2018年度考研英语二真命题及其规范标准答案.doc

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1、. SectionIUseofEnglishDirections：Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)whydopeoplereadnegativeInternetcommentsanddootherthingsthatwillobviouslybepainful?Becausehumanshaveaninherentneedto1uncertainty,accordingtoarecentstudyinPsychologic

2、alScience.Thenewresearchrevealsthattheneedtoknowissostrongthatpeoplewiill2tosatisfytheircuriosityevenwhenitiscleartheanswerwill3.Inaseriesoffourexperiments,behavioralscientistsattheUniversityofChicagoandtheWisconsinSchoolofBusinesstestedstudentswillingnessto4themselvestounpleasantstimuliinaneffortto

3、satisfycuriosity.Forone5eachparticipantwasshownapileofpensthattheresearcherclaimedwerefromapreviousexperiment.Thetwist?Halfofthepenswould6anelectricshockwhenclicked.Twenty-sevenstudentsweretoldwhichpenswereelectrified;anothertwenty-sevenweretoldonlythatsomewereelectrified7leftaloneintheroom,thestude

4、ntswhodidnotknowwhichoneswouldshockthemclickedmorepensandincurredmoreshocksthanthestudentswhoknewwhatwould8.Subsequentexperimentsreproducedthiseffectwithotherstimuli,9thesoundoffingernailsonachalkboardandphotographsofdisgustinginsects.Thedriveto10isdeeplyrootedinhumans,muchthesameasthebasicdrivesfor

5、11orshelter,saysChristopherHseeoftheUniversityofChicago.Curiosityisoftenconsideredagoodinstinct-itcan12newscientificadvances,forinstance-butsometimessuch13canbackfire.Theinsightthatcuriositycandriveyoutodo14thingsisaprofoundone.Unhealthycuriosityispossibleto15,however.Inafinalexperiment,participants

6、whowereencouragedto16howtheywouldfeelafterviewinganunpleasantpicturewerelesslikelyto17toseesuchanimage.Theseresultssuggestthatimaginingthe18offollowingthroughononescuriosityaheadoftimecanhelpdetermine19itisworththeendeavor.Thinkingaboutlong-term20iskeytoreducingthepossiblenegativeeffectsofcuriosity.

7、Hseesays.Inotherwords,dontreadonlinecomments.1.A.resolveB.protectC.discussD.ignore2.A.refuseB.waitC.seekD.regret3.A.riseB.lastC.misleadD.hurt4.A.alertB.tieC.exposeD.treat5.A.messageB.trialC.reviewD.concept 6.A.remove7.A.Unless8.A.happen9.A.ratherthanB.weakenB.IfB.continueB.suchasC.deliverC.ThoughC.d

8、isappearC.regardlessofD.interruptD.WhenD.changeD.owingto 10.A.disagree11.A.pay12.A.beginwith13.A.withdrawalB.forgiveB.marriageB.restonB.inquiryC.forgetC.foodC.learnfromC.persistenceD.discoverD.schoolingD.leadtoD.diligence14.A.self-destiuctiveB.self-reliantC.self-evidentD.self-deceptive15.A.resist16.

9、A.predict17.A.remember18.A.relief19.A.whetherB.defineB.overlookB.chooseB.planB.whyC.replaceC.designC.promiseC.outcomeC.whereD.traceD.concealD.pretendD.dutyD.how 20.A.limitationsB.investmentsC.strategiesD.consequences1.【答案】A【解析】句首作者提出疑问，“为什么人们会读互联网的负面评论和明显很让人伤心的其它事情呢？”随后作者给出答案，“因为人们都有_不确定性的内在需求”。A解决B

10、保护C讨论D忽视，根据动宾搭配关系，解决不确定性搭配合理。2.【答案】C【解析】本题考查动介词搭配。根据原文语境，需要选择一个动词和后面的“to”连用。A拒绝做.B等待做.C寻求，力求做.D后悔做.结合文意“人们要_满足他们的好奇心”来判断，正选为C寻求，力求做。3.【答案】D【解析】根据原文语境，“painful,uncertainty”均为消极词汇。4.【答案】C【解析】固定搭配考查。根据原文语境，考查短语_sbtosth意为“让某人承受某事”。因此，C选项为正选。5.【答案】B【解析】根据上文，第二段句首提到inaseriesoffourexperiments,说明是在“实验”的语境。结

11、合四个选项，A信息B实验C复习D观念，只有B选项和段落语境相符合。因此为正选。6.【答案】C【解析】动宾搭配。结合语境，“当点击的时候，一半的钢笔会_电流。”根据动宾搭配，本题需要一个动词来搭配电流，考查四个选项，A移除B削弱C传递D打扰A选项更符合语境。7.【答案】D【解析】时间状语的考查。结合语境，“_被独自留在房间，学生会.”,因此，这是一个非常明显的时间状语从句。正选为D.8.【答案】A【解析】动词辨析。结合原文语境，由who引导的定语从句修饰前面的学生，而在定语从句中，又出现由what引导的宾语从句。结合宾语从句的含义，“知道接下来会发生什么”更符合语境。9.【答案】B【解析】结合语

