V-ing-的用法(1).ppt

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1、现在分词的分类现在分词的分类 1. 一般式一般式 2. 完成式完成式 3. 一般式的被动式一般式的被动式 4. 完成式的被动式完成式的被动式 5. 一般式的否定式一般式的否定式 6. 完成式的否定式完成式的否定式A. being doneB. doingC. not doingD. having doneE. not having doneF. having been donev-ing形式的基本用法形式的基本用法:动名词在句中起名词的作用，可做动名词在句中起名词的作用，可做主语，宾语，表语和定语。主语，宾语，表语和定语。现在分词在句中可做定语，状语，现在分词在句中可做定语，状语，表语和宾语补

2、足语。表语和宾语补足语。 V-ing形式表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时形式表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后，用其一般式；发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后，用其一般式；v-ing形式表示的动作在主要动作之前发生，用形式表示的动作在主要动作之前发生，用其完成式。例如：其完成式。例如：What worried the child most was not being allowed to visit his mother in the hospital.He was praised for having saved a boys life.在语态上，在语态上，v-ing的主动式

3、表示主动意义，被的主动式表示主动意义，被动式表示被动意义。如：动式表示被动意义。如：He insisted on sending her to hospital.他坚持要把她送到医院去。他坚持要把她送到医院去。He insisted on being sent to work in the countryside.他坚持要被派到乡下工作。他坚持要被派到乡下工作。1）直接用动名词做主语。）直接用动名词做主语。Collecting stamps is his hobby.2)用用it 做形式主语，真正的主语做形式主语，真正的主语动名动名词短语放在后面。常用于下列句式：词短语放在后面。常用于下列句式

4、：It is no use/ no good/ useless/ worthwhile/ dangerous/ a waste of time/ fun 等后需用等后需用动名词做真正的主语。动名词做真正的主语。Its no use waiting for him any longer.Its a waste of time arguing about it.一一.v-ing做主语，谓语动词用单数动词。做主语，谓语动词用单数动词。3)当句型当句型“There is no”表示表示“不允许，禁不允许，禁止某种行为的发生或存在止某种行为的发生或存在”时，需用动名词时，需用动名词做主语。做主语。The

5、re is no joking about such matters.这种事开不得玩笑。这种事开不得玩笑。1)作及物动词的宾语。部分动词后面只能跟动作及物动词的宾语。部分动词后面只能跟动名词，而不能跟不定式作宾语。名词，而不能跟不定式作宾语。避免错过少延期避免错过少延期: avoid , miss, postpone建议完成多练习建议完成多练习: advise, finish, practise喜欢想象禁不住喜欢想象禁不住: enjoy, imagine, cant help承认否认与嫉妒：承认否认与嫉妒：admit, deny, envy逃避冒险莫原谅：逃避冒险莫原谅：escape, ris

6、k, excuse忍受保持不介意：忍受保持不介意：stand, keep, mind二二. 做宾语做宾语2）下列动词短语也常跟）下列动词短语也常跟v-ing形式作宾语形式作宾语。 insist on, object to, be good at , be fond of, lead to , put off, give up , look forward to , feel like, devote to , get used to , pay attention to , be worth等。等。He insisted on doing it in his own way.他坚持要按照自己的

7、方法做。他坚持要按照自己的方法做。I feel like going to the movie this evening.注意：注意：当动名词短语作宾语，后面又有宾语补足当动名词短语作宾语，后面又有宾语补足语时，语时， 常用常用it 做形式宾语，而把真正的宾做形式宾语，而把真正的宾语语动名词短语放在后面。动名词短语放在后面。She found it useless arguing with him.Do you consider it any good trying again ?你觉得再试试会有好处吗？你觉得再试试会有好处吗？3）在动词）在动词start , begin, continue等

8、可接动名词也可接等可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，两者意义区别不大。不定式作宾语，两者意义区别不大。They continued working / to work as if nothing had happened.4)在在love , hate, prefer , like 等动词后接动名词作宾语等动词后接动名词作宾语指经常性的动作，而接不定式做宾语指具体的动作。指经常性的动作，而接不定式做宾语指具体的动作。He preferred staying in the house when it rained.(用动名词作宾语，指每逢下雨就留在家）用动名词作宾语，指每逢下雨就留在家）I pref

