book5unit1Reading[1]课文阅读.ppt

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1、What do you know about infectious diseases ?Pre-reading SARSWhat other infectious diseases do you know?For example: When you eat some food that is not freshYou may feelMaybe you have got _.Choleradraw a conclusionthink of a methodcollect resultsmake a questionfind a problemanalyse the resultsfind su

2、pporting evidencefind a problemmake a questionthink of a methodcollect resultsanalyse the resultsdraw a conclusionHow to prove a new idea in scientific research?find supporting evidenceJohn Snow defeats “King cholera”John Snow defeats “king cholera”What can you learn from the title?人物：人物：事件：事件：defea

3、ts cholera Who is John Snow?What happened to them? attended her as her personal physicianQueen VictoriaJohn Snow 约翰约翰.斯诺斯诺(1813 1858), 英国麻醉学家、英国麻醉学家、流行病专家。他首次提出了流行病专家。他首次提出了预防霍乱的措施。预防霍乱的措施。1854年年, 伦敦霍乱流行伦敦霍乱流行, 斯诺通过研究斯诺通过研究霍乱病死者的日常生活情况霍乱病死者的日常生活情况, 寻找到他们的共同行为模式寻找到他们的共同行为模式,发现了霍乱与饮用不洁水的发现了霍乱与饮用不洁水的关系

4、关系, 由于及时切断了二者由于及时切断了二者的联系的联系, 有效制止了霍乱的有效制止了霍乱的流行。流行。Four outbreaks of cholera in the 1830s and 1840s killed many people in England. In 1854, “the most terrible outbreak of cholera which ever occurred in the kingdom” began. It was so violent and sudden that 127 people died in the first three days.The

5、 terrible choleraBacteria/germs of cholera Name of illness cholera (霍乱霍乱) Symptom(症状症状)severe vomiting (呕吐呕吐) and diarrhoea (腹泻腹泻) Aftereffect (后果后果)die quickly from a loss of liquidWhat was the cause of this illness? How did John Snow find it out?1. The passage mainly tells us that _. the cause of

6、cholera was polluted water B. John Snow was a well-known doctor in LondonC. the source of all drinking water should be examinedD. How John Snow found the cause of the cholera and defeated it. D Skim the text and choose the main idea of the text. draw a conclusionfind a problemmake a questionthink of

7、 a methodcollect resultsanalyse the resultsrepeat if necessaryMatch themPara 1Para 2Para 3Para 4Para 5Para 6Para 7Prevention of CholeraJohn Snow began to test two theories.An outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854.He announced that the water carried the disease.John Snow marked the deaths on a map.

8、2147Carefulreading:King Cholera was defeated.He found that most of the deaths were near a water pump.He had the handle removed from the water pump.John Snow investigated two streets where the outbreak was very severe.3856What is the problem?The cholera was the most deadly disease of its day. Neither

9、 its cause, nor its cure was understood.What caused cholera?Para.1Make a question: Which theory to believe in? Cholera multiplied in the air without reason. A cloud of dangerous gas would float around until it found its victims.People absorbed it with their meals.Which one do you believe more?What a

10、bout John Snow?Para.2-3nJohn snow suspected that the second theory was correct.Para.4A map of Broad StreetWhat method did he use?Broad StreetMany deaths happened here.No death happened here.It seemed the water from the pump was to blame. What did he do next?Public house(Para 6) What was another supp

11、orting evidence?(Para 5) He looked into the source of the waterwhat is the result?John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.(Para 6) line41-44nDraw a conclusionJohn Snow was a well-known _ in London in the _ century. He wanted to find the _ of cholera in ord

12、er to _ it. In 1854 when a cholera _ out, he began to gather information.doctor19thcausedefeatbrokeHe _ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the _ died. So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He suggested that t

13、he _ of all water supply be _ and new methods of _ with polluted water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was defeated.markedpumpsourceexamineddealingWhat should we pay attention to in our daily life in order not to get infected with cholera? Heat the food left overnightCook raw food thoroughlyWash h

