中考英语动词和动词短语专题练习(带答案).pdf

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1、中考英语动词和动词短语专题练习中考英语动词和动词短语专题练习【名师精选考题预测，值得下载练习】【名师精选考题预测，值得下载练习】5050 道精选试题解析与练习道精选试题解析与练习【名题实战】1.May I play computer games now，Mom?No，you _ finish your homework first.AmustBcanCcouldDmay解析：must“必须”；can“能，可以”；could“能，可以”；may“可以，可能”。根据对话情景“妈妈，现在我可以玩电脑游戏吗？”“不能。”可知，本句句意为“你必须先完成你的家庭作业”，故用 must，表示命令。答案：_A

2、 A_2.Must we clean the room at once?No，you _.You can do it after school.AmustntBneedntCcant解析：对“Must we.？”句型的否定回答应为“No，you neednt.”或“No，you dont have to.”答案：_B B_3.Ann is going on a tour of Xian，and she wants to _ Chinese history.Adream ofBlearn aboutClook throughDpass on解析：dream of “梦到，梦想”；learn ab

3、out“了解”；look through“浏览”；pass on“传递”。由前半句句意“安打算到西安旅行”可知，后半句句意为“她想了解中国的历史”。答案：_B B_高频考点一高频考点一实义动词词义辨析实义动词词义辨析实义动词：本身有词义，能独立作谓语，根据后面是否带宾语，可分为及物动词和不及物动词。1 1及物动词及物动词及物动词后面要跟宾语才能使句子句意完整。如 love，need，want 等。它主要用于三种- 1 - 1 - / 1515句型中：动词宾语如：I bought some books yesterday.我昨天买了一些书。(bought 后有宾语 books，为及物动词)动词宾

4、语宾补动词间接宾语直接宾语2 2不及物动词不及物动词不及物动词本身有完整的意思，后不需接宾语。如：He always studies hard。他一直努力学习。(study 后无宾语，为不及物动词)若不及物动词需要带宾语，其后需加适当的介词，才可以跟宾语。有的动词既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。如：She sings very well.她唱得很好。(sing 是不及物动词)She sang an English song just now.她刚才唱了一首英文歌。(sing 是及物动词)【例【例 1 1】Ive left my keys in the meeting room.Please

5、_ them for me.All right.AbuyBpaintCwashDfetch解析：解析：由语境可知，说话者把钥匙忘在了会议室里，请听话者帮忙去取一下。fetch 意为“去取(某物)”，符合语境。答案：答案：_D D_【例【例 2 2】Hows Bob now?I hear the company _ him a very good job，but he turned it down.AdonatedBservedCofferedDintroduced解析：解析：donate“捐赠”；serve“服务”；offer“提供”；introduce“介绍”。由语境可知句意为“我听说这个公

6、司给他提供了一个很好的工作，但是他拒绝了”。答案：答案：_C C_【例【例 3 3】He was wearing a pair of sunglasses and I didnt _ him at first.AadviseBpromiseCrecogniseDhear解析：解析：advise“建议”；promise“承诺”；recognise“认出”；hear“听到”。由语境可知后半句句意为“我开始没认出他。”答案：答案：_C C_- 2 - 2 - / 1515高频考点二高频考点二系动词和助动词的用法系动词和助动词的用法1 1系动词。系动词。本身有词义，但不能独立作谓语，须与表语一起构成谓

7、语，主要用来说明主语的身份、性质、特征或状态。系动词只有主动形式。分类分类表示主语状态表示主语状态表示主语继续或保表示主语继续或保示例示例be(am，is，are，was，were)是keep 保持stay 停留持一种状态或态度持一种状态或态度remain 保持stand 站表象系动词表象系动词look 看起来seem 看起来appear 显得feel 摸起来smell 闻起来sound 听起来taste 尝起来become 变得get 变得grow 长得turn 变得go 变得表示人的感觉表示人的感觉表变化表变化如：I like soft and gentle music. It sound

8、s sounds nice.我喜欢柔和的音乐，听起来很好听。2 2助动词。助动词。本身无意义或意义不完整，不能独立用作谓语。它须与别的实义动词连用构成谓语，表示时态、语态、语气等，帮助构成各种否定、疑问、强调或省略等。常用助动词有 be，have，has，had，do，does，did，will 和 shall 等。【例【例 4 4】This kind of peach looks really nice，but it _ very sour.AtastesBlooksCfeelsDsounds解析：解析：由语境可知“这种桃子看起来很好，但是尝起来很酸”。taste“尝起来”；look“看起来

9、”；feel“感觉”；sound“听起来”。答案：答案：_A A_【例【例 5 5】Do you like watching TV?No，but my brother _.AdoesBdoCisDlikes解析：解析：通常我们用助动词替代上文提到的动词，以免重复。my brother 为第三人称单数，故“does”符合题意。答案：答案：_A A_- 3 - 3 - / 1515高频考点三高频考点三情态动词的用法情态动词的用法情态动词有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，须与动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的情绪、态度和语气。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。1 1can(could)can(could)表