9、er to stay at home this afternoon.(动词不定式作宾语，指今天下午留在家这一具体动作）动词不定式作宾语，指今天下午留在家这一具体动作）5)有些动词或词组后跟有些动词或词组后跟v-ing形式或不定式形式或不定式都可以，但意思不同。都可以，但意思不同。stop to do sth.stop doing sth.mean to do sth.mean doing try to do sth.try doing sth.停下来去做某事停下来去做某事停止或不做某事停止或不做某事想要做某事想要做某事意味着做某事意味着做某事努力努力/企图做某事企图做某事试着做某事（看会发生试

10、着做某事（看会发生什么）什么）be afraid to do sthbe afraid of doing sth.remember doing sth.remember to do sth.forget doing sth.forget to do sthregret doing sthregret to do sth不敢做某事不敢做某事害怕发生害怕发生记得做了某事记得做了某事记得要去做某事记得要去做某事忘记曾做了某事忘记曾做了某事忘记要去做某事忘记要去做某事后悔做了某事后悔做了某事遗憾要去做遗憾要去做 go on doing go on to do cant help doing cant

11、help to do继续做同一件事继续做同一件事继续做另外一件事继续做另外一件事情不自禁地去做某事情不自禁地去做某事不能帮助做某事不能帮助做某事6）.在在allow , advise, forbid , permit 等词后等词后直接跟动词作宾语时，要用动名词形式，如果直接跟动词作宾语时，要用动名词形式，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，然后再跟动词作宾后面有名词或代词作宾语，然后再跟动词作宾语补足语时，其宾语补足语用带语补足语时，其宾语补足语用带to的不定式。的不定式。即：即：allow/ advise/ forbid/ permit + doing或：或：allow/ advise/ forbi

12、d/ permit + sb. to doWe dont allow smoking here.We dont allow students to smoke.7） should / would like / love 等后必须用等后必须用不定式。不定式。Id like to have a cup of tea.8）下列动词可接）下列动词可接v-ing形式的主动形式表示形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。need/ want/require/ deserve doing= need / want / require / deserve to b

13、e doneThe bike needs repairing / to be repaired.Exercises He got well prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity. A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost 2. It is no good _ all the time. A. complaining B. to complain C. complained D. complain3. I regret _ tha

14、t Im too busy _ in the talk. A. to say, to participate B. saying , participating C. to say, participating D. saying , to participate4. She has been used to _abroad. A. live B. to live C. lived D. living5. Have you ever dreamed of _ so good a chance for further education ? A. there is B. there to be

15、C. there being D. there will be6. The novel is well worth_ but _ the students have read it. A. to be read, not all B. to be read, all not C. reading , not all D. reading, all not7. I have to go to work on foot , for my bile needs _. A. repair B. to repair C. repairing D. being repaired8) I dont mind

16、 _ by bus, but I hate _ in queues.A) to travel.standing B) having traveled.standingC) traveling.to stand D) traveling.standing9)What about _ double quantities of everything today? We have hardly time to go_ next week.A) buying.to shop B) buy.shoppingC) buying.shopping D) to buy.shopping10) We had so

17、me trouble _ the house and nobody seemed _ where it was.A) in finding.knowing B) finding.to knowC) to find.knowing D) to find.to know11)We cant imagine _ in the entrance examination, for she has never been to school.A) she succeeding B) her succeedingC) she succeed D) her to succeed动名词动名词作表语表示抽象的、一般

18、的行为，作表语表示抽象的、一般的行为，现在现在分词分词作表语表示主语的特征、性质和状态。作表语表示主语的特征、性质和状态。Our greatest happiness is serving the people.（动名词）（动名词）Our task is building socialism. （动名词）（动名词）The film we saw last night is quite moving. （现在分词）（现在分词）全析提示：全析提示：（1）动名词作表语时，主语和表语可以互换，）动名词作表语时，主语和表语可以互换，句子意思不变。句子意思不变。（2）现在分词作表语时，主语和表语不能互）现

19、在分词作表语时，主语和表语不能互换。现在分词前面可以有修饰性的副词，如换。现在分词前面可以有修饰性的副词，如very, rather等。等。His hobby is playing football.His hobby is playing football.My job is teaching English.My job is teaching English.The news is (very )exciting.The news is (very )exciting.She was very She was very pleasingpleasing in her appearance