12、境，后面语境为并列关系，因此此题应填举例子。B为正选。 10.【答案】D【解析】Discover与上文中的Curiosity相对应。11.【答案】C【解析】本词与后文的Basicdrives的详细说明。与shelter一样都属于人类的基本需求。12.【答案】D【解析】破折号的内容是对前文instinct的解释。说明这种本能能够促进新的科学发展，属于因果关系。13.【答案】B【解析】跟前文的drives相对应。14.【答案】A【解析】本题与前文的backfire相对应，都属于贬义词。15.【答案】A【解析】从后文的试验中，参与者应该被鼓励参与，因此跟前文的坚持相对应。16.【答案】A【解析】通过

13、后文的after能看出这个事情并没有发生，因此填预测。17.【答案】B【解析】动宾搭配。18.【答案】C【解析】of引导的后置定语。由一个人的好奇心所带来的结果。19.【答案】A【解析】whether引导宾语从句。20.【答案】D【解析】关联对应，对应18题的outcome.SectionReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）T

14、ext1ItiscuriousthatStephenKoziatekfeelsalmostasthoughhehastojustifyhiseffortstogivehisstudentsabetterfuture.Mr.Koziatekispartofsomethingpioneering.HeisateacherataNewHampshirehighschoolwherelearningisnotsomethingofbooksandtestsandmechanicalmemorization,butpractical.Whendiditbecomeacceptedwisdomthatst

15、udentsshouldbeabletonamethe13thpresidentoftheUnitedStatesbutbeutterlyoverwhelmedbyabrokenbikechain?AsKoziatekknows,thereislearninginjustabouteverything.Nothingisnecessarilygainedbyforcingstudentstolearngeometryatagraffitieddeskstuckwithgenerationsofdiscardedchewinggum.Theycanalsolearngeometrybyassem

16、blingabicycle.Buthesalsofoundakindofinsidiousprejudice.Workingwithyourhandsisseenasalmostamarkofinferiority.Schoolsinthefamilyofvocationaleducation“havethatstereotype.thatitsforkidswhocantmakeitacademically,”hesays. Ononehand,thatviewpointisalogicalproductofAmericasevolution.Manufacturingisnottheeco

17、nomicenginethatitoncewas.ThejobsecuritythattheUSeconomyonceofferedtohighschoolgraduateshaslargelyevaporated.Moreeducationisthenewprinciple.Wewantmoreforourkids,andrigitfullyso.Buttheheadlongpushintobachelorsdegreesforall-andthesubtledevaluingofanythingless-missesanimportantpoint:Thatsnottheonlything

18、theAmericaneconomyneds.Yes,abachelorsdegreeopensmoredoors.Butevennow,54percentofthejobsinthecountryaremiddle-skilljobs,suchasconstructionandhigh-skillmanufacturing.Butonly44percentofworkersareadequatelytrained.Inotherwords,atatimewhentheworkingclasshasturnedthecountryonitspoliticalhead,frustratedtha

19、ttheopportunitythatoncedefinedAmericaisvanishing,oneobvioussolutionisstaringusintheface.Thereisagapinworking-classjobs,buttheworkerswhoneedthosejobsmostarentequippedtodothem.KoziateksManchesterSchoolofTechnologyHighSchoolistryingtofillthatgap.Koziateksschoolisawake-upcall.Wheneducationbecomesone-siz

20、e-fits-all,itrisksoverlookinganationsdiversiyofgifts.21.【题干】Abrokanbikechainismentionedtoshowstudentslackof_.A.mechanicalmemorizationB.academictrainingC.practicalabilityD.pioneeringspirit22.【题干】Thereexiststheprejudicethatvocationaleducationisforkidswho_.A.arefinanciallydisadvantagedB.arenotacademica

21、llysuccessfulC.haveastereotypedmindD.havenocareermotivation23.【题干】WecaninferfromParagraph5thathighschoolgraduates_.A.areentitledtomore“ducationalprivilegesB.arereluctanttoworkinmanufacturingC.usedtohavemorejobopportunitiesD.usedtohavebigfinancialconcerns24.【题干】Theheadlongpushintobacheloisdegreesfora

22、ll_.A.helpscreatealotofmiddle-skilljobsB.maynarrowthegapinworking-classjobsC.isexpectedtoyieldabetter-trainedworkforceD.indicatestheovervaluingofhighereducation25.【题干】TheauthorsattitudetowardKoziateksschoolcanbedescribedas_.A.supportiveB.disappointedC.tolerantD.cautious21.【答案】Cpracticalability 【解析】这

