Unit 1 thinking as a hobby.ppt

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1、Unit 1 thinking as a hobby Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more. individuals above the crowd: a little bit more. -author -author -date-datePart One: Lead-in Part Two: About the A

2、uthorPart Three: Language StudyPart Four: Text AppreciationPart Five: ExtensionCONTENTSPart I Lead-inPart I Lead-in Picture Description Discussion and Quotations on Thinking Please describe the following pictures in detail Please describe the following pictures in detail and depict their symbolic me

3、aning in your own and depict their symbolic meaning in your own words.words. Picture DescriptionDiscussion about thinking1. Well-known classification: Affective thinking Rational thinking2. Explanation of thinking from the text proper Grade-three thinking Grade-two thinking Grade-one thinking I thin

4、k so, because they all say so!Its not true. What you said is self-contradictory.Look! I dont care what everybody says. Here is the truth.Which grade of thinker will say the below? Grade-threeGrade-twoGrade-onenatureproportion behaviorconsequenceSummaryGrade-threeGrade-twoGrade-onenatureprejudiced,ig

5、norant,hypocriticalmocking,satirical,cynicalmoral,logical,truth-seekingproportion 9/10fewerfewestbehaviorstampede,group togetherwithdraw,lag behindstick to truth,dare to loseconsequencedangerousdestructiveconstructive & creativeSummary of the three levels of thinking “Intelligence is something we ar

6、e born with. Thinking is a skill that must be learned.” Edward de Bono“I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.” SocratesQuotations on Thinking“Nurture your mind with great thoughts.” Benjamin Disraeli“What is the hardest task in the world? To think.” Ralph Waldo Emerson“We think

7、 too small. Like the frog at the bottom of the well. He thinks the sky is only as big as the top of the well. If he surfaced, he would have an entirely different view.” Mao Zedong “Learning without thought is labor lost. ConfuciusPart II About the Part II About the A AuthoruthorWilliam Golding191119

8、932. winner of 1983 Nobel Prize in literature 1. a British novelist and poet 3. masterpiece: Lord of the Flies (蝇王）（蝇王）（1954）5. going to Oxford University (Brasenose College) in 1930, studying natural sciences and English language, later changing into literature4. the features of Goldings novel: the

9、 intrinsic cruelty of man 6. having received a knighthood from Queen Elizabeth II in 1988Part IIIPart III Language Study Language Study acquaintancen. a. (CN) a person whom one knows b. (UN) knowledge or information about sth. or someoneacquaintanceship n.acquaint v. (with)to come to know personally

10、; to make familiar; to inform;Examples:She has become merely a nodding acquaintance.Few of my acquaintances like kiwi.The guide has some acquaintance with Italian.He has a wide acquaintanceship among all sorts of people.点头之交点头之交认识的人认识的人懂一点意大利语懂一点意大利语交往甚广交往甚广Translation Examples:l Let me acquaint you

11、 with my family.l You must acquaint yourself with your new duties.l Please acquaint us with your plans.be (become, get) acquainted with I am already acquainted with the facts.make sb.s acquaintance (make the acquaintance of sb.) So pleased to have made your acquaintance.结识某人结识某人anguish v. (vi.) to f

12、eel or suffer anguish n. agonizing physical or mental pain anguished a.suffering, agony, distress, grief, misery, pain, sorrow, tormentSynonymsbulge v. to curve outward; to swell up; to stick out n. a. a protruding part; an outward curve or swelling b. a sudden, usually temporary increase in number

13、or quantityExamples: His pocket was bulging with sweets. The baby boom created a bulge in school enrollment.Examples:She was in anguish over her missing child.anguished criesconfer a. to bestow (e.g. an honor) 授予授予 b. (vi.) to meet in order to deliberate together or compare views 协商协商Examples: The g

14、overnment conferred a medal on the hero.Diplomas were conferred on members of graduating class.The engineers and technicians are still conferring on the unexpected accident.confer sth. on sb. (授予）授予）confer with sb. on /about sth.awardSynonymaward sth. to sb.award sb. sth.contemplatev. a. to look at

15、attentively and thoughtfully b. to consider carefully and at length; c. to have in mind as an intention or possibilitySynonymsconsiderpondermeditatedeliberatebrood overExamples:She stood contemplating her figure in the mirror.The young surgeon contemplated the difficult operation of kidney transplan

