(十四)-易错、易漏点总结.doc

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1、Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date(十四)-易错、易漏点总结(十四) 易错、易漏点总结1(十四) 易错、易漏点总结说明: 本模块仅针对近年来出现在选择题板块的语法知识易错、易漏点，其他未出现的语法知识点则未列在其中，敬请注意!v易错 易漏点归纳、例题一、形容词 副词的比较级、最高级及基本用法1. 特别注意倍数关系的表达方法:说明: 其中倍数 / 分数词也可为half, twice, three tim

2、es等，同级比较时则可省去例题1) I would have paid _ for the dress if the sales girl had insisted, because I really wanted it.A. as much twiceB. twice as muchC. twice more thanD. more than twice2) Smoking is so harmful to health that it kills _ people each year as automobile accidents.A. as seven times manyB. seve

3、n times as manyC. as many as seven timesD. seven times as3) At a rough estimate, Nigeria is _ Great Britain.A. three times the size asB. the size three times ofC. three times as the size ofD. three times the size of4) Paper produces every year is _ the worlds production of vehicles.A. as three times

4、 heavy asB. the three times weight ofC. three times heavier thanD. as heavy as three times5) During the promotion, all the second-hand computers were sold at a price _ before.A. 30% as lower asB. as 30% low asC. lower 30% thanD. 30% lower than2. 特别注意复合形容词的表达方法:three-year-old boys, mans four-legged f

5、riend, etc.特别注意 -ed型及 -ing型形容词的不同之处:前者用于描述人的感受，后者用于修饰引发该感受的人或事；或说，前者通常带有被动或完成意义，后者则通常带有主动意义，如boiling water (沸腾的水) boiled water (煮开了的水)a pleasing voice (悦耳的嗓音) a pleased look (满意的表情)例题1) The three judges in Chinas Got Talent were moved to tears by the _ story of the young couple.A. touchB. touchingC.

6、 touchedD. being touched2) Wen Jiabao, Premier of the RPC, tends to comfort _ victims on the spot as soon as he can.A. disasters-strickenB. disaster-strickenC. disasters strickenD. disaster stricken3) Every day the dustmen collect as many as _ from the river.A. ten tons garbageB. ten-ton-garbagesC.

7、ten tons garbageD. ten tons garbages24) Many students signed up for the _ race in the sports meeting to be held next week.A. 800-metre-longB. 800-metres-longC. 800 metre lengthD. 800 metres length5) It is believed that if a book is _, it will surely _ the reader.A. interestedinterestB. interestingbe

8、 interestedC. interestedbe interestingD. interestinginterest3. 特别注意so / such的结构:such修饰名词(直接置于名词词组前，如a nice girl such a nice girl)，so修饰形容词或副词(故其后直接跟形容词或副词)，such / so结构类似于what / how的固定结构；当such修饰可数名词单数时可将其与so结构互换；若such修饰不可数名词或可数名词复数时则无法互换；当many, few, little, much表“多少”修饰名词时只能用so；若little不表多少，且修饰可数名词单数时只能

9、用such特别注意the more , the more 结构:其中形容词、副词根据其对应的比较级形式替换“the more”，结构中常伴有省略或倒装特别注意too much与much too的区别:too much + n. U 而much too + a. 谨记“什么结尾接什么”，如too一般修饰形容词，故词组以too结尾后接形容词注意too to 的结构常带有否定含义，注意其搭配:too nice a man to be true例题1) Leukemia (白血病) is _ disease that the very mention of it strikes terror into

10、 our heart.A. a so dreadfulB. so dreadful aC. such dreadfulD. a such dreadful2) Generally speaking, the harder your work is, _.A. the less youll have free timeB. youll have less free timeC. the less free time will you haveD. the less free time youll have3) The more skill a man has, _.A. the more he

11、has opportunities for jobsB. the more opportunities he has for jobsC. the more opportunities does he haveD. the many more opportunities has he4) We were in _ when we left that we forgot the airline tickets.A. a rush so anxiousB. a such anxious rushC. so anxious a rushD. such anxious a rush5) Its hig

