 34. The twenties were the years when drinking was against the law, and the law was a bad joke because everyone knew of a local bar where liquor could

27、be had. They were the years when organized crime ruled the cities, and the police seemed powerless to do anything against it. Classical music was forgotten while jazz spread throughout the land, and men like Bix Beiderbecke, Louis Armstrong, and Count Basie became the heroes of the young. The flappe

28、r was born in the twenties, and with her bobbed hair and short skirts, she symbolized, perhaps more than anyone or anything else, Americas break with the past. From Kathleen Yancey, English 102 Supplemental Guide (1989): 25. Paraphrase During the twenties lawlessness and social nonconformity prevail

29、ed. In cities organized crime flourished without police interference, and in spite of nationwide prohibition of liquor sales, anyone who wished to buy a drink knew where to get one. Musicians like Louis Armstrong become favorites, particularly among young people, as many turned away from highly resp

30、ectable classical music to jazz. One of the best examples of the anti-traditional trend was the proliferation of young “flappers,“ women who rebelled against custom by cutting off their hair and shortening their skirts (Yancey 25). 35. Of the more than 1000 bicycling deaths each year, three-fourths

31、are caused by head injuries. Half of those killed are school-age children. One study concluded that wearing a bike helmet can reduce the risk of head injury by 85 percent. In an accident, a bike helmet absorbs the shock and cushions the head. From “Bike Helmets: Unused Lifesavers,“ Consumer Reports

32、(May 1990): 348. Paraphrase The use of a helmet is the key to reducing bicycling fatalities, which are due to head injuries 75% of the time. By cushioning the head upon impact, a helmet can reduce accidental injury by as much as 85%, saving the lives of hundreds of victims annually, half of whom are

33、 school children (“Bike Helmets“ 348). 36. Matisse is the best painter ever at putting the viewer at the scene. Hes the most realistic of all modern artists, if you admit the feel of the breeze as necessary to a landscape and the smell of oranges as essential to a still life. “The Casbah Gate“ depic

34、ts the well-known gateway Bab el Aassa, which pierces the southern wall of the city near the sultans palace. With scrubby coats of ivory, aqua, blue, and rose delicately fenced by the liveliest gray outline in art history, Matisse gets the essence of a Tangier afternoon, including the subtle presenc

35、e of the bowaab, the sentry who sits and surveys those who pass through the gate. From Peter Plagens, “Bright Lights.“ Newsweek (26 March 1990): 50. Paraphrase Matisse paintings are remarkable in giving the viewer the distinct sensory impressions of one experiencing the scene first hand. For instanc

36、e, “The Casbah Gate“ takes one to the walled city of Tangier and the Bab el Aassa gateway near the Sultans palace, where one can imagine standing on an afternoon, absorbing the splash of colors and the fine outlines. Even the sentry, the bowaab vaguely eyeing those who come and go through the gate,

37、blends into the scene as though real (Plagens 50). 37. While the Sears Tower is arguably the greatest achievement in skyscraper engineering so far, its unlikely that architects and engineers have abandoned the quest for the worlds tallest building. The question is: Just how high can a building go? S

38、tructural engineer William LeMessurier has designed a skyscraper nearly one-half mile high, twice as tall as the Sears Tower. And architect Robert Sobel claims that existing technology could produce a 500-story building. From Ron Bachman, “Reaching for the Sky.“ Dial (May 1990): 15. Paraphrase How m

39、uch higher skyscrapers of the future will rise than the present world marvel, the Sears Tower, is unknown. However, the design of one twice as tall is already on the boards, and an architect, Robert Sobel, thinks we currently have sufficient know-how to build a skyscraper with over 500 stories (Bach

40、man 15). 38. IncorrectThen, the rows of vortex due to both of the long and short blades are transformed into two singularities on the plane and integrate the induced velocity along the blades respectively. Correct Then, the rows of vortex due to both of the long and short blades are transformed into

41、 two singularities on the plane and integrate the induced velocity along the blades. 39. IncorrectThe dynamic characteristics of a rotor with asymmetric stiffness or with initial warp have been studied before respectively 1-4. Correct The dynamic characteristics of a rotor with asymmetric stiffness

42、or with initial warp have been studied before 1-4. 40. IncorrectThe inlet and outlet temperature of the air cooler were measured using two thermocouples respectively. Correct The inlet and outlet temperature of the air cooler were measured by using two thermocouples. 41. IncorrectStudies of methodol

43、ogy and process of implementing remanufacturing mainly focus on durable products such as automobile motors, printers, and etc. Correct Studies of methodology and process of implementing remanufacturing mainly focus on durable products such as automobile motors, and printers. 42. IncorrectCompared to traditional industry, Micro-electronic fabrication has three characteristics such as high complexity, high precision and high automation. Correct Compared to traditional industry, Micro-electronic fabrication has