2018年度上海高考英语词汇资料介绍说明词汇资料解析.doc

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1、高考英语词汇手册词汇解析（a advantage）abandon oneself to sth. 陷入；沉湎于 e.g. abandon oneself to despair 陷入绝望have the ability to do sth. 有能力做某事 to the best of ones ability 竭尽全力 e.g. He completed the job to the best of his ability. 他竭尽全力完成了那项工作。be able to do sth. = be capable of doing sth. 能够做某事All aboard! 请大家上车（船、火车

2、、飞机）！； Welcome aboard! 欢迎乘坐！be about to do sth. 正要做某事。 e.g. We were just about to leave when Jerry arrived.go abroad 出国 = go overseas ; at home and abroad 国内外above all 最重要的是，尤其是。be absent from 缺席 opp. be present at 出席in the absence of sb. 在缺乏的情况下= in ones absence; opp. in the presence of sb. = in on

3、es presence 在某人面前，当着某人的面be absorbed in (doing) sth. 全神贯注（做）某事academic year 学年； academic achievement/ performance 学业成绩with a northern accent 带有北方口音have access to sth. 有机会/权使用某物by accident 偶然= by chance; accidentallyaccompany sb. on the piano 为某人钢琴伴奏accomplish= achieve （尤指经过努力）完成，实现，达到account for 解释；说

4、明 = explain; (数量或比例)占on account of 因为（问题或困难） = because of take sth. into account 把某事考虑进去= take sth. into considerationaccuse sb. of (doing) sth. 指控某人某事 = charge sb. with sth.be accustomed to (doing) sth. 习惯于做某事 = be used to (doing) sth.acid rain 酸雨act as 担任； act on 对有作用/ 有影响adapt (oneself) to 适应add

5、to 增加； add A to B 把A加到B 上去； add up to 总计be addicted to sth. 对上瘾； 对沉迷 e.g. He is addicted to football. 他迷上了足球。He is addicted to smoking. 他吸烟成瘾。adjust (oneself) to = adapt (oneself) to 适应admit (to) doing 承认做某事 = confess (to) doing adult = grown-up 成年人in advance 提前 = ahead of time; ahead of scheduletak

6、e advantage of (不公正地)利用某人，占某人的便宜opp. disadvantage n. 不利条件，缺点，劣势； advantageous adj. 有利的；有益的高考英语词汇手册词汇解析（adventure appreciate）adventurous adj. 有冒险精神的advertise sth. on TV / in a newspaper 在电视/ 报纸上刊登广告put an ad/ advertisement in a newspaper 在报纸上刊登广告advise doing sth. 建议做某事afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事be afra

7、id to do sth. 不敢做某事； be afraid of doing sth. 担心/ 担忧某事e.g. He is afraid to go out at night 他晚上不敢出去。He was afraid of being caught by the police. 他担心被警察抓住。be against sth. 反对某事； be for sth. 赞成某事at the age of 5 = at age 5 在5岁的时候for ages = for a long time 很长一段时间；很久aged adj. 年老的，年迈的 my aged parents; the ag

8、ed= the old 老年人I couldnt agree more. = I agree completely. 我完全同意。travel agency 旅行社ahead of time/ schedule = in advance 提前in aid of 为了帮助; read aloud 朗读take aim at 瞄准; aim to do 力争做到; be aimed at doing sth. 旨在in the air 在空气中； on (the) air 正在广播all the time 一直； all in all 总的说来； in all 总共 = altogetherall

9、ow doing sth. 允许做某事； allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事have no alternative/ choice but to do sth. 除了做某事， 别无选择amount to 总计= add up to = come to ; 等于，相当于 = be equal to in the final analysis 归根结底 (用于句首)the twentieth wedding anniversary 结婚20周年纪念日one after another 一个接着一个； one another = each other 互相answer for

10、= be responsible for 对负责be anxious for/ about 为担心； be anxious for渴望得到; be anxious to do渴望做= be keen to do= be eager to do; anxiety n. 焦虑apart from 除了 = except; 除了之外，还= besidesapartment = flat 公寓apologize to sb. for sth. 因为某事向某人道歉；= make an apology to sb. for sth.apparent adj. 明显的；显然的= obvious, clear

