分析研究生英语读写译第二版17课练习进步知识学习标准参考答案和参考材料译文.doc

-! 《研究生英语读写译教程》（第二版）练习参考答案及参考译文 （注：第二版只有第六单元为全新单元，其余单元只是有些调整。） 各单元练习答案 UNIT ONE STAY HUNGRY. STAY FOOLISH. COMPREHENSION 1 He dropped out of Reed College because he did not see the value of it. (The answer to the second part of the question is open.) 2 Life was tough – he slept on the floor in friends’ rooms, he returned coke bottles and he walked 7 miles to get one good free meal… 3 He cited the example to demonstrate that what he had learned in his calligraphy class worked when designing the first Macintosh computer. 4 Jobs’ first story tells that the dots will somehow connect in your future. (What you have learned/experienced might help in your future career.) 5 He was publicly out. (The company that he and Woz established dismissed him.) The fact that he still loved what he did made him start over again. 6 He has learned a good lesson from his failure. 7 Do the things we love to do. 8 Open. 9 Open. 10 Open. (We should always want more, never be content and when we want to do something that others say is foolish, do it anyway.) VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURE A 1 naively 2 curiosity 3 combination 4 let down 5 vision 6 baton 7 creative 8 mirror 9 trap 10 invention B 1 drowned out 2 tuition 3 Commencement 4 deposit 5 typography 6 make way for 7 animation 8 intuition 9 destination 10 diverge C 1 follow: orders, rules, advice, fads, an ideal, one’s instinct 2 trust in: honesty, the Lord, power, intuition, sixth sense 3 wear out, fade out, put out, make out, get out, break out 4 play writer/playwright, speedwriter, blog writer, letter writer, editorial writer 5 habitual, textual, accentual, sexual, spiritual, conceptual 6 shocking, stunning, eye-catching, astonishing, striking, dazzling SPEAKING: Open. TRANSLATION A 1热烈的鼓掌 2波涛汹涌的海面 3熟睡 4烟瘾大的人 5油腻而难消化的食物 6烈酒 7悲痛的消息 8沉闷冗长的读物 9〈化〉重水 10他在一家法国银行拥有外国人账户。 11那老实的男孩毫无隐讳地说明了他的行为。 12他突然感到一阵莫明其妙的不安情绪。 13脚踩两条凳,早晚要坠地（即：脚踏两条船）。 14骄者必败。 15 我们遇到一对从巴黎来的夫妇，他们很有趣。 B 见译文部分。 WRITING A 1. I was asked to do the assignment. So I think there are three reasons for the failure in the experiment. 2. Although I worked hard to acquire more knowledge, I couldn’t improve my English. 3. Though….. 4. therefore---However 5. If we compare the number of people who worked in this department between 2001 and 2003, it only increased from five people to twenty but the orders were twice more. 6. We have three ways of recruitment. The first is the recruitment agency, which we used two years ago. The expenditure was very high and the people provided were not very suitable. The second is online recruitment. We have never used this method before, so we cannot say this is good or not. However, online recruitment is risky because of the unbelievable resources of the applicants. 7. are-is 8. including---include 9. has a negative impact, have a positive and powerful effect 10. There never seems to be anything worth watching on television. Young people tend to listen to the radio more than older age groups while older people find it more enjoyable to chat with people of their age. UNIT TWO TWO TRUTHS TO LIVE BY COMPREHENSION 1. According to Rabbi Alexander Schindler, we should hold fast to many gifts such as beauty, love. 2. The author exploits the parable of open and closed hand in the very beginning of the text to control the idea of the whole text. “Life is a paradox”, because it encourages us to grasp its many gifts although it predetermines their final disappearance. 3. The author tells the audience his experience in hospital to prove the fact that people are indifferent to the grandeur of each day, and nobody sees the beauty of sunlight or responds to it. 4. According to the author, people are reluctant to accept losses and failures because they think that the world is theirs to command especially when they are young. 5. Since all of us will perish in the end, we must seek a wider perspective, viewing our lives as through windows that open on eternity, whereby to reconcile on life’s paradoxical demands. Though our lives are finite, our deeds on earth weave a timeless pattern. 6. Life is a process. During the process, we should hold fast to life, but not so fast that we cannot let go; we must accept our losses, and learn how to let go. 7. According to the author, we should pursue the ideal, for ideals alone invest life with meaning and are of enduring worth. 8. Alexander Schindler encourages the students to exalt above their personal considerations and to perfect the present world. 9. There is strong religious color in the text. Alexander Schindler asks us to hold fast to God’s gifts, to be reverent before each dawning day, to view our lives as through windows that open on eternity, and to add religion to the humblest of edifices. 