23、是一道细节题，根据题干关键词可定位至第二段最后一句话,意思是”什么时候这种观点变得可接受了呢？学生应该能够说出美国第十三任总统的名字，但是却完全对坏了的自行车链束手无策”。从作者使用问句的形式就可判断出作者并不接受这种观点，即学生只学会书本上的知识而不具备实际能力。再结合上一句话即本段第二句话，MrKoziatek是NewHampshire高中的一名老师，在这所学校，学习不只是书本上的知识，或者是为了考试，也不是为了机械化的记忆，而是为了实际的技能。能看出，作者认为学生们缺少的是实际技能，所以答案是Cpracticalability.22.【答案】Barenotacademicallysucc

24、essful【解析】这是一道具体细节题，根据题干关键词职业教育对孩子存在的偏见可定位至第四段最后一句，意思是“在很多职业化教育的学校中，有这样一种老套的思想，那就是，职业教育是针对那些在学术上不能成功的那些孩子的。”根据这句话可确定答案就是Barenotacademicallysuccessful。其他选项均不符合文意。23【答案】Cusedtohavemorejobopportunities【解析】这是一道细节推断题，根据题干第五段和highschoolgraduates回到原文定位致第五段第三句，说到美国经济曾经提供给高中毕业生的那种thejobsecurity已经在很大程度上evapor

25、ated也就是消失了，那说明过去的时候高中毕业生是有职业安全感的，故选C，其他选项都不在定位处，可以排除。24.【答案】Dindicatetheovervaluingofhighereducation【解析】这是一道事实细节题，根据题干内容“theheadlongpush”找到出处是第六段开头But后，发现后面还有一个and.和其并列，所以主要关注对这两部分的评价，后面有明显的标点：冒号出现，冒号后说thatisnottheonlythingtheAmericaneconomyneeds.可以看出这句话对前面的否定，选项中只有D选项动词overvalue是负面词，而且提到主题词educatio

26、n。故选D。这道题最适合用感情色彩来排除与D相反的其他三个选项。25.【答案】Asupportive【解析】这是一道态度题，放在最末的态度题更倾向于到最后一段找答案。通过定位词Koziateksschool看到最后一段也确实提到了，说它是一个wake-upcall。也就是在唤醒人们教育不应该是统一的形式，这样会overlookinganationsdiversityofgifts，也就是忽视人才的差异性。所以可以看出作者是支持的态度。Text2Whilefossilfuels-coal,oil,gas-stillgenerateroughly85percentoftheworldsenergy

27、supply,itsclearerthaneverthatthefuturebelongstorenewablesourcessuchaswindandsolar.Themovetorenewablesispickingupmomentumaroundtheworld:Theynowaccountformorethanhalfofnewpowersourcesgoingonline.SomegrowthstemsfromacommitmentbygovernmentsandfarsightedBusinssestofundcleanerenergysources.Butincreasingly

28、thestoryisabouttheplummetingpricesofrenewables,especiallywindandsolar.Thecostofsolarpanelshasdroppedby80percentandthecostofwindturbinesbyclosetaone-thirdinthepasteightyears.Inmanypartsoftheworldrenewableenergyisalreadyaprincipalenergysource.InScotland,forexample,windturbinesprovideenoughelectricityt

29、opower95percentofhomes.Whiletherestoftheworldtakesthelead,notablyChinaand Europe,theUnitedStatesisalsoseeingaremarkableshift.InMarch,forthefirsttime,windandsolarpoweraccountedformorethan10percentofthepowergeneratedintheUS,reportedtheUSEnergyInformationAdministration.PresidentTrumphasunderlinedfossil

30、fuels-especiallycoal-asthepathtoeconomicgrowth.InarecentspeechinIowa,hedismissedwindpowerasanunreliableenergysource,ButthatmessagedidnotplaywellwithmanyinIowa,wherewindturbinesdotthefieldsandprovide36percentofthestateselectricitygeneration-andwheretechgiantslikeMicrosoftarebeingattractedbytheavailab

31、ilityofcleanenergytopowertheirdatacenters.Thequestion“whathappenswhenthewinddoesntbloworthesundoesntshine?hasprovidedaquickput-downforskeptics.Butaboostinthestorageapacityofbatteriesismakingtheirabilitytokeeppowerflowingaroundtheclockmorelikely.Theadvanceisdriveninparbyvehiclemanufacturers,whoarepla

32、cingbigbetsonbattery-poweredelectricvehicles.Althoughelectriccarsarestillararityonroadsnow.thismassiveinvestmentcouldchangethepicturerapidlyincomingyears.Whiletheresalongwaytogo,thetrendlinesforrenewablesarespiking.Thepaceofchangeinenergysourcesappearstobespeedingupperhaps:justintimetohaveameaningfu