11、, 而distinct (有区别的，不同的；明显的)appeal to sb. to do sth. = call on sb. to do sth. 呼吁某人做某事；sth. appeal to sb. 某事对某人又吸引力； appealing adj. 有吸引力的 = attractivehave a poor (good) appetite 胃口不好(好)； have an appetite for 爱好get a round of applause 获得一阵掌声be the apple of ones eye 是某人的掌上明珠apply for 申请; apply A to B： 把A

12、运用到B 中； 把A 涂到B上去apply to 对适用； apply oneself to 致力于Id appreciate it (very much) if you could do sth. 如果你能做某事，我会不胜感激。高考英语词汇手册词汇解析（approach composition）approach n. 接近；方法 a new approach to teaching languages 一种新的语言教学法。 v. 对付，处理 (= deal with) approach a problem 处理问题appropriate adj. 合适的，适当的 (= suitable, p

13、roper). opp. inappropriateapproximately adv. 近似，大约 (用于科技文体）= about, around, roughlyargue v. 争论；争吵；争辩。arguing , argument. cf. quarrel n.& v. 争吵，吵架arise v. (问题、困难) 产生；出现be (just) around /round the corner: 即将来临，临近。就在附近arouse ones interest 引起某人兴趣arrange for sb. to do sth. 安排某人做某事artificial adj. （尤指模拟自然的

14、）人工的，人造的；仿真的。artificial flowers 假花；artificial heart 人造心脏 man-made (尤指地貌或材料)：man-made lake 人工湖；man-made fibres 人造纤维burn to ashes 烧成灰烬（既可用主动语态也可用被动语态）be ashamed of sth. 为而感到惭愧； be ashamed to do sth. 不好意思做某事set aside 留出；省出（时间、钱、空间）fall asleep 入睡； fast/sound asleep 睡得很熟assess v. 评价；评估=evaluate assign sb

15、. sth. 分配某人某物/某事； assign sb. to do sth. 指派某人做某事associate A with B 把A 与B联系起来assume/ take responsibility for 承担的责任assure sb. that 使某人确信; assure sb. of sth. 向某人保证某事attach A to B 把A连接到B上； attachment n. 附件attempt to do sth. = make an attempt to do sth. 企图做某事；attempted murder 谋杀未遂attendance n. 出席；出席人数； at

16、tend to sth. 处理某事be sold at auction 被拍卖；put sth. up for auction 把某物拿出来拍卖a large / small audience 许多/很少观众have the authority to do sth. 有权做sth. authorize v. 授权 sb. to do sth. 授权某人做sth.autumn = fall n. 秋季sth. be available to sb. 某物为某人可获得on (the) average 按平均值，平均而言audio-visual aids/ equipment 视听设备；audio

17、a. 声音的；音频的。visual a. 视力的；视觉的visualize vulazvt. 想象；设想avoid doing sth. 避免做某事； await = wait foraward sb. sth. = award sth. to sb. 授予某人某物； award sb. first prize 授予某人一等奖be aware of = be conscious of 意识到; awareness= consciousness n. 意识back vt. 支持= supportthe balance of nature 生态平衡；the balance = the rest 剩

18、余(部分)keep ones balance 保持平衡；lose ones balance 失去平衡ban 禁止=forbid, prohibit; ban sb. from doing sth. = prohibit sb. from doing sth. forbid sb. from doing sth., forbid sb. to do sth.lift a ban 解除禁令bank n. 储蓄罐= piggy bank, break the bank 花钱很多；透支have a barbecue进行烧烤barely=hardly= scarcely 几乎不Its a bargain

19、. 这是合算的. bargain with sb. 与某人讨价还价barrier n. 障碍 = obstacle base n. 底部= bottom; 基础=foundation; military base 军事基地basic research 基础研究；basic principles 基本原理on a regular basis 定期地；on a daily basis 每天have/ take a bath 洗个澡on the beach 在海滩上； bean curd 豆腐bear/ keep sth. in mind 牢记某事beat v. 打败；击败(用于比赛）； defea