10. The author delivers this speech to the university students in order to teach them how to cope with life’s paradoxical problems in a wise way, and what to pursue. VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURE A 1. renounce 2. tender 3. petty 4. relish 5. gleaned 6. abounds in 7. parable 8. evanescent 9. redeem 10. sanctuary B 1. indifference to 2. Preoccupied 3. redeem 4. clinging to 5. relentless 6. paradox 7. ordained 8. wanes 9. exalted 10. dawn/have dawned on C 1. the meaning the opportunity the door happiness the purpose 2. the question the jokes the advertisement the film the lecture 3. run drive speak sail stick 4. arrival survival refusal approval renewal 5. restless priceless endless homeless aimless 6. widen quicken deepen lengthen shorten SPEAKING: OPEN TRANSLATION A 1成功与否取决于她的努力。2她把窗子打开，让新鲜空气进来。 3他不抽烟，但他父亲烟抽得很凶 4人们之所以关注历史研究的方法，主要是因为史学家们内部分歧过大，其次才是因为外界并不认识历史是一门学科。 5由于人口的猛增或大量人口流动（现代交通工具使大量人口流动变得相对容易）所造成的种种问题也会增加社会压力。 6只要拨对了号码，你就可以在家里电视机上选看到有远方城市一座图书馆发出的预先录制的一出戏、一堂打高尔夫球的讲课，或者一次物理学演讲。 7只要一发现有可能反对他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这人争取过来。 8她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的心情。 9独立思考对学习是绝对必需的。 10新主席有礼貌地前来拜访受害者，获得了他们的一些好感。 B 见译文部分。 TEXT B READING COMPREHENSION 1. The Chinese view of life and things presented in the passage is expressed by the best and wisest Chinese minds in their folk wisdom and their literature. 2. Chinese poets and scholars present a view of life through their common sense, their realism and their sense of poetry. 3. The nature of Chinese philosophy is an idle philosophy born of an idle life. 4. The Chinese philosopher’s waking life is characterized by a dream-world quality, and he sees the happenings and his own efforts as futile.(or useless) 5. The highest ideal of Chinese culture is represented by a sense of detachment toward life and high-mindedness. 6. The sense of detachment toward life results in the sense of freedom, love of vagabondage, pride and nonchalance. 7. “Wake up and live” implies that a wise proportion of Americans dream the hours away. 8. The national mind of Chinese is so racially different and historically isolated that new answers to the problems of life, new methods of approaches and new posing of problems are expected. 9. For most people, the Chinese mind is intensely practical, hard-headed; for the lovers of Chinese art, it is profoundly sensitive; and for a smaller proportion of people, it is poetic and philosophical. 10. The Chinese as a nation has survived for four thousand years because the Chinese have a light, an almost gay philosophy rather than an efficient life. UNIT THREE A FEW WORDS FOR LOSING COMPREHENSION 1 Because sport is mainly about “astonishing salaries, hugely lucrative endorsements, television contract using numbers one is more accustomed to seeing in textbooks on astronomy”. 2 Because even the great winners finally lose. 3 There is always a feeling of sadness after the game. 4 Life for many athletes was much downhill. 5 It means the rank or status of the team. （球队排名） 6 Human limitations might bring some sad situations. 7 Some people are naturally gifted, but others are not. 8 He would “fight” fearlessly, but he didn’t want it to be a “suicide attack”. 9 Open. 10 Open. VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURE A 1 lucrative 2 mortal 3 instill 4 wind up 5 prowess 6 cowardly 7 cultivated 8 identified with 9 surmount 10 intact B 1 inglorious 2 fraught 3 cultivated 4 groomed 5 outset 6 lucrative 7 tournament 8 intact 9 hang around 10 lapse into SPEAKING: OPEN TRANSLATION A 1晚上在参加宴会，出席音乐会，观看乒乓球表演之后，他得起草最后公报。 2这些早期的汽车速度缓慢，行动笨拙，效率不高。 3遗憾的是，过去我们总的目标方面意见是一致的，但涉及各个具体目标时，意见就不一致了，因而也就根本不能采取什么行动。 4我真替她万分担忧，但此时此地既不宜教训她一番，也不宜与她争论一通。 5他们的主人，又是割啊，又是倒啊，又是上菜啊，又是切面包啊，又是说啊，又是笑啊，又是敬酒啊，忙个不停。 6如果对自己的错误都不认识，怎么能悔恨和改正呢？ 7 欢迎他的只有几下轻轻地、零零落落、冷冷淡淡的掌声。 8 勇敢过度，即成蛮勇；疼爱过度，即成溺爱；俭约过度，即成贪婪。 B 见译文部分。 UNIT FOUR THE FUTURE OF BOOKS COMPREHENSION 1. Umberto Eco classifies memory into three types: organic memory represented by human brain; mineral memory represented by clay tablets, obelisks and electronic memory of today’s computer; and vegetal memory represented by the first papyruses and books made of paper. 2. According to Umberto Eco, the libraries function as the places for conservation of books and have been the most important way of keeping our collective wisdom. 3. “Universal brain” means a place where we can retrieve what we have forgotten and what we still do not know. 4. According to paragraph 2, humans invent libraries because they know that they do not have divine powers, but they try to do their best to imitate them. 5. In the computer and Internet era, libraries should not be abolished because they should survive as museums conserving the past. 6. Compared with reading on a computer screen, reading printed books is the better way for us to read carefully, to speculate and to reflect about what we are reading. 