16、t.She is contemplating a trip to Europe, but she hasnt planned it yet. Word formationa. contemptible 可鄙的，卑劣的可鄙的，卑劣的 contemptuous 藐视的，傲慢的，轻视的藐视的，傲慢的，轻视的 n. scorn; a feeling that sb. or sth. is not important and does not deserve any respect contemptHe was utterly contemptuous of her efforts.他完全蔑视她的努力。

17、他完全蔑视她的努力。Evasion of ones duty is contemptible.逃避职责乃可鄙之事。逃避职责乃可鄙之事。Example: I feel nothing but contempt for such dishonest behavior.exaltv. a. to raise in rank, character, or status b. to glorify, praise, or honorexalted a. excited; noble; exaggeratedBTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby Sentence Paraphr

18、ase Writing Device Further Understanding 1. Theme2. Structure3. More Questions Part Part VI Text AppreciationVI Text Appreciation BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby I was not integrated, I was, if anything, disintegrated. (Para. 4)Forming a part of a harmonious groupThe direct opposite of “integrated”

19、, and therefore means some kind of trouble maker. This is not the the way the word is normally used.on the contraryBTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby The muscular gentleman contemplated the hindquarters of the leopard in endless gloom. (Para. 9)To think for a long time in order to understand better in

20、 a gloomy mannerThe author expressed the boys viewing of the image of Thinker in a humorous way to show that the thinking doesnt make any sense to him.BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby The teachers glasses caught the light and therefore the boy could not see the teachers eyes. He could not have any e

21、ye contact. He could have any communication with him. The implied meaning of this sentence is that they could not communicate, not because of this but because of the teachers lack of understanding of the boy.His spectacles caught the light so that you could see nothing human behind them. There was n

22、o possibility of communication. (Para. 9)To have the light shine on it brightly and suddenlyBTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby Question: How are the three statuettes described by the boy? Scan the text and list out the related information.VenusLeopardRodins Thinkernaked with nothing but a bath towel;

23、no arms; in an unfortunate positioncrouching; nakednaked, muscular, who sat, looking down; his chin on his fist and elbow on his kneefrozen in panic, worrying about the towelbusying being beautifulready to spring down at the top drawer from the cupboardutterly miserable; contemplate the hindquarters

24、 of the leopard in endless gloombusy being naturalnot miserable, an image of pure thoughtBTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby On one occasion he headmaster leaped to his feet, reached up and put Rodins masterpiece on the desk before me. (Para. 13)to jump upto move a hand or arm upward in order to touch,

25、 hold, or pick up sth. Three parallel verb phrases are used to describe the sequence of his actions.More examples to ones feetBTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby to leap to ones feetto rise to ones feetto struggle to ones feetto stagger to ones feetto help sb. to ones feetto pull sb. to his feet一跃而起一跃而

26、起站起身来站起身来挣扎着站起来挣扎着站起来蹒跚而立蹒跚而立扶某人站起来扶某人站起来把某人拉起来把某人拉起来BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby Nature had endowed the rest of the human race with a sixth sense and left me out. (Para. 15)A keen intuitive (直觉的) power. Here the author means the ability to think.To provide sb. with a natural quality or talentEv

27、erybody, except me, are born with the ability to think.BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby Note the humorous effect achieved through the use of the exaggeration and formal style.The fresh air had to struggle with difficulty to find its way to his chest because he was unaccustomed to this.He would stagg

28、er or be thrown off balanceUnable to do anything for the rest of the morningV-ed and V-ing as object complementYou could hear the wind, trapped in his chest and struggling with all the unnatural impediments. His body would reel with shock and his face go white at the unaccustomed visitation. He woul

29、d stagger back to his desk and collapse there, useless for the rest of the morning. (Para. 19)BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. You could hear the wind, trapped in his chest and struggling with all the unnatural impediment

30、s. His body would reel with shock and his face go white at the unaccustomed visitation. He would stagger back to his desk and collapse there, useless for the rest of the morning. (Para. 19)Hyperbole （夸张）（夸张）BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby Mr. Houghton was given to high-minded monologues about the g

31、ood life, sexless and full of duty. (Para. 20)To be habitually inclined to do (sth.): e.g. He is much given to blowing his own trumpet. She was given to hasty decision.a highly moral speechObviously in Mr. Houghtons clean life, there is no place for alcoholic drink, sex, and other worldly pleasures.