20、. in her appearance.1) 动名词做定语时，表示被修饰名词的性能，动名词做定语时，表示被修饰名词的性能，有有“供供之用之用”的意思。的意思。drinking water = water for drinking 饮用水饮用水a walking stick = a stick for walking 手杖手杖a reading room = a room for reading 阅览室阅览室 tiring music = music that is tiring 烦人的音乐烦人的音乐 a surprising result = a result that is surprisi

21、ng 一个惊人的结果一个惊人的结果 现在分词短语作定语时现在分词短语作定语时, 放在所修饰的名词之放在所修饰的名词之后后, 并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。 They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street. The man standing there is Peters father. = The man who is standing there is Peters father. 3. 现在分词现在分词短语也可以用作非限制定语，短语也可

22、以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。与句子其他部分用逗号分开。如：如： His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. = His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. 1 1，动名词不能作宾语补足语。现在分词作宾，动名词不能作宾语补足语。现在分词作宾补补表示表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。个过程或一种状态。例如：例如：我看见他

23、正在上楼。我看见他正在上楼。 I saw him going upstairs. 我们看着她在过大街。我们看着她在过大街。 We watched her crossing the street. 我们听见她在房间里唱歌。我们听见她在房间里唱歌。 We heard her singing in her room。 2. 能用能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词形式作宾语补足语的几类动词: 1) 表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。

24、如：等。如： We saw a light burning in the window. I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder. I didnt notice him waiting.2) 表示指使意义的动词，常见的有表示指使意义的动词，常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。如：等。如：I wont have you doing that. This set me thinking.Im sorry to have kept you waiting. I cant get the clock going

25、again.You wont catch me doing that again.你看吧，我决不会做那种事了。你看吧，我决不会做那种事了。 3). see, hear, feel, watch等动词之后用等动词之后用-ing形形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别： We passed by the classroom and saw the teacher making the experiment. 我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。 （只在走过教室的刹那间，看见老师（只在走过教室的刹那间，看见老师 正在做实验）正在做实验） 前者

26、表示动作正在进行，而后者表示前者表示动作正在进行，而后者表示（或强调）动作从开始到结束的全过程。如（或强调）动作从开始到结束的全过程。如: We sat an hour and watched the teacher make the experiment. 我们坐了一个小时，看老师做实验。我们坐了一个小时，看老师做实验。 （一个小时之内一直在看老师作实验）（一个小时之内一直在看老师作实验） 如果宾语补足语是短暂性动词，动词不定如果宾语补足语是短暂性动词，动词不定式短语表示一次动作，式短语表示一次动作， 而而-ing形式则表示反复形式则表示反复动作。如：动作。如： We heard the d

27、oor slam. We heard the door slamming. ( (反复动作反复动作) )( (一次动作一次动作) ) While watching television, _. A. the doorbell ran B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings2.The question _ at present has something important to do with our daily life.A. to be discussing B.

28、to discussC. been discussed D. being discussed3.China is a _ country _ to the third 3.China is a _ country _ to the third world.world.A. developed; belongs A. developed; belongs B. developing, belongingB. developing, belongingC. developing; belongsC. developing; belongs D. developed; belongedD. deve

29、loped; belonged4.-Who is the man _to the teacher4.-Who is the man _to the teacher？ -A model worker _ our school.-A model worker _ our school. A. talks A. talks，visits visits B. is talking ;is visitingB. is talking ;is visiting C. talking; visiting C. talking; visiting D. talking; visitedD. talking;

30、visited5. It is said that the missing students were last seen _ near the river. A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play 6. The policewoman looked around and caught a young man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting 7. Every teacher said Mike wa

31、s a _ boy when in school. A. promised B. promising C. to promise D. promise 8. Mr. White, _ of the _ TV play, started to read a novel. A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring 9. When the girl got back home from work she saw a message pinned to the door _ “Sorry to miss yo

