语法5演示文稿1[自动保存的].ppt

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1、动词的时态动词的时态 不同时间发生的动作在英语不同时间发生的动作在英语中要用中要用动词的不同的形式动词的不同的形式来对来对应表达。这种不同的变化形式应表达。这种不同的变化形式就叫做就叫做时态。时态。 英语中有英语中有16种时态，我们要种时态，我们要掌握常见的掌握常见的8种时态。种时态。I work every day.He often plays computer games 小结：一般现在时 ：1.一般现在时常与always, usually, often, sometimes, every day, in the morning等连用2. 一般现在时要注意人称与动词的变化。即 当人称是 I

2、 ; we; they ;you； 动词用 _. 当人称是 she, he ； 动词用 _.原形原形第三人称单数第三人称单数They are listening to music. she is cleaning the room. 小结;现在进行时：1. 构成： 由 _, _ ,_ + _2.现在进行时常与now, today等词连用。3.常与look, listen等动词连用。am is are动词的现在分词He saw a film yesterday.You read a book last night.小结 一般过去时1. 常与表示过去的时间连用 。如_, _等。2. 要注意动词的过

3、去式。分_和_变化. Yesterday, last night规则规则不规则不规则buy -comeeatfallawakegohearleave-dodriveholdgetbreakgivebringflyhavekeepknowmeetpaysell-sitsleepspendswimthrowwritestandteach-boughtcameatefellawokewentheardleftdiddroveheldgotbrokegavebroughtflewhadkeptknewmetpaidsoldsatsleptspentswamthrewwroteI was working

4、 at 6 in the morning.They were playing basketball at that time.小结过去进行时1.表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作。2.由由“主语主语+was/were + doing”构成构成3.常与过去的具体时间连用：常与过去的具体时间连用： at 6 in the evening, at 8 last night ，at 5 yesterday, at that time 等。等。4. 与与when ,while 连用。连用。 I was walking when someone called me. he was reading while

5、his father was watching TV.They will go to Beijing tomorrow morning .She is going to read the book next year. 1.表示一个将要发生的动作或状态。2.常与表 示将来的时间状语连用,如: tomorrow ，next year 等将来的时间连用。3.构成：will/shall +动词原形动词原形； be going to + 动词原形动词原形 小结小结We have already seen the film. She hasnt read the book yet.1.过去发生或已经完成

6、的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 2.常与：常与：recently, already, just ,yet 等连用。等连用。3.常与常与 since，for，in the past few years等等 连用连用. I have worked for an hour. It has been five years since he joined the army4.基本结构：基本结构：have/has + done 5.否定形式：否定形式：have/has + n

7、ot +done小结小结They had already had breakfast before they got here He told me that he had written a new book. 过去完成时 1. 过去完成时表示“过去的过去过去的过去”。如：When I woke up, it had stopped raining. 2. 构成 had + 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词动词的过去分词： 有规则和不规则变化seesayputwriterunswimwintakespeakstandtellthrowwakesleep-spreadteachthinksteal

8、singleadcutbuildcatchdrawfallbeginsawseensaidsaidputputwrotewrittenranrunswamswumwonwontook-takenspokespokenstoodstoodtoldtoldthrewthrownwoke-wokensleptsleptspreadspreadtaughttaughtthoughtthoughtstolestolensangsungledledcutcutbuiltbuiltcaughtcaughtdrewdrawnfellfallenbegan-begunlosemeetsendshinesmell

9、choose-forgetmean-riseeatcostdrinkhurtflylostlostmetmetsentsentshoneshonesmeltsmeltchose-chosenforgotforgottenmeant-meantrose-risenateeatencostcostdrankdrunkhurthurtflew-flownHe said that he would go to Beijing the next day . I didnt know if he would come.主语主语+would/should+动词原形动词原形 +主语主语+Was/ Were g

10、oing to+动词原形动词原形+其其它它小结小结过去将来时过去将来时过去将来时过去将来时常用于宾语从句中。常用于宾语从句中。 构成构成1.Tom _(go) to school by bike every day.2.She often _(fly) kites on the weekend.3._he always _(wash) my clothes in the morning.4.He _(do) his homework now.5._ John _(swim) last night ?6.He _already _(buy) the book.7.They _（ not writ

11、e) the book yet.8.She _ (eat) breakfast when her mother _(come) in.9.He _(make) a card for his mother this weekend.goesfliesDoeswashis doingDidswimhasboughthave not writtenwas eatingcamewill make（被动语态被动语态）动词的语态动词的语态英语动词有两种语态：英语动词有两种语态：1)主动语态。主动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者 We speak English.2)被动

12、语态被动语态 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 English is spoken by us.一般现在时的被动语态构成：am /is /are +动词过去分词 We read a book every year.The book is read by us every year.一般过去时一般过去时的被动语态构成的被动语态构成was/were+过去分词过去分词He saw the film yesterday.The film was seen yesterday.各种时态被动语态的构成: 一般现在时 am/is/are+过去分词 一般过去时 was/were