10、能力，could 为 can 的过去时。can 与 be able to 的意义基本相同。但 can 只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而 be able to 能用于各种时态。表可能性。表许可。口语中可代替 may。cant 表有把握的否定判断，意为“不可能”。could 在口语中，常代替 can 来向对方比较委婉客气地提出请求或表示看法。此时 could不表示过去时。2 2may(might)may(might)用来征求对方意见，意为“可以”。口语性较强。might 可以指过去时间；也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。表猜测和对可能性的判断，意为“可能；也许”。might 可以指过去时间；也可指现在时间

11、，语气更加不肯定。3 3mustmust表说话人的主观意志， 意为“必须， 应该”。 无时态变化。 其否定答语常用 neednt 或 donthave to，意为“不必”。注：have to 意为“不得不；必须”，主要强调受到外界客观因素的迫使。它可用于多种时态，且有人称和数的变化。must 的否定形式为 mustnt，意为“不许；一定不要”，表示禁止和告诫。表示对事物的推测， 意为“想必； 一定”， 只用于肯定句。 且比 may 的语气要肯定得多。4 4wouldwould作情态动词时，无人称限制，表意愿，常与 like，love 连用。5 5shouldshould表义务。意为“应该”(某

12、件事宜于做)，用于各种人称。表推测，意为“想必一定；照说应该；估计”等。【例【例 6 6】Are you in a hurry?No，Ive got plenty of time.I _ wait.(20142014，盐城)AcanBcantCmustDmustnt- 4 - 4 - / 1515解析：解析：can“可能，能够”；cant“不能”；must“一定，必须”；mustnt“不允许，禁止”。由语境可知答语为“我有许多时间，我可以等。”答案：答案：_A A_【例【例 7 7】Someone is knocking at the door.Is it Ann?It _ be her.Sh

13、e is giving a performance at the theater now.AmayBmustCcantDmustnt解析：解析：由答语第二句“她现在在剧院进行表演”说明敲门的一定不是她。may“可能是”，表示把握性不大的推测；must“一定是”，表示肯定推测；cant“不可能是”，用于有把握的否定推测；mustnt 表示“千万别，一定别”。答案：答案：_C C_高频考点四高频考点四动词短语动词短语动词短语指动词跟一个或两个介词或副词构成的固定短语。其意义与原来动词的意思不同。1 1动词短语的分类：动词短语的分类：动词介词arrive in(at)， ask for， begin

14、 with， be from， come from， get to， laugh at， look for， send for，wait for及物动词副词find out，give up，look up (查找)，put on，pick up，ring up，take off (脱下)，take away，turn on，turn off，think over不及物动词副词get up，go on，grow up，set off，stand up，take off(起飞)动词副词介词get on (along) with，catch up with，come up with，go on wi

15、th，look forward to动词名词介词take part in，make friends with，take care ofbe形容词介词be good at，be interested in，be good for，be worried about2 2初中阶段常用短语如下：初中阶段常用短语如下：looklook 短语短语look for 寻找；look after 照顾；look over 查看；look forward to 渴望，向- 5 - 5 - / 1515往；look at 看着；look up 抬头看，查找；look into 调查；look out 当心；look

16、 like 看起来像；look the same 看起来一样；look through 浏览putput 短语短语put off 推迟；put on 穿上，上演；put away 把暂时收起来；put out扑灭；put down 写下；put back 放回；put up 举起，建造，张贴turn on 打开；turn off 关掉；turn up 把音量开大一点；turn down 把音量turnturn 短语短语开小一点；turn to 朝向；turn into 变成；turn over 翻开，翻转；turninto把变成get on/along(well)with 与某人相处(融洽)；

17、get up 起床；get on 上车(船、飞机、马)；get off 下车(船、飞机、马)；get back 回去；get back to 回到；getgetget 短语短语away 离开，逃脱；get down 下来；get home 到家；get into 进入，陷入；getout(of)(从)出去；get to 到达；get together 聚会take off(飞机)起飞，脱掉(衣服)；take in 吸收，上当；take away 拿走；taketake 短语短语take out 取出；take on 雇佣，呈现；take down 取下；take up 占据时间、空间，开始从事

18、，拿起agreeagree 短语短语agree with 同意某人的(意见、想法、分析、解释)；agree to 同意(计划、办法)；agree to do sth.同意做某事go over 温习，复习；go swimming/skating/shopping/dancing/fishing/hunting/camping 去游泳/溜冰/购物/跳舞/钓鱼/打猎/野营； go into 走进； go outgogo 短语短语时间流逝，从旁经过；go down 下降，下沉；go for 为而去；go on 继续；go through 经历； go to school/work 去上学/班； go