14、ands oftenKeep away from flieschoose fresh sea foodKeep the kitchen cleanDispose rubbish properly.Drink boiled waterDiscussion1. know about 了解有关了解有关的情况的情况know of 听说过听说过1)有些事我想了解一下。有些事我想了解一下。There is something I want to know about.2)我听说过那件事我听说过那件事, 但不很清楚。但不很清楚。I know of it, but I didnt know it well.L

15、anguage points2. conclude: v. 作结论作结论, 断定断定 The jury concluded that he was guilty. 陪审团认定他有罪。陪审团认定他有罪。 to conclude: 总而言之总而言之, 总之总之 To conclude, I want to thank you for your help. conclusion: n. 结论结论得出结论得出结论arrive atdraw/reach come toa conclusion1) 那些都是事实那些都是事实, 你能从中得出什么结论你能从中得出什么结论?Those are the facts

16、; what do you conclude from them?2) 我得出结论你在说谎。我得出结论你在说谎。I came to/drew/reached the conclusion that you were lying.3)根据这些事实根据这些事实, 我们能对金字塔是如何我们能对金字塔是如何建成的得出一些结论。建成的得出一些结论。From these facts, we can draw some conclusions about how the pyramids were built.击败击败, 战胜战胜使困惑使困惑win/beat/defeat win “赢得赢得, 获胜获胜”,

17、 后接奖品后接奖品, 奖金奖金, 名誉名誉, 财产财产beat “击败击败, 战胜战胜”, 后接竞争队伍或者对手后接竞争队伍或者对手, 敌人敌人defeat “击败，战胜击败，战胜”, 后接竞争队伍或者后接竞争队伍或者对手对手, 敌人敌人, (此用法同此用法同beat), 疾病等。疾病等。1) Mary _ the first place in the competition.2) Our school _ their school at football.3) I _ John at chess yesterday.wonbeat/defeatedbeat/defeated4. John S

18、now was a famous doctor in London-so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.约翰约翰. .斯诺曾经是一位著名的医生斯诺曾经是一位著名的医生-他的确他的确医术精湛医术精湛, ,因而成了维多利亚女王的私人大夫。因而成了维多利亚女王的私人大夫。1) expert n. 专家专家; 高手高手; 权威权威an agricultural expert 农业专家农业专家an expert with the computer 电脑高手电脑高手expert 也可以作形

19、容词也可以作形容词, “熟练的熟练的; 老练的老练的;经验经验(或知识或知识)丰富的丰富的”an expert rider 熟练的骑手熟练的骑手 an expert opinion 内行的意见内行的意见 照看照看, 照料照料 如如:医生照看病人。医生照看病人。The doctor attended (on/upon) the patients. 出席，到场出席，到场 如如:attend school 上学上学attend a lecture 听讲座听讲座attend church 去教堂去教堂attend (at) a wedding 出席婚礼出席婚礼2) attend v. 注意注意, 留意

20、留意 如如:Well attend to the solution of that problem later. attend to 处理处理, 办理办理 我有许多事情要处理。我有许多事情要处理。 照顾照顾, 照料照料先生先生, 有人接待你吗？有人接待你吗？Are you being attended to ?If you go out, Ill attend to the baby. 专心专心, 注意注意If you dont attend to the teacher, youll never learn anything.attendance n. 照顾照顾, 出席出席I have so

21、me important things to attend to.5. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.exposed to cholera 在句子中是过去分词用作在句子中是过去分词用作后置定语后置定语, 表示被动表示被动, 意为意为 “患霍乱的患霍乱的”。如。如:The book written by LuXun is very popular. 鲁迅写的书是很受欢迎的。鲁迅写的书是很受欢迎的。昨天我们看见的那个人是史密斯先生。昨天我们看见的那个人是

22、史密斯先生。The man seen by us yesterday is Professor Smith.发散思维：发散思维：exposed adj. 暴露的暴露的, 暴露于风雨中的暴露于风雨中的, 无无掩蔽的掩蔽的 exposedness n. 暴露暴露, 显露显露开放思维开放思维: expose to 使暴露，揭穿使暴露，揭穿expose sth to the light of day把某事暴露于光天化日之下把某事暴露于光天化日之下expose a fraud 揭穿骗局揭穿骗局1) Miles of sand are exposed at low tide.2) The people o

23、f some Asian countries were exposed to the tsunami in 2004.3) He exposed the crime to the police.4) He exposed the plan to the newspaper.to uncoverto make sufferto make knownto make known 5) The wolf opened its mouth to _ a row of sharp teeth.6) Dont _ your skin to the sun or your skin will be hurt.

