2022年新版八年级英语下册第1至第10单元知识点总结 .pdf

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1、新版八年级英语下册第1 至第 10 单元知识点总结2014 新版八年级英语下册第1-第 10 单元知识点总结Unit 1 What s the matter? 一、基础知识1. What s the matter? 怎么啦？出什么事情了？【解析】 matter/ m?t?(r) /n. 问题；事情What s the matter with you?= What s the trouble with you? = What s wrong with you? 你怎么了？【注】 ： matter 和 trouble 为名词，其前可加the 或形容词性物主代词，wrong 是 adj. 不能加 t

2、he 【用法】 用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时，与介词with 连用。即：Whats the matter with sb.? = Whats your trouble? = Whats up? = What happens to sb.? Whats the matter with you ? I have a bad cold. 2. I had a cold.我感冒了。have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu 感冒have a fever 发烧have a cough 咳嗽have a stomachache胃疼，肚子疼ha

3、ve a toothache牙疼 have a headache头疼3. 身体部位 +ache（疼痛）构成新的复合词stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache后背痛4. much too+ 形容词，意为太. ，too much+名词，意为很多，大量。5. enough 【形容、 副词】足够的 /地， enough 放在名前后， 形副后。good enough 足够好， enough money=much money 6. lie down 躺下，lie 躺，躺着，过去式l

4、ay；lie 说谎，过去式lied 7. maybe 或许，常用于句首，表示可能性，后加句子。Maybe you are right. may be，是情态动词 +be 的结构，意为 可能，也许，后加名词、代词或形容词。He may be angry. sound like+ 名词代词和从句：It sounds like you don t know the truth. It sounds like a good idea. sound+形容词， 听起来，好像，The music sounds nice. 9. need 需要，实义动词need+名词，需要某物；need to do sth.

5、 需要做某事，主语通常是人，表示人主动的动作：You need to listen carefully during class. need doing sth.主语通常是物，表示被动的动作：Your dirty clothes need washing. 10. get off (the bus) 下（公交车）get on 上车11. agree 同意，赞同；agree with sth. 同意某事如： I agree with that idea. agree to sb. 同意某人的意见如： I agree to LiLei. 12. trouble 问题，麻烦；be in troubl

6、e 遇到麻烦， make trouble 制造麻烦，have trouble (in) doing sth. =have difficulties (in) doing sth做.有麻烦。13. right away=right now=at once ，意为马上。14. advice 不可数名词 劝告，建议，向征求意见，give sb. advice on sth. 就某事给某人建议；advise 动词 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 5 页advise sb.

7、 doing sth. 【复习】 exercise 练习、锻炼当 exercise 意为 练习时，为可数名词即可加 s 当 exercise 意为 锻炼时，为不可数名词即不加 s 16. hurt 及物动词，使 疼痛， 受伤， He hurt his leg while exercising. 不及物动词， （部位）疼。His leg hurt badly. clean 【动词】打扫，clean the classroom 打扫教室，【形容词】干净的，cleaner 意为清洁工。18. hit （用手或器具）打；击打The boy hit the dog with a stone. hit s

8、b. on the head/ nose/ back 打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on 用在所打较硬的部位；hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子，in 用在所打较软的部位。习惯于、适应了 、做某事，强调状态；His grandpa was used to country life. Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning. get/ become used to sth./ doing sth. 变得习惯，逐渐适应 强调过程、动作：Its difficult for one to

9、get used to another country s habit. 1 20. 【复习】free 形容词 空闲的 free time； 免费的 the drink is for free ； 自由的 I want to become a free bird. free【动词】使 解脱，得到自由：He could not free his arm. run out 用完，用尽When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life. 物 sth. run out. 某物用尽

10、了。人 sb. run out of sth. 人用尽了某物。He run out of all his money last night. 22. risk (sb.) to do sth. 冒险去做某事take a risk=take risks 冒险23. the importance of (doing) sth. （做）某事的重要性We students should know the importance of (learning) English. importance n. 重要（性），important adj.重要的， unimportant adj.不重要的decisio

11、n 【名词】决定；抉择；make a decision 做决定; make a decision to do sth.= decide to do sth. 。25. be in the control of 掌管，管理The headmaster is in the control of this new school. be out of control 无法控制，无法管理be under control 被控制住，在控制之中26. 【 复 习 】 mind意 为介 意， mind doing sth. 介 意 做 某事, Would you mind my opening the win

12、dow? 27. give up (doing) sth. 放弃（做）某事，give up (playing) computer games ；give up 后可接名词、代词和动词ing 形式，也可不接，如: Never give up easily. 二、重点语法【反身代词】 英语中共有八个反身代词，在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致。【用法】1. 可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 5 页如： Maria bought herself

