Unit4-cultural-encounters(1).ppt

《Unit4-cultural-encounters(1).ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《Unit4-cultural-encounters(1).ppt（195页珍藏版）》请在得力文库 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、Watch the video and answer the following questions.1. Is there anything different about the wedding? Audiovisual supplementCultural informationThe wedding is not like the traditional American wedding. The bridegroom is from a different culture.When people from different cultures live together, the b

2、ig problems for them may be the different languages, different lifestyles, different eating habits, and different religions, etc.2. What are the big problems for people from different cultures when they live together?Audiovisual supplementCultural informationPriest: Weve come together to show our su

3、pport for Sidney and Rachel, and their joining hands and joining themselves together in holy wedlock. The weathers been pretty miserable all weekend, but now its a beautiful day. And its a beautiful day because when two people come together who really love one another and want to share that with oth

4、er people, it makes it a beautiful day. So Sidney Williams and Rachel Buchman have come to do that. And, Rachel, you go first. Audiovisual supplementCultural informationRachel:Sidney: Rachel:Paul Buchman likes to say that the measure of a great life is not how well loved you are, but how well you lo

5、ve others. Sidney, you teach me that every day. You are just so full of grace, and I promise before God and these beautiful people that I will love you fiercely and sweetly. And I look forward to sharing that great life with you. Thank you for marrying me.All that I ever wanted was to just hear musi

6、c, and when I met you, I heard you. And, Rachel, youre the most beautiful thing Ive ever heard. Thank you for marrying me.Youre welcome.Audiovisual supplementCultural informationHuman beings draw close to one another by their common nature, but habits and customs keep them apart. Confucius1. QuoteAu

7、diovisual supplementCultural informationAudiovisual supplementCultural information The key to effective cross-cultural communication is knowledge. 2. Cross-cultural Communication Strategiesu First, it is essential that people understand the potential problems of cross-cultural communication, and mak

8、e a conscious effort to overcome these problems. u Second, it is important to assume that ones efforts will not always be successful, and adjust ones behavior appropriately.Audiovisual supplementCultural information Suggestion for heated conflicts is to stop, listen, and think. This helps in cross-c

9、ultural communication as well. u When things seem to be going badly, stop or slow down and think. u Active listening can sometimes be used to check this out by repeating what one thinks he or she heard, one can confirm that one understands the communication accurately. u Often intermediaries who are

10、 familiar with both cultures can be helpful in cross-cultural communication situations. They can translate both the substance and the manner of what is said. They may explain the problem, and make appropriate procedural adjustments. Text analysisStructural analysis1. Which sentence is the thesis sta

11、tement?The last sentence of the 3rd paragraph: “Most fundamental is the profound relationship between language and culture that lies at the heart of society and one that we overlook at our peril.”Text analysisStructural analysis2. Compromising, in the authors view, is a key notion in translation and

12、 thus also in intercultural communication. Numerous examples are used to explain this notion. Try to find these examples.Paragraph 4: The lack of an exact counterpart of the English word “homesickness” in other languages such as Italian, Portuguese, and German.Paragraph 5: The problem of untranslata

13、bility which the early Bible translators encountered.Text analysisStructural analysisParagraph 6: English and Welsh speakers make adjustments regarding the color spectrum in the grey / green / blue / brown range; the flat breads of Central Asia are a long way away from Mothers Pride white sliced toa

14、sties, yet the word “bread” has to serve for both.1. What type of writing is this essay? And whats the main strategy the author adopt to develop the body of the essay?Text analysisStructural analysis It is a piece of argumentation. Abundant examples are provided to support her argument in the body o

15、f the essay.Text analysisStructural analysisParagraphsMain idea1-3It describes the communications revolution taking place worldwide and the widespread use of the English language, and then points out that there are indeed problems with the communications revolution.2. Divide the text into parts by c

16、ompleting the table. ParagraphsMain idea4-78It exemplifies that language and culture are so closely interrelated that often we find that what we can say in one language cannot be conveyed at all in another, and that confronted with insurmountable linguistic problems, translators negotiate the bounda