24、exposeexpose7. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.every time 在这里是连词在这里是连词, 引导时间状引导时间状语从句语从句, 意为意为“每次每次, 每当每当”。e.g. Every time I meet him, I always think of the things happened between us.每次见到他每次见到他, 我就想起发生在我们之间的我就想起发生在我们之间的事情。事情。注意注意: immediately, the moment,

25、 directly, instantly 等与等与 every time一样一样, 都可以都可以用作连词引导时间状语从句用作连词引导时间状语从句, 意为意为 “一一就就”。如：。如：I will give the letter to him immediately I see him.我一见到他就把这封信给他。我一见到他就把这封信给他。I came directly I got your letter.我一接到你的信就来了。我一接到你的信就来了。8. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies

26、 with their meals.absorbinto 吸收吸收 如：如：e.g. The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization. 这家大公司逐渐将这些小的公司吞并了。这家大公司逐渐将这些小的公司吞并了。absorb v. (1) 吸收吸收(液体液体)Water absorbs oxygen.(2) The clever boy absorbed all the knowledge his teacher could give him.(3) The book ab

27、sorbed his attention.(4) The surrounding small towns have been absorbed into the city.理解理解, 接受接受吸引吸引 (注意力注意力, 兴趣等兴趣等)使并入使并入, 吞并吞并be absorbed in 被被吸引吸引; 专心于专心于; 全神贯注于某事如全神贯注于某事如:He is absorbed in his book.The little girl was absorbed in reading a tale. suggest 经常有经常有“建议建议”的意思的意思, 但在这个句子但在这个句子里的意思是里的意

28、思是“暗示间接表明暗示间接表明”。如：。如：The disorganized meeting suggested bad preparation.混乱的会场表明准备工作很差。混乱的会场表明准备工作很差。suggest 还有还有“建议建议”的意思的意思, 在后文中有体现在后文中有体现:“To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.” 为防止这种情况再度为防止这种情况再度发生发生, I suggested that he

29、 should give up smoking.我建议他戒烟。我建议他戒烟。The chairman suggested the meeting be put off until next week. 主席建议会议延迟到下周举行。主席建议会议延迟到下周举行。suggest 后面还可以接后面还可以接-ing形式或名词。如：形式或名词。如：She suggested a picnic at the weekend.她提议周末去野餐。她提议周末去野餐。Kane suggested leaving early for the airport. 凯恩提议早些出发去机场。凯恩提议早些出发去机场。他发现在两

30、条街道上霍乱流行得特别厉害他发现在两条街道上霍乱流行得特别厉害,在十天之内就死去了五百多人。在十天之内就死去了五百多人。9. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people had died in 10 days.severe adj. (1) unsparing or harsh, as in treatment of others; strict 严厉的严厉的; 苛刻的苛刻的; 严格的严格的. 如如:The severe trainer has gone abro

31、ad. You can breathe freely again.(2) causing sharp discomfort or distress; extremely violent or intense; very serious. 剧痛的剧痛的, 剧烈的剧烈的, 严重的严重的, 难熬的难熬的 如如:a severe attack of toothache.要求苛严的教官已经出国要求苛严的教官已经出国, 你可以完全放心。你可以完全放心。牙痛的剧烈发作。牙痛的剧烈发作。这张地图提供了一条说明霍乱起因这张地图提供了一条说明霍乱起因的很有价值的线索。的很有价值的线索。10. This gave

32、him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.valuable(1) adj. worth a lot of money 值钱的值钱的, 贵重的贵重的 如：如：The watch is valuable. 这表很值钱。这表很值钱。a valuable diamond. 贵重的钻石。贵重的钻石。(2) adj. having great usefulness or value 如如:valuable information(3)n. (常用复数形式常用复数形式)sth that worth a lot of money 如如:Cathy k