20、t v. 击败，战胜(既可用于比赛中，也可用于战争中)be beaten to death 被打死； beat sb. black and blue 把某人打得青一块紫一块。beauty spots 名胜，风景点= scenic spots; places of interest make the bed 铺床；bed-wetting n. 尿床Wheres the beef? 葫芦里究竟卖什么药？beggar n. 乞丐on behalf of sb. 代表某人behave oneself 守规矩believe it or not, 信不信由你；Seeing is believing. 眼见

21、为实。belong to 属于; belongings n. 所有物；财产，财物 = possessionsbelow prep& adv. 在下面 ant. above; below freezing/zero 零度以下beneath= underneath prep. 在下面；在正下方of benefit = beneficial 有益的besides prep. 除了以外(还有) = in addition to, as well as； besides adv. 还有；此外 = moreover, furthermore, additionallybet sth.(money) on

22、sth. 把押在上； I bet (that); Ill bet (that)我敢肯定；我敢保证；我相信; You bet! 当然！give sb. a big hand 给某人热烈鼓掌biography n. 传记； autobiography tbagrf n. 自传not a bit = not at all 一点也不； do ones bit 尽自己的一份力量black coffee 清咖啡； black tea 红茶be to blame for sth. 对某事负有责任；blame sb. for sth. = blame sth. on sb. 责怪某人某事go blank 头脑

23、突然一片空白， My mind went blank. 我头脑突然一片空白。Be blanketed in/ with 覆盖/ 笼罩着/在中May God bless you. 愿上帝保佑你。take a blind eye to对视而不见Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水。blood type 血型；blood transfusion 输血give/ donate blood 献血be in (full) blossom (花) 盛开= be in flower; be in bloomblue adj. 忧郁的；沮丧的 = depressedon board

24、 在船上；在车上；在飞机上； boarder n. 住宿生； boarding school 寄宿学校boiling water 沸水；boiled water 开水；boiling point 沸点bold bld adj. 大胆的；鲁莽的。cf. bald bld adj. 秃头的； brave adj. 勇敢的be (all) skin and bone 瘦得皮包骨头的a closed book 一无所知的事； 预定 = reserve borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物；lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人 borrowed word 外来词bottom

25、 line 底线；from the bottom of ones heart 从心底里； Bottoms up! 干杯！be bound to do sth. 一定会/ 肯定会做某事bow bu n. 弓；蝴蝶结。Bow and arrow 弓箭； bow ba v.& n. 鞠躬 bow to sb.use ones brain/ head 动动脑筋branded adj. 名牌的 branded products 名牌产品It is brave of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事是勇敢的；bravery n. 勇敢have a break = have a rest 休息一会b

26、ridge n. 桥；桥牌。 play bridge 打桥牌in brief = briefly 简要地broad adj. 宽的，ant. narrow adj. 狭窄的 broaden v. 使变宽；扩大 broaden ones horizonsbrochure n. 小册子= booklet, leaflet (小册子；传单)browsebraz v. 浏览；随便翻阅 browse through Buddhist budist n. & adj. 佛教的；佛教徒; Christian krstn n.& adj.基督教的；基督教徒budget v. 把编入预算buffet bfe n

27、. 自助餐 buffet lunch 自助午餐bulb n. 灯泡= light bulb; bulb n. 球茎a bunch of flowers 一束花；a bunch of keys 一串钥匙burn the midnight oil 挑灯夜战，开夜车；burst into flames 突然起火burst into tears/ laughter/song = burst out crying/ laughing/ singing 突然哭/大笑/唱起歌来be out of business 停业；倒闭； Business is business. 公事公办；get down to b

28、usiness 干正事。Its none of your business. 这与你无关。undo the buttons 解开纽扣 undondu v. 解开； do up a button 系上扣子buy = purchase a piece of cake 很容易的事call on sb. 拜访某人；call for 要求；需要；call off = cancel 取消make camp 扎营；go camping 去露营；summer camp 夏令营launch a campaign 发起一项运动on campus 在校园里be capable of doing sth. = be