32、 This is, of course, ironical.BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby The author is ridiculing the contradiction between his high moral tone and the working of his genes which compels him to turn his head toward young girls.Yet in the middle of these monologues, if a girl passed the window, his neck would

33、turn of itself and he would watch her out of sight. In this instance, he seemed to me ruled not by thought but by an invisible and irresistible spring in his neck. (Para. 20)To turn by itself; to turn on its ownParallel structure of two prepositional phrases to show the contrastMetaphor: his sexual

34、impulseBTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby Metaphor （暗喻）（暗喻）It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. He seems to me ruled not by thought but by an invisible and irresistible spring in his neck. (Para. 2

35、0) It took the swimmer some distance from the shore and left him there, out of his depth. (Para. 29)BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby Metonymy （转喻）（转喻）In metonymy, an idea is evoked or named by means of term designating some associated notion. “It” stands for “thought” in grammar, but actually refers

36、 to Mr. Houghton, and it is vulgar to refer to a girl as a skirt.It will lecture on disinterested purity while its neck is being remorselessly twisted toward a skirt. (Para. 23)Mr. HoughtonMore examples girlsBTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby Technically, it is about as proficient as most businessmens

37、 golf, as honest as most politicians intentions, or as coherent as most books that get written. (Para. 23)orderly, logical, and consistent relation of partsThis ironical sentence shows that the author not only considers those people incompetent, dishonest and incoherent, but also despises most busin

38、essmen, distrust most politicians and dislikes most publications.BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby Irony （反语）（反语）Irony is the expression of ones meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect. Technically, it is about as proficient as most bu

39、sinessmens golf, as honest as most politicians intentions, or as coherent as most books that get written. (Para. 23) Mr. Houghton was given to high-minded monologues about the good life, sexless and full of duty. (Para. 20)BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby I no longer consider the way grade-three thi

40、nkers think unimportant because they account for nine-tenths of the people and therefore have great power. Now I know that ignorance, prejudice and hypocrisy are very powerful enemies.I no longer dismiss lightly a mental process. (Para. 24)BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby The author thinks that it i

41、s probably human nature to enjoy agreement because it seems to bring peace, security, comfort and harmony.A crowd of grade-thinkers, all shouting the same thing, all warming their hand at the fire of their own prejudices Man enjoys agreement as cows will graze all the same way on the side of a hill.

42、 (Para. 24)all feeling very content and happy because they share the same prejudicesSimile: enjoy the peaceful, safe and harmonious environment BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby Simile （明喻）（明喻）It makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common. T

43、o make the comparison, words like “as”, “as. as”, “as if” and “like” are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. Man enjoys agreement as cows will graze all the same way on the side of a hill. (Para. 24) They all came tumbling down like so many rotten apples off a tree. (Par

44、a. 31) BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby Grade-two thinkers do not stampede easily, though often they fall into the other fault and lag behind. Grade-two thinking is a withdrawal, with eyes and ears open. It destroys without having the power to create. (Para. 25)to get easily frightened and run with

45、the crowdto go to the other extreme, that is to act too slowly and lag behinddetachment: (冷漠) as from social or emotional involvement; refusing to be part of the crowd.BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby too much attention or excitement to unimportant thingsto replacepay, rewardIt made me watch people

46、shouting in joy and support of the King and wonder what this senseless excitement was all about although I did not have anything good to replace this exciting or intoxicating patriotism. But I did get something out of it.object complementIt set me watching the crowds cheering His Majesty the King an

47、d asking myself what all the fuss was about, without giving me anything positive to put in the place of that heady patriotism. But there were compensations. (Para.25)BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby She claimed that the Bible was literally inspired. I countered by saying that the Catholics believed

48、in the literal inspiration of Saint Jeromes Vulgate and the two books were different. Argument flagged. (Para. 26)A true historical recordThe Latin translation of the Bible, used in a revised form as the Roman Catholic authorized versionto become dull“Both Methodists and Catholics believed that thei

49、r Books are a true record of the Gods divine plan.” The author used this example to defy Ruths illogical opinion, therefore the argument became dull because Ruth didnt know how to respond to it. BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby That was too easy, said I restively since there were more Roman Catholic

50、s than Methodists anyway; (Para. 27)restlessly, difficult to control ones emotionHere, the author pointed out Ruths logical error. The number of people who hold a view is no proof of its validity.BTLEWLesson 1Thinking as a Hobby Note the authors description of the contrasting combination of his inti