12、h time you had your hair cut; its getting _.A. too much longB. much too longC. long too muchD. too long much6) The London Philharmonic Orchestra is going to play a Mozart symphony at the Shanghai Grand Theatre next month, which is _ to miss.A. a too nice chanceB. too nice a chanceC. too nice chanceD

13、. too a nice chance4. 特别关注比较级、最高级词组的深层含义，如He is the last one I want to meet. = I dont want to meet him.I have never seen a higher building. = This is the highest building I have ever seen.He is taller than any other student. = He is the tallest student.3例题1) The teachers are so boring. I have never

14、attended a _ tutorial center before.A. badB. worstC. worseD. better2) Did you enjoy your journey to Hainan? Yes. I have never been to a _ place before.A. beautifulB. most beautifulC. more beautifulD. less beautiful3) Of all the times Id ever talked with him, this was _ conversation wed ever had.A. t

15、he strangestB. the strangerC. a strangerD. a strange4) Of the two sisters, Alice is _ one, and she is also the one who loves to be quiet.A. a youngerB. a youngestC. the youngerD. the youngest5) Of the two phones, Id choose _ one to spare some money for books.A. the most expensiveB. the more expensiv

16、eC. the least expensiveD. the less expensive5. 特别注意常见的as as 词组，如as long as, as far as, as soon as特别注意形式相近的词组，如more than , more than, no more than, not more than能根据题意选择合适的比较级或最高级例题1) After supper she would sit down by the fire, sometimes for _ an hour, thinking of her young and happy days.A. as long

17、asB. as soon asC. as much asD. as many as2) A typhoon swept across this area with heavy rains and winds _ strong as 113 miles per hour.A. tooB. veryC. soD. as3) In my view, Londons not as expensive in price as Tokyo but Tokyo is _ in traffic.A. the most organizedB. more organizedC. so organized asD.

18、 as organized as4) Alan is a careful driver, but he drives _ of my friends.A. more carefullyB. the most carefullyC. less carefullyD. the least carefully5) Some think you can relieve stress by throwing plates against a wall _ you can because of worst financial crisis.A. as harder asB. as hard asC. as

19、 much as hardD. as hard so二、介词6. 重点掌握常见的介词用法及固定搭配，如at the end of, within / beyond重点区分如between与among等词之间的区别注意从句中介词的搭配，如to some extentI dont have a pen to write with.例题1) Some people always take the risk of crossing the street _ moving vehicles.4A. amongB. inC. alongD. between2) It is useful to be abl

20、e to predict the extent _ which price changes will affect supply and demand.A. fromB. withC. forD. to3) There was an accident _ the crossroads at midnight last night.A. inB. onC. atD. by4) Many households in my neighborhood hire housemaids, who are paid _ the hour.A. toB. forC. byD. over5) People of

21、ten hurry the child _ his natural learning speed but this can set up dangerous feeling of failure and great worry in the child.A. beyondB. fromC. inD. by6) We talked _ a cup of tea.A. withB. byC. overD. at7) It saves much time and raises efficiency in class to have what you use a lot _ easy reach.A.

22、 nearB. uponC. withinD. around8) A newly designed robot can show the customers _ the exhibition hall and say farewells at the end of the tour.A. aroundB. aboutC. intoD. at9) The small shopkeeper was busy from dawn _ dust but he was always well organized.A. atB. onC. tillD. in10) An international con

23、ference _ community service is going to be held next month.A. atB. inC. forD. on7. 重点掌握常见的含介词的动词词组搭配，如congratulate sb. on, shake hands with, provide sb. with sth., provide sth. for sb.accuse / assure / convince / cure / inform / relieve / remind / rob / warn sb. of sth.,blame sb. for sth., blame sth

24、. on sb.例题1) What I am convinced _ is that the worlds population will grow to an unforeseen extent.A. forB. inC. withD. of2) It was not until the second year that he adapted himself _ the college life.A. inB. toC. atD. on3) Washington, the capital of the United States, is named _ a former president

25、in American history.A. ofB. afterC. toD. as8. 除需掌握常见的介词搭配外，介词试题还需特别审题，以免直接根据固定搭配作出判断忽略句子成分，大意失荆州，如Leaves are found on all kinds of trees, but they differ greatly in size and shape.此处若根据搭配differ from选择from则忽略了in size and shape此处作状语例题1) The Internet is growing rapidly because it provides fast access _