13、+过去分词 一般将来时 shall/will/be going to+be+过去分词 含情态动词 can/ may /must+be+过去分词 现在进行时 am/is/are+being+过去分词 过去进行时 Was/were+being+过去分词 现在完成时 have/has+been+过去分词一般将来时的被动语态 shall / will + be +过去分词be going to+be+过去分词They will build a new school . The new school will be built.含情态动词 的被动语态 can/ may /must+be+过去分词We m

14、ust finish the work .The work must be finished by us现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态 have/has+been+过去分词过去分词She has found the cat .The cat has been found .We have read books. Some books have been read.A recorder is used in our class every day. recorder, use, in our class football, play, all over the worldFootbal

15、l is played all over the world. bank, rob yesterdayThe bank was robbed yesterday.send to, hospital, right now a talk, give , soonThey must be sent to the hospital right now.A talk will be given soon.The hamburger has been eaten up already.hamburger, already, eat upFootball is played all over the wor

16、ld.A camera is used for taking photos. A bank was robbed yesterday.A man-made satellite was sent up into space last year.The tree must be planted on the ground.The ground will be covered with trees in a few years time. They will be sent to the hospital right now.A talk will be given soon.The food ha

17、s been eaten up already.一般现在时一般现在时 amis are + v.p.p. 一般过去时一般过去时 waswere +v.p.p. 一般将来时一般将来时 will bebe going to be + v.p.p.情态动词情态动词 aux.v. (mustcancould may) + be + v.p.p.现在完成时现在完成时 have/has +been+ v.p.p.被动语态的构成：被动语态的构成：be +vt.p.p.被动语态：被动语态：主语主语是动作的是动作的承受者承受者 。 英语动词有两种语态： 主动语态 (the Active Voice) 被动语态(

18、the Passive Voice)What is it?A. 主动语态表示主语是动作的主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者执行者。B. 被动语态表示主语是动作的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者承受者。We planted the tree.The tree was planted by us.When to use it? （1）当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或）当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或 没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。（2）当我们需要强调动作承受者，而不是）当我们需要强调动作承受者，而不是动作的执行者。动作的执行者。这本词典被保存完好这本词典被保存完好(不需

19、要说明是谁保存的不需要说明是谁保存的) 。这些恐龙蛋是在二十世纪二十年代发现的。这些恐龙蛋是在二十世纪二十年代发现的。 （强调恐龙蛋被发现而不是强调由谁发现）（强调恐龙蛋被发现而不是强调由谁发现） The dictionary is well kept. These dinosaur eggs were found in the 1920s. the Structure is助动词助动词be+及物动词的过去分及物动词的过去分词词 (be+V.P.P) 主动语态转化为被动语态的三部曲主动语态转化为被动语态的三部曲: :1.主动结构宾语变为被动结构主语。主动结构宾语变为被动结构主语。2.谓语动词变

20、为被动语态。谓语动词变为被动语态。3.主动结构主语变为介词主动结构主语变为介词by的宾语的宾语,组成介组成介 词短语词短语,放在被动结构中谓语动词之后。在放在被动结构中谓语动词之后。在动词执行者无须说明或强调时，动词执行者无须说明或强调时，by短语可短语可以省略。以省略。Nancy designed the educational CD-ROM.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语The educational CD-ROMwas designedby Nancy.1. Many people speak English.English2. He bought me a new bike yesterda

21、y. I A new bike 3. The boss made him do the heavy work.Heis spoken by many people.was bought a new bike yesterday.was bought yesterday.was made the heavy work.for meto do What will happen in 100 years. 2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义 1、不及物动词无被动语态。表示发生的、不及物动词无被动语态。表示发生的(take place happen occur) , b

22、reak out fit cost last belong to agree with 等等使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：使用被动语态应注意的几个问题： read write sell wash clean cook 常常与常常与well badly easily smoothly 等副词连用等副词连用 不用被动语态不用被动语态 (注意注意 一定要一定要与副词连用与副词连用 .否则可用被动语态否则可用被动语态 .This pen writes well.This new book sells well.比较比较 The apples sell well /The apples are sold

23、 yesterday The door cant open 4 smell taste feel look sound prove turn up (出现出现) 作作连系动词连系动词 与形容词连用时不用被动语态与形容词连用时不用被动语态3 open move shut lock keep 常常与常常与 cant wont hardly 等连用时等连用时 不用被动语态不用被动语态使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：使用被动语态应注意的几个问题： 5 感官动词感官动词see watch hear 等或使役动词等或使役动词make have let 使用省略使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不的动词不定

24、式，主动语态中不带带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上，但变为被动语态时，须加上to 。The boss made the little boy do heavy work. The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. He gave me a book.A book was given to me by him.He showed me a ticket.A ticket was shown to me by him.My father bought me a new bike. A new bike was bought for

