宾语从句详解(公开课)ppt课件.ppt

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1、Object Clauses 宾语从句1. I know him . 2. I know who he is . 主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语（简单句）（简单句）主语主语谓语谓语宾宾 语语 从从 句句连词连词 从句主语从句主语 从句谓语从句谓语 主主 句句（复合句）（复合句）什么是什么是宾语宾语？ I know him. Do you have the time? I think (that) she is beautiful. Why dont you pay attention to me? 宾语位于谓语动词或者介词后宾语从句（宾语从句（Object Clause）1. I dont know

2、 when we shall meet again. 我不知道我们什么时间会见面。我不知道我们什么时间会见面。 2. This reminded me of what he had once promised me. 这使我想起他曾对我的许诺。这使我想起他曾对我的许诺。 OCSPOCSP一、宾语从句的概念从句在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，从句在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。 eg. We know Mr Green teaches English. She asked if these answers were

3、 right.二、宾语从句三要素二、宾语从句三要素引导词（连接词）引导词（连接词）语语 序序时时 态态由从属连词由从属连词 that 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句由连接代词由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which,what 和连接副词和连接副词 where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句由从属连词由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句（一）引导词1 12 23 3e.g. 1.I hear (that) _. 2.He said (that) _. 3.The teacher told us (that) _ _. he will b

4、e back in an hour he missed us very much the earth moves由从属连词由从属连词 that 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句注注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略around the sunthat不能省略不能省略的两种情况的两种情况（1）当）当that作介词作介词 ，about 宾语时宾语时They believe in that she must still be single. I know nothing about him except tha

5、t he is living in Beijing. （2）用用it做做形式宾语形式宾语的宾语从句时（的宾语从句时（ it常可以放在动词常可以放在动词think, find, consider, believe, feel, make等后作为形式宾语，等后作为形式宾语，而真正的宾语而真正的宾语that从句则放在句从句则放在句尾）尾） I think it necessary that you should read English aloud. We heard it that she would get married next month.由从属连词由从属连词 whether, if 引导

6、的宾语从句引导的宾语从句if/ whether “是否是否”，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在楚。常用在ask, know， wonder, can (could) you tell me 等后。等后。Are you a student? Please tell me.= Please tell me if /whether you are a student. Do you go to school by bike every day? Could you tell me?=Could you tell me if/whether you go to sc

7、hool by bike every day?1. I want to know .2. Will he go to the park with us?=_ _ I want to know if/whether he will go to the park with us.1.I ask him.2.Can he come?_1. Could you tell me?2. Does Mr. Li lives here?_只能用只能用 whether不能用不能用 if 的情况的情况1. 在在介词介词后面：后面： Im thinking of whether we should go fishi

8、ng. We are worried about whether it will rain tomorrow.2. 在在动词不定式动词不定式前前(whether to do sth.) ： They asked me whether to go skating.3.当与当与or not连用，或连用，或提出两种选择提出两种选择时时: I dont know whether hes free or not. Mary asked whether I was doing my homework or not. Tell me whether youd like to go shopping or t

9、idy the room.4. 宾语从句宾语从句提前提前时：时： Whether this is true or not, I cant say.Practice timeif / whether1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2. Were worried about _ he is safe.3. I wonder _ he is well.4. I dont know _ or not he is well.5. I dont know _ to go. if / whetherwhetherwhether /ifwhetherwhether3) 特殊疑问

10、句用作宾语从句时，用特殊疑问句用作宾语从句时，用原句原句中的疑问词中的疑问词引导。引导。注意：注意：要将要将疑问句语疑问句语序序改为改为陈述句语序（即陈述句语序（即S+V+)S+V+)Who are you waiting for? Can you tell me?=Can you tell me who you are waiting for?What did he do yesterday? I dont know.=I dont know what he did yesterday.V V助助V V实实“做做”V V实实“做做”1. He asked _. 2. Do you know_

11、?3. He asked_.4. Do you know _?5. Please tell me _. 6. Can you tell me _?7. Could you tell me _? who could answer the question whom they are waiting for whose bike was the best in the class when well have a meeting where he is how I can get to the station why the train is late由由疑问代词疑问代词 Who, whom, w

12、hose, which, what 和和疑问副词疑问副词 where, how, why, when引导的宾从引导的宾从代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略不可省略。宾语从句的语序用宾语从句的语序用陈述语序陈述语序：连接词连接词+ +主语主语+ +谓语谓语+ +其他成分其他成分His brother asks when he will go to the library . His brother asks when will he go to the library . I dont kn

13、ow what did he want to buy . I dont know what he wanted to buy .主句主句+连接词连接词+从句（主从句（主+谓谓+其他成分）其他成分） Whats wrong? Whats the matter? WhatWhats happening?s happening? What happened? 注注：当从句的原句为以下句子：当从句的原句为以下句子 以及以及what, who作主语时，作主语时，语序不变语序不变：eg: I dont know whats the matter.Can you tell me who is over th

14、ere?Can you tell me who he is ?做主语做主语做宾语做宾语否定的转移否定的转移 若主句谓语动词为若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等，等， 其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。I dont think this dress fits you well. I dont think you are right. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。我认为这件衣服不适

15、合你穿。我认为你是错的。我认为你是错的。 I dont believe you will finish the work today. 我认为你今天无法完成工作。我认为你今天无法完成工作。 时态时态：1. 主句是主句是一般现在时一般现在时，宾语从句，宾语从句时态不变时态不变。1)It is going to rain. I think. = I think (that) it is going to rain.2) He is a worker. He tells me.= He tells me (that) he is a worker.3) They will have a trip.