26、 news and a chance to comment on it.5A. forB. ofC. toD. with2) What is the difference _ pronunciation between these two words?A. fromB. inC. ofD. by3) A new study shows anger may help people reduce the negative impacts _ stress and help you become healthier.A. inB. ofC. onD. at4) We should prevent p

27、ollution _ happily.A. to liveB. for livingC. from livingD. living9. 许多动词、名词、形容词后常可跟许多不同的介词(或副词)表示不同的含义，或根据介词宾语的不同调整介词，也需关注常见的可跟不同介词(或副词)的动词包括agree, break, call, come, get, give, go, keep, look, make, put, set, take等，常见的可跟不同介词的形容词包括be famous for / to / as , sth. be familiar to sb. sb. be familiar wit

28、h sth. 等例题1) Barcelona is famous, among other things, _ its outstanding architecture.A. asB. forC. ofD. to2) How can we make it _ to them for all the worry weve caused them?A. offB. forC. outD. up3) With the economic crisis _ hand, and the unemployment rate on the rise, career planning will definite

29、ly benefit you.A. inB. onC. byD. at三、代词10. 能根据句意区分意思相近的代词，如both, all, either, neither, every, each, any, no one表示“全体”可用all和both，但all指三个或以上的人或物，both指两个人或物表示“全体都不”的意思，当指三个或以上的人或物通常用none，间或也可用no one，但no one只能指人，若表示两个人或物则通常用neither表示全体中的“每个”，若该“全体”含三个或以上的人或物，通常用every，若该“全体”含两个或以上的人或物，通常用each；every与each区

30、别还在于every指“每个”，侧重于“全体”，近乎all的含义，而each则指“各个”，侧重于“个别”表示全体中的“任何一个”，若该“全体”含三个或以上，通常用any，若该“全体”只包含两个，通常用either；特殊地，在on either side, on either end等词组中either可兼指两个又如the other(s), other(s)带 -s的词(指others / the others)为代词，不带 -s的可修饰名词；the other指的是一定范围内除去一部分后的全体，other指的是除去一部分的另一部分，但不是全体例题1) Shanghai is really a

31、fascinating city and weve decided to stay for _ two weeks.A. anotherB. otherC. the otherD. others2) No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of _.6A. othersB. the otherC. eitherD. another3) I made so many changes in my composition that only I could read it.

32、To _ else, it was hard to make out.A. noneB. everyoneC. someoneD. anyone4) Do you want tea or coffee? _. I really dont mind.A. NoneB. NeitherC. EitherD. All5) Wow! Youve got so many clothes. But _ of them are in fashion now.A. allB. bothC. neitherD. none11. 反身代词、物主代词、人称代词等也是高考的一个重点反身代词常与dress, seat,

33、 buy, find, enjoy, behave, stretch, express, help等搭配另一考点在于宾格、属格的选择问题上，常见于动名词，如I dont mind John / Johns / him / his buying another one.They caught him cheating on the exam.They caught his cheating on the exam.His coming late made me angry.Him / He coming late made me angry.例题1) Who called me this mor

34、ning when I was out? A man calling _ Robert.A. himB. himselfC. hisD. /2) Victor apologized for _ to inform me of the change in the plan.A. his being not ableB. him not to be ableC. his not being ableD. him to be not able3) The teachers asked their children to behave _ when they were in class.A. them

35、B. theyC. themselvesD. their四、反意疑问句、并列句、感叹句12. 反意疑问句是高考间或出现的一个语法项，需特别注意:反意疑问句陈述部分出现如never, seldom, hardly的词否定前移问题缩略式s (或d)的含义问题祈使句的反意疑问句反意疑问句的简短问句中的代词问题“看主不看从”，并列句就近原则lets与let us能根据句意判断并列句所用词，注意诸如furthermore, however等词非连词在判断使用谓语动词还是非谓语动词时，注意句子中的and, or等词是否存在，句子是否为祈使句感叹句结构类似于so / such结构7例题1) You and