25、 me by my father. 6. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语宾语(物物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定词是由与其搭配的动词决定 使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：使用被动语态应注意的几个问题： 7 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。We cant laugh at him. He cant be laugh at by us.He listen

26、s to the radio every day. The radio is listened to by him every day.The nurse is taking care of the sick man. The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：使用被动语态应注意的几个问题： A traffic accident _(happen) just now.happened2. 连系动词连系动词（Link.v.) 如：如：be, look, seem, feel, sound, smell, tas

27、te, get, turn, becomePeking Opera _ (sound) beautiful.sounds3. 当此动词表示当此动词表示事物的自然属性事物的自然属性的时候的时候:The pen _ (write) very fast.writesThis kind of sweater _ (sell) well. sells1. 不及物动词不及物动词（vi.) 如如:happen, take place, appear, dissapear, 不用被动语态的动词不用被动语态的动词：P72 B1 In pairs, ask and answer questions about t

28、he pictures below and on the next page. Follow the example.S1: Where is bread baked?S2: Bread is baked in a bakery.bread baked?reference books stored?money kept?B1 In pairs, ask and answer questions about the pictures below and on the next page. Follow the example.S1: Where is bread baked?S2: Bread

29、is baked in a bakery.cars made?football matches played?films shown?P73-B2 In pairs, ask and answer questions. Follow the example. 1. In 1879, Thomas Edison invented the first practical light bulb. S1: Who invented the first practical light bulb? S2: It was invented by Thomas Edison. S1: When was it

30、invented? S2: It was invented in 1879.P73-B2 In pairs, ask and answer questions. Follow the example. 2. In 1492, Columbus discovered America. 3. The Chinese people played an ancient form of football more than 2,000 years ago. 4. The ancient Greeks held the first Olympic Games more than 2,700 years a

31、go.P73-B3 Change the sentences below into the passive voice. 1. Paul scored a goal in the last minute. 2. She threw the ball high into the air. 3. Our school will hold the Sports Day on 15th March.A goal was scored by Paul in the last minute.The ball was thrown by her high into the air.The Sports Da

32、y will be held by our school on 15th March.P73-B3 Change the sentences below into the passive voice. 4. He cleans his gloves after every game. 5. Millions of people will watch the Olympic Games. 6. He is going to make a poster about popular sport.His gloves are cleaned by him after every game.The Ol

33、ympic Games will be watched by millions of people.A poster about popular sport is going to be made by him. 一、选择正确答案：一、选择正确答案： 1. Do you know what _? A. it calls B. does it call C.it is called D. is it called 2. My lost car _ yesterday. A. will be found B. was found C. has found D. found3. Who was th

34、e book _? A .written by B. will be write by C. has been written with D. can be written by 4. An English song _ on the radio. A.will teach B. will be taught C.has taught D. can be teach 5. Must the composition _ in an hour? A. will be finished B. has been finished C.is finished D. be finishedCBABD1 T

35、he Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1, 1949. A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found 2 English _ in Canada. A.speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken 3 This English song_ by the girls after class. A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung4 This kind of

36、car _ in Japan. A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made 5 New computers _ all over the world. A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used6 Our room must _ clean. A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep BDDDCB7 -Id like to buy that coat. -Im sorry. _. A.it sold B. its selling C. Its been so

37、ld D. it had been sold 8 A new house _ at the corner of the road. A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building 9 The key _ on the table when I left. A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left 10 Doctors _ in every part of the world.A.need B. are needing C. are needed D.

38、 will need11His new book_ next month. A. will be published B. is publishing C. is being published D. has been published12 Japanese _ in every country. A.is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speakingDBACAA二、用所给词的正确形式填空二、用所给词的正确形式填空 。 (cover, spell, answer, write, return, call, connect

39、 ) 1. All the questions must correctly. 2. More than two thirds of the earth _ with water. 3. Our city Shenzhen. 4. All the magazines should _ to the school library in two weeks. 5. This English word can _ in a different ways. 6. All the words on the back of the card. 7. Make sure the keyboard to th

40、e computer properly. is covered be returnedbe speltbe answeredis calledwas connectedare written1. Large numbers of plastic bags _ (use) in the supermarkets every day.2. _ our country _(send) up another man-made satellite last year? 3. Must the old people _ (speak) to politely?4. Her grandma was stil

41、l alive when he _ (take) to the hospital.5. English _(speak) in many counties. are usedDidsendbe spokenwas takenis spoken6. Three quarters of the worlds books _ (write) in English.7. This kind of sweater _ (sell) well.8. _ Lesson 50 _ (teach) next week?are writtensellsWillbe taught看图，写一篇以看图，写一篇以How to Plant a Tree?How to Plant a Tree?为题目的短为题目的短文，要求内容齐全，上下文连贯文，要求内容齐全，上下文连贯, ,展开合理想象。展开合理想象。词数：词数：60608080。