32、u; I will call later.” A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading 现在分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须是现在分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语。句子的主语。但要注意它的各种形式变化：但要注意它的各种形式变化： 主动形式主动形式 被动形式被动形式 V-ing being V-ed having V-ed having been V-ed 一般式一般式完成式完成式 六六 现在分词作状语现在分词作状语Eg. Hearing the bell, the students began to enter the classroom. 听见

33、铃声，学生们开听见铃声，学生们开始走进教室。（听见和进入两个动作同时始走进教室。（听见和进入两个动作同时发生）发生）The building being built now is our new library. 现在正在建造地现在正在建造地 这栋楼房室我们这栋楼房室我们地地 新图书馆（新图书馆（being built为现在分词的被为现在分词的被动形式，表示动作正在进行之中。）动形式，表示动作正在进行之中。）Having done the work, he went home. 完成完成了工作，他就回家了。了工作，他就回家了。现在分词在句中作状语，修饰谓语动现在分词在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词或

34、整个句子，表示动作发生的词或整个句子，表示动作发生的原因原因、时间时间、方式方式、结果结果、条件条件、伴随状况伴随状况等。现在分词等。现在分词一般不用作表目的地状一般不用作表目的地状语语（通常用不定式表目的地状语）。（通常用不定式表目的地状语）。1V-ing作时间状语，其动作与主句谓语动词作时间状语，其动作与主句谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，或先于谓语动词的动作。所表示的动作同时发生，或先于谓语动词的动作。 Hearing the good news, they jumped with joy. Having taught the new words, the teacher went on

35、to explain the text. V-ing前可带连词前可带连词when, while, whenever，强调，强调 前后动作的同时性。例如：前后动作的同时性。例如： When taking medicine, follow the direction on the bottle carefully. 服药时，严格按照药瓶上的服药时，严格按照药瓶上的说明。说明。 2V-ing作原因状语，前不带连词。作原因状语，前不带连词。 Living far away from school, he was often late. Having lived in the country for y

36、ears, he knew how to plant vegetables. 下列几种情况下，下列几种情况下，V-ing短语一般为原因状语。短语一般为原因状语。1)由系动词由系动词be及某些连系动词组成的及某些连系动词组成的V-ing短语。短语。 Being kind and knowledgeable, the new teacher soon became popular among the students. Being ill, he didnt go to school. (=as he was ill, he didnt go to school.)2）V-ing的否定形式。的否定

37、形式。 Not knowing his telephone number, I couldnt get in touch with him.由于我不知道他的电话号码，无法与由于我不知道他的电话号码，无法与他取得联系。他取得联系。 Not having received a reply, he decided to write again. 由于未收到回信，他决定再写封信。由于未收到回信，他决定再写封信。 3) 含有含有“了解、意识到、忘记了解、意识到、忘记”等表心等表心理状态的动词组成的理状态的动词组成的V-ing短语。短语。 Knowing English well, he translat

38、ed the article without much difficulty. 他精通英语，因此毫不费力地翻译了那他精通英语，因此毫不费力地翻译了那篇文章。篇文章。 Thinking that there would be a traffic jam, I started earlier than usual. 想到会出现交通堵塞，因此我比往常动想到会出现交通堵塞，因此我比往常动身早。身早。 3V-ing作状语，表行为方式和伴随情况时作状语，表行为方式和伴随情况时，其动作往往与主句谓语动词的动作同时发生，相其动作往往与主句谓语动词的动作同时发生，相当于一个并列结构。作伴随状语的分词表示的动当于

39、一个并列结构。作伴随状语的分词表示的动作，必须是作，必须是主语的一个主语的一个 动作动作，或是，或是与谓语所表示与谓语所表示地动作（或状态）同时发生地动作（或状态）同时发生，或是，或是对谓语表示的对谓语表示的动词（或状态）作进一步地补充说明动词（或状态）作进一步地补充说明。They stood there for an hour watching the game. (and watched the game) The children rushed out of the classroom, laughing and talking merrily.( and laughed and tal

40、ked merrily) Eg. He sat on the sofa, watching TV.(=He sat on the sofa, and watched TV.) 他们笑着谈着走进了教室。他们笑着谈着走进了教室。_ , they went into the classroom. 他斜靠他斜靠(lean)着墙站着。着墙站着。 He stood leaning against the wall.(He stood and leaned against the wall.)Laughing and talking4V-ing作结果状语时，往往表示自然产生作结果状语时，往往表示自然产生的结