16、He tells me.= He tells me (that) they will have a trip. 4) Have you finished reading the book? I wonder.=I wonder if / whether you have finished reading the book.5) Did you do your homework last night? I ask.= I ask if / whether you did your homework last night.6) He was watching TV at 10 oclock las

17、t night. He tells me.= He tells me that he was watching TV at 10 oclock last night.7) They had gone when I came. I tell him.= I tell him that They had gone when I came. 1) He can go with me. He said. =He said he could go with me.2.2. 时态时态：如果如果主句主句是是过去的时态过去的时态（一般过去时，（一般过去时，过去进行时），过去进行时），从句从句的时态一定要用的时

18、态一定要用相对应的过相对应的过去的某种时态去的某种时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时将来时，过去完成时）1)It is going to rain. I thought. = I thought it was going to rain.2) He is a worker. He told me.= He told me that he was a worker.3) They will have a trip. He told me.= He told me that they would have a trip. 4) Have you fin

19、ished reading the book? I wondered.=I wondered if / whether you had finished reading the book.5) Did you do your homework last night? I asked.= I asked if / whether you did your homework last night.6) He was watching TV at 10 oclock last night. He told me.= He told me that he was watching TV at 10 o

20、clock last night.7) They had gone when I came. I told him. =I told him that They had gone when I came. 3.注意注意：如果从句表示的是：如果从句表示的是客观真理或不变客观真理或不变的事实的事实，从句仍然用一般现在时。，从句仍然用一般现在时。Our teacher told us that the moon goes /travels around the Earth.The teacher told us that light travels/ goes faster than sound.H

21、e said that Liu Xiang is a famous sports star. The teacher told me she was born in 1960. I heard that he went to Paris last night.4. 从句中有从句中有具体时间状语具体时间状语，即使，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍用用一般过去时一般过去时。1. I know (that) he _ (join) the Party in 2000.2. Could you tell me where he _(mend) his bike at tha

22、t time?3. I see that they _ (play) football over there.4. Tell me where he _ (live).5. I want to know how long you _ (have) this bike.6. I hear that he _(come) tomorrow.joinedwas mendingare playingliveshave had/keptwill come根据主句，在宾语从句中填入根据主句，在宾语从句中填入正确的动词时态：正确的动词时态：7.I knew that he _(join) the Leagu

23、e in 2000.8. I wanted to know how you _ (get) on with your classmates.9. He told me that he_(have) this bike for three years.10. I wondered if he _(come) tomorrow. joinedgot had hadwould come11.Our teacher told us that light _(go) faster than sound.12. We all knew that the moon _(move) round the sun

24、.13. It was true that there _(be) twelve months in a year.goesmovesare14.The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be)15.The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go)16.I heard they _ (return) it already. 17.He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be)18.Our teacher told us in class the sun

25、_ in the east. (rise) will be goes had returned had been rises以以 whwh- - 疑问词或疑问词或 how how 引导的宾语从句与引导的宾语从句与动动词不定式词不定式可相互转换可相互转换: :疑问代词疑问代词 who, what, which 及疑问副词及疑问副词 when, where, why 等和动词不定式连用，构成动词等和动词不定式连用，构成动词不定式短语。不定式短语。I didnt know what to do.=I didnt know what I should do.The policeman showed u

26、s where to go.=The policeman showed us where we should go.Can you tell me how to make a kite? =Can you tell me how I can make a kite? I dont know what I can say next. = I dont know what to say next.He doesnt know where he can make a phone call.=He doesnt know where to make a phone call.主句和从句的主语为主句和从

27、句的主语为同一人同一人，宾语从句，宾语从句可转换为动词不定式结构。如下所示：可转换为动词不定式结构。如下所示：宾语从句宾语从句三要素三要素时时 态态SummarySummary ( (小结）小结）引导词（连接词）引导词（连接词）语语 序序将下列句子合并为一句将下列句子合并为一句: :1. Where do they stop on the way? I asked. 2. What will you speak at the meeting? Could you tell me?3. Do they like to go skiing? He asked. 4. He is doing his

28、 homework. He said. 5. He will come back. Tom said. I asked where they stopped on the way. Could you tell me what you will speak at the meeting?He asked if they liked to go skiing. He said that he was doing his homework. Tom said that he would come back. 6. Is she doing her homework? Jim asked. 7. W

29、hen will he come back? Tom asked. 8.How can I get to the station?Could you tell me?9.Why is the train late? Would you tell me?10. Where is Tom? They asked. Tom asked when he would come back.Could you tell me how I can get to the station?Would you tell me why the train is late?They asked where Tom was. Jim asked if she was doing her homework. 11. You arent right. I think.（请将两句合成（请将两句合成一句）一句） _.12. shampoo, where, can, buy, you, do, know, I. (连词成句连词成句) _?I dont think you are rightDo you know where I can buy shampoo