33、ept her valuables in a safe.重大的消息重大的消息凯西把她的贵重物品藏在保险箱里。凯西把她的贵重物品藏在保险箱里。泵泵 (油泵油泵; 气泵气泵), 抽水机抽水机, 打气筒打气筒11. pump12. It seemed that the water was to blame. 看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮水了。看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮水了。be+动词不定式动词不定式, 可以表示该做或不该做的可以表示该做或不该做的事情事情, 相当于相当于must, should, ought to 等。如：等。如：No one is to leave this building witho

34、ut the permission of the police.没有警察的允许谁也不准离开这栋楼。没有警察的允许谁也不准离开这栋楼。You are not to drop litter in the park.公园里不允许乱丢纸屑。公园里不允许乱丢纸屑。受到责备受到责备, 主动表被动主动表被动13. Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets.其次，约翰其次，约翰.斯诺调查了这两条街的水源。斯诺调查了这两条街的水源。look into 往往里面看里面看; to investigate 检查检

35、查; 了解。了解。 如：如：Well look into this matter together.我们将一起调查这个问题。我们将一起调查这个问题。开放思维：开放思维：look on 观看观看, 面向面向, 旁观旁观, 看待看待look out 面朝面朝, 留神留神, 照料照料look over 从上面看从上面看, 察看察看, 检查检查look around 环顾环顾, 观光观光, 察看察看look through 看穿看穿, 审核审核, 浏览浏览, 温习温习look up and down 仔细打量仔细打量, 到处寻找到处寻找look after 寻求寻求, 照顾照顾, 关心关心14. ha

36、ndle n. 柄柄, 把手把手A. 操作操作; 运用运用 B. 经销经销; 买卖买卖 C. 管理管理 D. 对待对待 E. 应付应付 F. 控制控制; 管理管理Handle v.Choose the correct explanations.1) Ms Hawkins, the chief accountant of the company handles the companys accounts.2) The children are so naughty that I cant handle them.3) She handled a difficult argument skillf

37、ully.CFE4) Handle children kindly, if you want them to trust you.5) This shop handles paper and stationery.6) He learnt how to handle the axe.DBAlinkto. 把把与与连接连接; 联系联系 如：如：Fingerprints linked the suspect to the crime.指纹证实了嫌疑犯的犯罪事实。指纹证实了嫌疑犯的犯罪事实。be linked to 连接连接 如：如：The two towns are linked by a rai

38、lway.15. In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.在伦敦的另一个地区在伦敦的另一个地区, 他从两个与他从两个与Broad Street爆发的霍乱有关联的死亡病例中又发现了爆发的霍乱有关联的死亡病例中又发现了有力证据。有力证据。16. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that pollu

39、ted water carried the virus.announce v. to make known publicly 如：如：The captain announced that the plane was going to land.有了这个证据有了这个证据, 约翰约翰.斯诺就能够肯定地宣布斯诺就能够肯定地宣布, 这种被污染的水携带病毒。这种被污染的水携带病毒。机长宣布飞机就要着陆了。机长宣布飞机就要着陆了。announce sth. (to sb.)announce that + 从句从句It is / was announced that + 从句从句 据宣传据宣传1) - Wh

40、o instructs your class in history? - Mr Black. He is our instructor.2) She instructed me in the use of this telephone.3) Ive been instructed to wait here until the lecturer arrives.v. (to teach; to order)17. instructn. detailed directions on procedure; an order; teachinginstruction1. Dont _ (暴露暴露) y

41、our skin to the sun for too long.2. _ you _ (既不既不也不也不) he is right.3. _ (每当每当)I meet him, I always think of the things having happened between us.4. _ (好像好像) she was lying.5. Who is _ (责备责备) for the mistake?6. It _ (暗示暗示) that it was going to rain.7. I suggested that he _ (戒烟戒烟) smoking.exposeNeither nor Every timeIt seemed thatto blame(should) give upsuggestedFill in the blanks. Surf the internet to find out more information about John Snow and cholera.2. Do Exercise 3, 4 on P3.Homework结束结束