17、ries between languages and come up with a compromise. It briefly points out the immense significance of intercultural understanding.Text analysisStructural analysisSusan BassnettCultural EncountersDetailed reading We live in an age of easy access to the rest of the world. Cheap flights mean that mil

18、lions of people are able to visit places their parents could only dream about, while the Internet enables us to communicate with the remotest places and the traditional postal services are now referred to almost mockingly as “snail mail.” When students go off backpacking, they can email their parent

19、s from Internet cafes in the Himalayas or from a desert oasis. And as for mobile phones the clicking of text messaging at any hour of the day or night has become familiar to us all. Everyone, it seems, provided, of course, they can afford to do so, need never be out of touch.1 Significantly also, th

20、is great global communications revolution is also linked to the expansion of English, which has now become the leading international language. Conferences and business meetings around the globe are held in English, regardless of whether anyone present is a native English speaker. English has simply

21、become the language that facilitates communication, and for many people learning English is an essential stepping stone on the road to success.Detailed reading2 So why, you may wonder, would anyone have misgivings about all these wonderful developments, and why does the rise of English as a global l

22、anguage cause feelings of uneasiness for some of us? For there are indeed problems with the communications revolution, problems that are not only economic. Most fundamental is the profound relationship between language and culture that lies at the heart of society and one that we overlook at our per

23、il.Detailed reading3 Different cultures are not simply groups of people who label the world differently; languages give us the means to shape our views of the world and languages are different from one another. We express what we see and feel through language, and because languages are so clearly cu

24、lture-related, often we find that what we can say in one language cannot be expressed at all in another. The English word “homesickness” translates into Italian as “nostalgia,” but English has had to borrow that same word to describe a different state of mind, something that is not quite homesicknes

25、s and involves a kind of longing. Homesickness and nostalgia put together are almost, but not quite, the Portuguese “saudade,” an untranslatable word that describes a state of mind that is not despair, Detailed reading4Detailed readingangst (English borrowed that from German), sadness or regret, but

26、 hovers somewhere in and around all those words. The early Bible translators hit the problem of untranslatability head-on. How do you translate the image of the Lamb of God for a culture in which sheep do not exist? What exactly was the fruit that Eve picked in the Garden of Eden? What was the creat

27、ure that swallowed Jonah, given that whales are not given to swimming in warm, southern seas? Faced with unsurmountable linguistic problems, translators negotiated the boundaries between languages and came up with a compromise.5Detailed reading Compromising is something that speakers of more than on

28、e language understand. When there are no words in another language for what you want to say, you make adjustments and try to approximate. English and Welsh speakers make adjustments regarding the color spectrum in the grey / green / blue / brown range, since English has four words and Welsh has thre

29、e. And even where words do exist, compromises still need to be made. The word “democracy” means completely different things in different contexts, and even a word like “bread” which refers to a staple food item made of flour means totally different things to different people. The flat breads of Cent

30、ral Asia are a long way away from Mothers Pride white sliced toasties, yet the word “bread” has to serve for both.6 Inevitably, the spread of English means that millions of people are adding another language to their own and are learning how to negotiate cultural and linguistic differences. This is

31、an essential skill in todays hybrid world, particularly now when the need for international understanding has rarely been so important. But even as more people become multilingual, so native English speakers are losing out, for they are becoming ever more monolingual, and hence increasingly unaware

32、of the differences between cultures that languages reveal. Communicating in another language involves not only linguistic skills, but the ability to think differently, to enter into another cultures mentality and shape language accordingly. Millions of people are discoveringDetailed reading7Detailed

33、 readinghow to bridge cultures, while the English-speaking world becomes ever more complacent and cuts down on foreign language learning programs in the mistaken belief that it is enough to know English. World peace in the future depends on intercultural understanding. Those best placed to help that

34、 process may not be the ones with the latest technology and state-of-the-art mobile phones, but those with the skills to understand what lies in, under and beyond the words spoken in many different languages.8What do cheap flights and the Internet mean to people today? Cheap flights mean that millio

35、ns of people can afford to visit places their parents could only dream about, while the Internet means that numerous people are able to communicate with the remotest places with great ease.Detailed readingDetailed readingExemplify and explain that English has become the most important international