29、able to do sth.card n. 名片= business cardcarrot and stick 胡萝卜加大棒；威逼利诱in case 万一；以防万一；in any case 不管怎样，无论如何pay in cash 用现金支付；cashier k n. 出纳；收银员cast sb. as 让某人扮演rain cats and dogs 下倾盆大雨cause 引起；导致= lead to, bring about, give rise to, result in, contribute towithout cease 不停地cease to do sth. (长时间停做某事)；

30、cease doing sth. (短时间停止做某事，以后还会做)wedding ceremony 婚礼be certain to do sth. 一定会做某事= be bound to do sth.be sure to do sth. 务必做某事（用于祈使句）； 一定会做某事（用于陈述句）a certain student = some student 某一位学生take ones chances = try ones luck 碰碰运气; by chance 碰巧The chances are that 可能= It is likely thatThe chances are that

31、shell be coming. 很可能她要来.It is characteristic/typical of sb. to do sth. It is characteristic/ typical of him todoze off ofteninclass. 他经常在课堂上打瞌睡，这是他的特点。cheat v. 欺骗= deceiveplay chess 下国际象棋chewing gum 口香糖in ones childhood 在某人童年时chip n. (电脑)芯片have no choice/ alternative but to do sth. 除了做某事之外别无选择at Chr

32、istmas 在圣诞节期间； on Christmas Day 在圣诞节那天go to church 去教堂做礼拜under/ in no circumstances 任何情况下都不classic music 经典音乐； classical music 古典音乐clean adj. 无过失(犯罪)记录的，a clean driving licence 无违规记录的驾驶执照。Hes got a clean record. 他没有犯罪记录。climb v. 爬；攀登 = ascendEvery cloud has a silver lining. 黑暗里总有一线光明。on the coast 在海

33、岸上coastline n. 海岸线What a coincidence! 太巧了！comediankmidn n. 喜剧演员；tragedian trdidn n. 悲剧演员command respect 赢得尊敬have a good command of 熟练掌握; 精通comment on 对做评论/ 评价commit suicide 自杀； commit a crime 犯罪be committed to (doing) sth. 致力于(做)某事common sense 常识； have sth. in common 有某些共同之处communicate with sb. 与某人交

34、际/ 交流； communicate A to B 把A传达给Bkeep sb. company 给某人做伴compare A with B 把A 和B 进行比较；compare A to B 把A比作Bin comparison to/ with= by comparison with 和相比compete in 参加的比赛； compete with sb. 与某人竞争complain about sth. 抱怨某事；complain to sb. about sth. 向某人抱怨/ 投诉某事 = make a complaint to sb. about sth.pay sb. a co

35、mpliment = pay a compliment to sb. 赞美/ 恭维某人My compliments to sb. 替我向某人问候/ 致意be compose of 由组成/ 构成= be made up of = consist ofcomposition n. 作文；组成，构成高考英语词汇手册词汇解析（comprehension discipline）comprehension n. 理解(力)；包含；广泛性be beyond ones comprehension 无法理解； a term of wide comprehension 含义广泛的词语comprehend v.

36、理解 = understand; comprehensible adj. 可理解的comprehensive adj. 广泛的，全面的，综合的；理解的；有理解力的comprehensive planning 全面规划；take a comprehensive view of the situation 通观全局compulsory adj. 义务的；强制的；n. (比赛中的)规定动作compulsory education 义务教育；a compulsory subject 必修科目；compulsory military service 义务兵役制conceal v. 隐藏；掩盖；隐瞒（=h

37、ide） conceal sth. from sb. 对某人隐瞒某事concentrate on/ upon sth. = focus on. 专心于；专注于be concerned about关心/担忧 ; concerning prep. 关于；有关，涉及as far as Im concerned, 在我看来，reach/ come to / draw a conclusion 得出结论； in conclusion 总之living/ working conditions 生活 /工作条件； be in a good condition 状况良好；on condition that 条

38、件是conduct a survey/ investigation 进行一项调查；conduct / do an experiment 做实验conduct an orchestra 指挥乐队be confident of对有信心；have confidence/ trust in 相信confuse v. 使混淆；使困惑（=puzzle）confusing adj. 令人困惑的（=puzzling）; confused adj. 感到迷惑的（=puzzled）; confusion n. congratulations on sb. 祝贺某人；congratulate sb. on sth.