7. Compared with computers, books have brought a lot of conveniences to humans computers can’t: books still represent the most economical, flexible way to transport information at a very low cost; books travel with you and at your speed; it is a valuable instrument and the best companions for a shipwreck. 8. Two industrially exploited inventions are as follows: one is printing on demand, namely, every book will be tailored according to the desires of the buyer; the other is the e-book which is useful for consulting information. 9. “The idea that a new technology abolishes a previous one is frequently too simplistic.” What the author means is that there are a lot of new technological devices that have not made previous ones obsolete, that in the history of culture it has never been the case that something has simply killed something else. Rather, a new invention has always profoundly changed an older one. 10. In the computer and internet era, people fear the physical disappearance of books and printed material; but printed books have a future because computers encourage the production of printed material. VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURE A 1. organic 2. designate 3. emulate 4. abolish 5. speculated 6. shipwreck 7. manuscript 8. masterpiece 9.obsolete 10. contribute to B 1. option 2. flexible 3. reproduce 4. preservation 5. retrieve 6. divine 7. diffuse 8. on the verge of 9. browse 10. memory C 1. poverty errors enemies a possibility inequality 2. a group an organization a club an association a tribe 3. act for answer for stand for long for prepare for 4. eyepiece timepiece showpiece seapiece centerpiece 5. predictable preschool prewar previous preliminary 6. reproduce revise remove review rewrite SPEAKING: OPEN TRANSLATION A 1 凡是犯了错就应勇于承认。 2没有下雪，但叶落草枯。 3人生的意义不在于已经获取的，而在于渴望得到什么样的东西。 4读书只能给智能提供知识的材料，思想才能把我们所读的东西变成自己的。 5仍然具有这种信念，普通的人要比自然的力量或人类造出来的机器更伟大，而且最终会控制它们。 6她的黑发蓬蓬松松地飘拂在前额上，脸是短短的，上唇也是短短的，露出一排闪亮的牙齿，眉毛又直又黑，睫毛又长又黑，鼻子笔直。 B 见课文译文 Unit five Scientists, scholars, knaves and fools Comprehension 1(a). What relationship between science and the humanities can you learn from the first paragraph? To some degree, science and the humanities have the same concern: The question raised by science is the most important that can be asked in philosophy and religion. In his book Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge, Wilson shows how various fields of inquiry, and especially the humanities and sciences, intersect with each other. 1(b). Do you think science and religion can be reconciled? (Open.) 2(a). What criteria does Author apply when distinguishing science from pseudoscience? In para.2, the author mentions five diagnostic features as the criteria to distinguish science from pseudoscience: repeatability, economy, mensuration, heuristics and consilience. 2(b). Some label Acupuncture, Qigong, and Chinese Medicine as pseudoscience. Do you agree? Open. 3(a). What point does Author make in paragraph 4 and paragraph 5? The author gives the topic sentence "The work of real science is hard and often for long intervals frustrating" at the beginning of para.4. 3(b). How does he backup his viewpoint? In para.4, the author lists and analyses the reasons why it’s hard. In Para.5, the author develops the point by drawing on his own experience and quoting. 3(c). What example and quote does he use? The example is from his own experience of counseling new Ph.D.s in biology. The quotation is from Percy Bridgman: "The scientific method is doing your damnedest, no holds barred." 4. Paragraph 6-8 discuss original discovery. How do these paragraphs relate to one another? Para.6 first introduces the topic sentence "Original discovery is everything" and then explains how the priority of making original discovery defines the process of scientific research. Para7 and para.8 are about the importance of original discovery and they are related by two sentences of the same structure which introduce two opposite conditions and thus form a sharp contrast (make an important discovery, and ...; Fail to discover, and...). 5(a). According to Alfred North Whitehead, why do scientists learn what they need to know while remaining poorly informed about the rest of the world? It’s because scientists are mainly concerned about making discovery. They have to concentrate on the part that is needed in the discovery while ignoring the rest. 5(b). What does the greeting question "What are you working on" reveal? It reveals the fact that what they are doing are of the same nature (making discoveries) and scientists are quite aware what is common among them. 6(a). Will scientists content themselves with the discoveries they have made? Why? No, they wont. Scientists who have already made some important discoveries are always strongly motivated and they are ready to set new goals and make continuous efforts. 6(b). Whats the difference between scientists and scholars in humanities?