41、果；而不定式与的结果；而不定式与only连用，则表示意料不连用，则表示意料不到的结果。到的结果。试比较：试比较： A bomb exploded at the hotel yesterday evening, killing seven people. 昨晚一颗炸弹在昨晚一颗炸弹在旅馆附近爆炸，致使七人丧生旅馆附近爆炸，致使七人丧生 。 It took me almost ten years to find her address, only to learn she had died two years before. 我花了将近十年的时间才找到她的住我花了将近十年的时间才找到她的住址，不料

42、她早在两年前就去世了。址，不料她早在两年前就去世了。 5V-ing 作条件状语，注意区分以祈使句开作条件状语，注意区分以祈使句开头表条件的句型。头表条件的句型。 Leaving it with me, Ill see what I can do. （V-ing作状语，表条件）作状语，表条件） Leave it with me and Ill see what I can do. （祈使句，表条件）（祈使句，表条件） 上述句子可改成：上述句子可改成：If you leave it with me, Ill see what I can do. Using your head, you will

43、find a way. (=If you use your head, you will find a way.)V-ing作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子中的主语一致，中的主语一致，误：误： While looking at the map, a police officer came up and asked if he could help us. (looking at的逻辑主语与的逻辑主语与a police officer不一致不一致) 正：正：While we were looking at the map, a police officer came up

44、 and asked if he could help us. 注意事项注意事项但少数几个但少数几个V-ing短语如短语如judging from, generally speaking, considering, talking of在句在句中作评注性状语时，用以说明说话人的态度、中作评注性状语时，用以说明说话人的态度、观点，看法等，其逻辑主语可以与句子主语不观点，看法等，其逻辑主语可以与句子主语不一致。例如：一致。例如： Judging from her accent, she must be from Northeast of China. Generally speaking, par

45、ents care about their childrens health than for their own. Considering his old age, he was fit for the heavy job. 分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果与句子主语不一致，那么分词短语语一致。如果与句子主语不一致，那么分词短语就需要有自己的逻辑主语，且要用独立主格结构就需要有自己的逻辑主语，且要用独立主格结构形式来表达。形式来表达。独立主格结构的构成：名词独立主格结构的构成：名词/代词代词+ 分词分词/ 不定式不定式/ 形容词

46、形容词/ 副词副词/ 介词短语介词短语/ 名词名词此结构在句中起方式，原因，时间，条件等状语此结构在句中起方式，原因，时间，条件等状语或状语从句的作用。或状语从句的作用。Miss Gao falling ill, Mr. Wang took her class instead. （表原因）（表原因）It being Sunday , I didnt go to school.（原因）（原因）I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head（时间）（时间）我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。All the tickets havi

47、ng been sold out, they went away disappointedly. . （原因）（原因）所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。Time permitting, well do another two exercises.（条件）（条件） 如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。practice“You cant catch me!” Janet shouted, _ away. A. run B. running C. to run D. ran B解析：答案解析：答案B B。running awa

48、yrunning away在此作在此作shoutedshouted的的伴随状语，由伴随状语，由JanetJanet发出这一动作。发出这一动作。2. The storm left, _ a lot of damage to this area. A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having causedD解析：答案解析：答案D D。题意：暴雨过去了，只留。题意：暴雨过去了，只留下给这一地区造成的巨大损害。由上下文下给这一地区造成的巨大损害。由上下文逻辑意义看，此处应表示自然而然的结果，逻辑意义看，此处应表示自然而然的结果，故用现在分词作结果状

49、语。故用现在分词作结果状语。3. _ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. to wait B. have waited C. having waited D. to have waitedC解析：答案解析：答案C C。此处为现在分词的完。此处为现在分词的完成式作时间状语，表明该动作发生在成式作时间状语，表明该动作发生在realizedrealized之前。之前。4. _ such heavy pollution already, it may n

50、ow be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffered C. To suffer D. SufferedA解析：答案解析：答案A A。由。由alreadyalready提示，分词提示，分词动作发生在谓语之前，故须用分词的动作发生在谓语之前，故须用分词的完成式。完成式。5. The secretary worked all night long, _ a long speech for the president. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was prep