36、language. Conferences and business meetings around the globe are held in English, regardless of whether anyone present is a native English speaker. English has simply become the language that facilitates communication, and for many people learning English is an essential stepping stone on the road t

37、o success.Detailed readingSupply specific examples to prove that language and culture are closely related to each other. Numerous examples show that language and culture are interrelated. Take a look at some English idioms and see how different their Chinese counterparts are: a drop in the ocean 沧海一

38、粟沧海一粟to laugh ones head off 笑掉大牙笑掉大牙to shed crocodile tears 猫哭老鼠猫哭老鼠to spend money like water 挥金如土挥金如土to be born with a silver spoon in ones mouth 生长在富贵人家生长在富贵人家Detailed readingExplain and illustrate what “compromising” and “the spread of English” mean.For “compromising,” refer to Paragraph 6 of the

39、 text. As to “the spread of English,” a typical example is the spread of English in China. Compared with other nations, China boasts the largest number of people who have learned or are learning English. Chinese learners of English are learning how to overcome cultural and linguistic differences. In

40、 todays China, the mastery of English has become an important skill which is of great use and value in all walks of life.Those who are most competent to contribute to the process of world peace probably are those who have acquired the skills to understand the literal, implied, figurative, or cultura

41、l meanings of the words spoken in many different languages.Detailed reading1. According to the writer, what is the great function of intercultural understanding?The writer says, “World peace in the future depends on intercultural understanding.” In other words, intercultural understanding will play

42、a most important role in the promotion of world peace in the future.2. Who will probably be most able to help the process of world peace in the future? access n.entrance; way in; means of entering or the right to use or look at somethinge.g. The only means of access to the building is along a muddy

43、track.到达那幢楼的唯一途径是沿着那条泥泞的小路前行。到达那幢楼的唯一途径是沿着那条泥泞的小路前行。The system has been designed to give the user quick and easy access to the required information.Derivation:accessible a.Detailed readingcommunicate vi. share or exchange feelings, opinions, or information, etc.e.g. The Internet is the best means of

44、 communication among several partners at different locations.Derivation:communication n.Detailed readingcommunicative a.e.g.He is a shy boy who cant communicate very well.Derivation: remoteness n.e.g. They found the remoteness of the country a great problem.remote a. distant in space or timee.g. We

45、can see remote stars through a telescope.In the remote future, many new changes will take place.The Beatles carried Liverpools fame to the remotest corners of the earth.Detailed readingComparison:distant, far, remoteDetailed readinge.g. She could hear the distant sound of fireworks exploding.far des

46、cribe something that is not near, or the part of something that is most distant from the centre or from you e.g. The station isnt far we could easily walk it.remote describe an area, house or village that is a long way from any towns or cities e.g. He lived in a remote mountain village.distant very

47、far away esp. in distance1. 我们很难观察月亮的另一边。我们很难观察月亮的另一边。2. 邮车每周只到这个偏僻的村庄一次。邮车每周只到这个偏僻的村庄一次。3. 这个朝圣者来自非常远的地方。这个朝圣者来自非常远的地方。Translation:The far side of the moon is difficult for us to observe. _Mail comes to this remote village only once a week. _Detailed readingThis pilgrim came from a very distant pla

48、ce._mockingly ad. in a way in which sb. or sth. is made fun ofe.g. Andrienne raised her eyebrows mockingly “Whats wrong, my dear? Dont you understand?”The boy who was once referred to mockingly as a country boy is now the CEO of a joint venture.Detailed readingDetailed readingregardless of without t

49、aking account of or worrying aboute.g. I bought the book, regardless of the cost.尽管价钱挺高，我还是买了这本书。尽管价钱挺高，我还是买了这本书。The law requires equal treatment for all, regardless of race, religion or sex. Detailed readingfacilitate vt. help; make easy or easiere.g. The new underground railway will facilitate the

50、 journey to the airport.An interface is a window environment designed to facilitate the interaction between the user and the system. 界面是一个窗口环境，其设计是用来促进用户和系统之界面是一个窗口环境，其设计是用来促进用户和系统之间的交互作用。间的交互作用。Derivation:facilitation n.facilitative a.Detailed readingstepping stone any of a row of large stones with