13、a scarf. We must look after ourselves very well. 2. 可用作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。如：She isn t quite herself today. 3. 可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。如： She herself will fly to London tomorrow. I met the writer himself last week. 4. 用在某些固定短语当中。look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顾自己teach say to oneself 自言

14、自语oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself 自学leave sb. by oneself 把某人单独留下enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快buy oneself sth.给自己买 东西help oneself to sth 请自用 （随便吃 /喝些 ）. introduce oneself 介绍 自己hurt oneself 摔伤自己【提醒】1. 反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。如：我自己能完成作业。（误） Myself can finish my homework. (正) I myself can finish my h

15、omework. / I can finish my homework myself. 2. 反身代词表示 某人自己不能表示某人的东西，因为它没有所有格的形式。表达 某人自己的（东西）时，须要用ones own. 如： 我用我自己的蜡笔画画。 （误）I m drawing with myself crayons. (正) I m drawing with my own crayons. Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks 一、基本知识点1. sick 生病的，有病的；可在句中作表语Mary could not come because she

16、is sick. 也可作定语a sick child 【区别 ill 】 ill 与 sick 同义；但是只在句中做表语，不做定语。 Mary could not come because she is ill. 2. cheer (sb.) up （让某人） 变得高兴； 振奋起来The good news cheered up everyone in our class. 2 3. give out 分发；散发，相当于hand out，The teacher is giving out/ handing out the test papers. give sth. out to sb. 意为

17、把某物分发给某人。4. volunteer 【名词】志愿者【动词】义务做，自愿做（某事）volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事，The girls could volunteer in an after-school study program. 5. used to do sth.过去 /曾经 (常 )做某事，表示过去的习惯、动作或状态，并强调现在已经不再存在或发生。There used to be a cinema here. 这里曾有一个照相机。They told me stories about the past and how things used to be. 他们

18、告诉我关于这里过去的故事。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 5 页6. alone 【形容词】独自一人的，无感情色彩：The musician enjoyed living alone and writing songs himself. lonely （感到）孤独寂寞的，带有很强的感情色彩，可做表语或定语。The lonely boy is not lonely now. 7. care for sb./sth.照顾；照料 care 【名词】小心，关心take care of=look after 【动词】 care a

19、bout sb./sth.关心，在意某人/事【形容词】 careful 仔细的/ careless 粗心的【副词】 carefully 仔细地8. such 这样的， 这种， 如此， 用于修饰名词such+ a/ an+形容词 +单数名词： such a good day 多么美好的一天/such an exciting match 多么精彩的比赛such+形容词 +复数名词 /不可数名词： such important decisions 多么重要的建议such delicious food 多么美味如果名词前被many, much, few, little 修饰时， 只能用 so，而不用

20、such：so many sick children/ so little time 9. try out for参加 选拔，争取成为 Thirty football players tried out for the Best Player of the year. try out 试用，试验10. journey 【名词】（尤指长途）旅行，行程；trip【名词】多指短途旅行；travel【名词、动词】travel around the world 【名词】 traveler 旅行者11.【复习】 be busy with sth. 忙于（做）什么事情be busy doing sth. 忙

21、于（做）什么事情12. 【 复习】try doing sth. 试着去做某事try to do sth. 尽力去做某事try ones best (to do sth.) 尽某人最大的努力去做某事13.【复习】 be worried about sb./ sth. = worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人、某事14. raise money 集资，筹钱；raise money for为 筹钱raise【动词】举起；提高；募集15. keep【动词】 keep+名词，保留（某物） ；keep+形容词，保持16.【形容词】 broken 破损的，出毛病的；blind 瞎的，失明的；

22、deaf 聋的； disabled 有残疾的，丧失能力的；在句中做定语和表语。make it possible (for sb.) to do sth. 使（某人）做某事成为可能，You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. make it +形容词 (+for sb.) to do sth. 使（某人）做某事成为；think/find it + 形容词 to do sth. 18. make a difference to对 有影响；对 有作用， difference 前可以用no, any, some, much 等修饰，如The

23、 rain made no difference to the game. Hard-working makes much difference to study. 19. difficulty 【可数 /不可数】表示抽象意义的困难时为不可数；表示具体的难题、难事时为可数；have difficulty (in) doing sth.= have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难20. train【动词】训练，trained 为过去分词，可做定语，意为受过训练的 a trained dog 21. be excited about sth. 对某事感到兴奋，Ever

24、yone is excited about the good news. 【复习】 excited 意为兴奋的，修饰人；exciting 意为令人兴奋 /激动的，修饰物。22. order【名词】命令，指示；顺序，次序【动词】订购；点（菜）follow the order 。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 5 页23. change【动词】变化，改变Its hard for a person to change his life(style). 【名词】变化；零钱change A for B 用 A 换成 B： When you travel in China, remember to change US dollars for RMB. repair 【动词】修理，修补；fix 【动词】安装；使固定【fix up 修理 =repair】精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 5 页