39、 祝贺某人某事be connected to 与相连接；be connected with与有关联的/ 有关系的have a guilty conscience 问心有愧；have a clear conscience 问心无愧 conscientious,knens adj. 认真负责的，一丝不苟的be conscious of = be aware of 知道; 意识到 consciousness n. 意识= awarenessas a consequence = as a result 因此；as a consequence/ result of 由于的结果consequently a

40、dv. 因而，所以consider v. 认为；考虑；consider doing sth. 考虑做某事； consider sb./ sth. to doe.g. The campaign was considered to have failed. 这项运动被认为失败了。constant adj. 忠诚的 (= devoted), a constant friend 忠诚的朋友construct v. = build 建造；构建。construction n. = buildingconsult sb. about sth. 向某人咨询某事contact (v. ) sb. 联系某人= m

41、ake contact (n.) with sb.; stay in contact 保持联系= keep in toucheye contact 眼神交流，目光接触be content with 对满意= be pleased/ satisfied/ delighted withcontestant n. 竞争者；选手 = competitorcontinue doing sth.= continue to do sth. 继续做某事；continuous adj. 持续的，不间断的；continual adj. 持续的，不间断的 多次重复的，频繁的（通常是有害或恼人的）continuati

42、on kntnje()n n. 连续；持续；继续sign/ make a contract (with) (与) 签订合同; break a contract 违反合同；fulfil a contract 履行合同； contract kntrkt v. 缩小；收缩；缩短(= shrink); ant. expandon the contrary 正相反；A is contrary to B，A 与B相反；to the contrary 相反的(作后置定语）by contrast (to/ with) 与相比/ 对比= in contrast (to/ with)contribute (sth

43、.) to向捐赠；contribute to 造成，导致；contribute to向撰稿/ 投稿be in control 处于控制之下；take control of控制/ 支配; have/ keep/ bring sth. under control 把控制住convenient adj. 方便的 inconvenient adj. 不方便的；convenience n. 方便for convenience 为了方便起见；at ones convenience 在某人方便的时候convert sth. to/ into把某物改成convey sth. to sb. 向某人传达某事con

44、vince sb. that使某人确信; convince sb. of sth. 使某人确信某事；convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事cook v.& n. 煮；厨师； cooker n. 炊具cooperate with 与合作cope with= deal with 对付；处理be (just) around the corner 即将发生， Victory is just around the corner. 胜利在望。at all costs 不惜任何代价count down 倒计时；countdown n. 倒计时a couple of 一对，一双；几个d

45、uring/ in the course of 在的过程中；a four-course meal四道菜的一顿饭go to court 上法院；打官司。 take sb. to court 把某人告上法庭milk a cow 挤牛奶arts and crafts 工艺美术car crash 汽车撞车事故；plane/ air crash 飞机失事drive sb. crazy 使某人发疯； be crazy about sth. 对着迷create v. 创造；造成；产生 creation n.; creative adj. 创造的；有创造力的； creativity n. 创造力； creat

46、or n. 创造者credit card 信用卡； credit limit 信用额度；buy sth. on credit 赊购某物turn to crime 沦为罪犯；crime rate 犯罪率；commit a crime 犯罪financial crisis 金融危机；economic crisis 经济危机；be in crisis 处于危机之中a crisis of confidence 信任危机be critical of 批评; be critical to 对至关重要；be of critical importance 极其重要a critical/ crucial moment 紧要关头；关键时刻criticize sb. for sth. 批评某人某事be crowded with 挤满了= be filled with= be full ofbe cruel to sb.