33、leffectinslowingclimatechange.WhatWashingtondoes-ordoesntdo-topromotealternativeenergymaymeanlessandlessatimeofaglobalshiftinthought.26.【题干】Thewordplummeting(Line3,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto_【选项】A.stabilizingB.changingC.fallingD.rising27.【题干】AccordingtoParagraph3,theuseofrenewableenergyinAmerica_【选

34、项】A.isprogressingnotablyB.isasextensiveasinEuropeC.facesmanychallengesD.hasprovedtobeimpractical28.【题干】ItcanbelearnedthatinIowa,_.【选项】A.windisawidelyusedenergysourceB.windenergyhasreplacedfossilfuelsC.techgiantsareinvestingincleanenergyD.thereisashortageofcleanenergysupply29.【题干】Whichofthefollowingi

35、strueaboutcleanenergyaccordingtoParagraphs5&6?A.Itsapplicationhasboostedbatterystorage.B.Itiscommonlyusedincarmanufacturing.C.Itscontinuoussupplyisbecomingareality.D.Itssustainable exploitationwillremaindifficult.30.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatrenewableenergy_.【选项】A.willbringtheUScloserto

36、othercountriesB.willaccelerateglobalenvironmentalchangeC.isnotreallyencouragedbytheUSgovernmentD.isnotcompetitiveenoughwithregardtoitscost30.【题干】Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatrenewableenergy_.【选项】A.willbringtheUSclosertoothercountriesB.willaccelerateglobalenvironmentalchangeC.isnotreallyenc

37、ouragedbytheUSgovernmentD.isnotcompetitiveenoughwithregardtoitscost26.【答案】Cfalling【解析】这是一道词义句意题，要想知道plummeting的意思，首先要回到原文找线索，即plummeting所在的句子以及上下句，由原文可知，plummeting所在句子是在说现在例如风能和太阳能这样的可再生资源的价格的问题，plummeting是修饰可再生资源的价格的，接着二段最后一句就在用具体数字来证明可再生资源的成本在下降，如太阳能成本下降了百分之八十，风能也降到三分之一，由此可知，可再生资源的成本在下降，plummeting

38、的含义是下降的意思。所以选择Cfalling。27.【答案】Aisprogressingnotably【解析】这是一道具体细节题，根据题干关键词定位至第三段第三句及第四句，意思是“在中国和欧洲等国家已经领先时，美国也在见证着巨大的改变。根据美国能源信息局报道，三月份，美国首次使用风能和太阳能产生了超过百分之十以上的能源。”这足以说明在美国，可再生能源的使用正在取得显著地进步。所以答案是A。28.【答案】Awindisawidelyusedenergysource【解析】这是一道细节推断题，根据题干关键词定位至第四段第三句，在爱荷华州，风力涡轮机点缀着这个州并提供了此州百分之三十六的电能，并且还

39、吸引了像微软这样的科技巨头公司。因此可判断，在爱荷华州，风能是一种广泛使用的能源。所以答案是A。29.【答案】Citscontinuoussupplyisbecomingareality【解析】这是一道是非细节题，根据题干给出的段落位置，5-6两段和主题词cleanenergy，回到原文的第5-6段，这两段都不长，第五段出现了But后讲到电池容量的提升aboostinthestorage，与A选项不符，并不是因果关系，故排除；B选项说道广泛用在制造业也不符合原文第六段第一句；而D选项和原文第六段最后一句是语义相反的，故也排除；正确选项C是和这句话语义一致的，也是和全文主题一致的，故为正确答案。

40、30【答案】CisnotreallyencouragedbytheUSgovernment【解析】这是一道细节推断题，题干问“根据最后一段可以推断出来可再生能源怎么了”，回到原文最后一段第一句就表明尽管还有很长一段路要走，可再生能源发展的趋势在增强。后面也提到改变的节奏在加快，对slowing气候变化有meaningfuleffect，所以可以看出B选项accelerate.是不对的，D选项中提到 的价格不具有竞争力不在本段当中，也应排除。剩下的两个选项都提到了美国，就应该重点看最后一句，最后一句提到华盛顿政府做或不做什么都maymeanlessandless.所以可以看出美国不应该是和其他国

41、家更近，排除A，所以选C，美国不是真正支持可再生能源的。Text3ThepowerandambitionofthegiantsofthedigitaleconomyisastonishingAmazonhasjustannouncedthepurchaseoftheupmarketgrocerychainWholeFoodsfor$13.5bn,buttwoyearsagoFacebookpaidevenmorethanthattoacquiretheWhatsAppmessagingservice,whichdoesnthaveanyphysicalproductatall.WhatWhatsAppofferedFacebookwasanintricateandfinelydetailedwebofitsusersfriendshipsandsociallives.FacebookpromisedtheEuropeancommiss