36、I can hardly work together, _?A. could youB. couldnt IC. couldnt weD. could we2) That they failed to collect enough money for the project discouraged the manager, _?A. did theyB. did itC. didnt theyD. didnt it3) The photography exhibition was a great success in the United States, _ the organizers ha

37、ve decided to take it to the UK.A. butB. althoughC. forD. so4) _ several times, but Mary still has no idea of how to do it properly.A. Being shownB. Having shownC. Having been shownD. Ive shown her5) _ to dive into water from high board!A. What a fun it isB. How funny it isC. How fun it isD. What fu

38、n it is6) There must have been something wrong with him, _ he had never lost his way in a big city.A. forB. andC. butD. or7) The boys have been playing computers for a long time, and they should have stopped doing it, because they will have to prepare for the exam tomorrow, _ they?A. haveB. shouldnt

39、C. wontD. didnt五、动词的时态、语态 非谓语动词13. 当句子结构、成分复杂时，许多学生很难分清哪里该填谓语动词、非谓语动词，若单凭句意解题很容易导致错选，此时“结构最大(Structure First Principle)”原理就能派上大用场了，“结构最大”指的是一般情况下，一句句子中只允许有一个谓语动词；若要添加一个谓语动词，则需加入一个连词；若不增加连词，则需将谓语动词转变为非谓语动词；一般情况下，将句中所省略的连词全部补全，若有连词个，则从句有个，谓语动词有个非一般情况: 谓语动词n联动，如During the holiday, we visited the scenic

40、 spots, discovered the forest, enjoyed the traditional food and had a spa experience in the village.例题1) To balance a budget is to show that the sum of a mans earnings _ the sum of his expenditures.A. equalsB. equalC. equaledD. equaling2) _ several times, but Mary still has no idea of how to do it p

41、roperly.A. Being shownB. Having shownC. Having been shownD. Ive shown her3) The kind of books an author writes _ on the kind of man who he is.A. dependingB. dependC. dependedD. depends14. 谓语动词(词组)的时态、语态需注意:根据上下文情况(包括对话语气、内容以及last year等的时态提示词)设定基准时态(过去、现在、将来)，判断空格动作与已知动作的时态先后关系；熟记一些常见短语时态搭配关系(如when引导

42、的时间状语从句等)；注意动词是否为不及物动词(即一般不用被动语态，如take place)；注意特殊动词(如belong to)一般不用将来时，无被动；注意真正的被动语态定包含8be或其变形动词过去分词两部分，在注意动词是否该使用被动语态时，还需注意诸如be doing, had done, have been doing等都非被动语态；注意特殊动词(如prove, taste, blame)一般不用被动；注意最常见的“主将从现”例题1) Send my regards to your lovely wife when you _ home.A. wroteB. will writeC. ha

43、ve writtenD. write2) Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend? Terry? Never! She _ tents and fresh air!A. has hatedB. hatedC. will hateD. hates3) In recent years many football clubs _ as business to make a profit.A. have runB. have been runC. had been runD. will run4) Once a satellite _ int

44、o orbit round Pluto, scientists will be able to find a great deal.A. will be putB. has been putC. would be putD. was put5) Did you tidy your room? No, I was going to tidy my room but I _ visitors.A. hadB. haveC. have hadD. will have15. 非谓语动词中的一大考点即to do与doing的选择，弄清哪些动词后必须直接跟doing，哪些动词后必须直接跟to do，哪些动

45、词后可加宾语再加doing或to do，哪些动词后跟doing, to do意思有区别等(一般将诸如advise sb. to do记作固定搭配即可)注意to到底是不定式符号还是介词注意let, see等动词对非谓语动词的选择情况以及to的还原问题注意动词不定式的to省略问题注意分清句子结构再确定该选择何种非谓语动词例题1) Im sure that the editor will spare no effort to do everything he ought to _ informed of what is going on in the world each day.A. keep usB. keep us beC. to keep us beD. to keep us2) Eugenes never willing to alter any of his opinions. Its no use _ with him.A. to argueB. arguingC. arguedD. have argued3) There is nothing more I can try _ you to stay, so I wish you good luck.A. being persuadedB. per