19、home 回家； go to the doctor去看医生come along 一道来；come in 进来；come into 进入；come out 出来，出comecome 短语短语版；come down 下来；come from 来自；come back 回来；come across 偶然遇到；come over 过来；come home 回家；come into use 开始使用；come on快，得啦，跟着来，加油givegive 短语短语give up 放弃；give off 放出、发出(气体、气味、烟雾、光、水、热等)；give out 精疲力竭、累倒，耗尽、用完； give

20、away 泄露，赠送；give in 屈服，出去，熄灭；go away 走开；go back 回去，回顾；go up 上升，攀登；go by- 6 - 6 - / 1515让步，投降make a decision 作出决定； make sb.do sth.让某人做某事； make a mistakemakemake 短语短语犯错误；make progress 取得进步；make friends with 与交朋友；make up编造，虚构，打扮，构成，组成；make a face 做鬼脸be friendly/kind to 对友好； be different from 与不同； be afr

21、aid of害怕； be popular with 受欢迎； be interested in 对感兴趣； be strict with对某人严格；be strict in 对某事严格；be famous/known as 作为出名；befamous/known for 因著名；be surprised at 对惊讶；be pleased withbebe 短语短语对满意；be proud of 对感到自豪；be polite/impolite to 对某人有礼貌/不礼貌；be thankful/grateful to 对某人感激；be good for 对有好处；be good at 擅长于

22、； be made up of 由构成； be angry with 对某人生气；be busy with 忙于； be full of/filled with 装满； be late for 迟到； be coveredwith 覆盖着callcall 短语短语【例 8】We should think of others if we want to _ them.Aget on well withBhear ofCget ready forDhear from解析：由语境可知句意为“如果想要与别人相处融洽，我们应当多考虑别人”。get on wellwith“与某人相处融洽”；hear of

23、“听说”；get ready for“准备”；hear from“收到某人来信”。答案：_A A_【例 9】Oh，dear！Your room is untidy.Sorry，mom.Ill _.Aset it upBclean it upCput it upDlook it up解析：set up“建立，设立”；clean up“打扫干净”；put up“张贴”；look up“查找”。由问句“你的房间不干净”可知，答句句意应为“我将去打扫干净”。答案：_B B_【考点梳理】【考点梳理】- 7 - 7 - / 1515call at 拜访(后接地点)； call on 拜访(后接被拜访的对象

24、)， 号召； call back回电话；call up 打电话，使回忆起；call for 要求，提倡，邀请动词与动词短语是中考考查的重点之一。在语境中考查考生对基础知识的掌握程度越来越受到重视。考查的范围有：行为动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词或动词及动词短语间的辨析。大多数动词都有五种基本形式：动词原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。1 1第三人称单数形式的构成第三人称单数形式的构成一般现在时中主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词后要加-s 或-es，其变化规则与名词变复数的方法大体相同。规则变化动词原形第三人称单数形式及读音一般在动词词尾加-s(-s 在清辅音后读/s/，-s 在浊辅

25、音后读/z/)workgrowworks/s/grows/z/以 s，x，sh，ch 或 o 结尾的动词加-es(-es 读/iz/，o 后的-es 读/z/)guessmixfinishcatchgoguesses/iz/mixes/iz/finishes/iz/catches/iz/goes/z/以字母 e 结尾的动词，直接加-s(-s 读/z/或/s/)writelikewrites/z/likes/s/以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词，变 y 为 i，再加-es(-ies 读/iz/)studycarrystudies/iz/carries/iz/以元音字母加 y 结尾的动词，直接加-s(

26、-s 读/z/)playsayplays/z/- 8 - 8 - / 1515says/z/不规则变化的有 havehas 等。2 2现在分词的构成现在分词的构成规则变化一般在动词后加-ingworkworking以不发音的字母 e 结尾的动词，先去 e 再加-ingmovemoving以 y 结尾的动词，直接加-ingstudystudying以重读闭音节结尾的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ingbeginbeginning以 ie 结尾的名词，一般将 ie 改为 y，再加-ingdiedying3. 3.过去式和过去分词的构成过去式和过去分词的构成规则变化动词原形现在分词helphel

27、pingwritewritingplayplayinggetgettinglielying过去式，过去分词及其读规则变化一般在动词词尾加-ed(在清辅音后读/t/，在浊辅音动词原形音ask- 9 - 9 - / 1515后读 d，在 t 和 d 后读/id/)answerwantneedansweredanswered/d/wantedwanted/id/neededneeded/id/以不发音的 e 结尾的动词，只加-d(读/d/)dancedanceddanced/d/以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词， 把 y 变为 i， 再加-ed(读/d/)studystudiedstudied/d/以元

28、音字母加 y 结尾的动词，直接加-ed(读/d/)staystayedstayed/d/以重读闭音节结尾的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed(在清辅音后读/t/，在浊辅音后读/d/，在 t 和 d 后读/id/)planplannedplanned/d/不规则变化需单独记忆。stoppedstopped/t/stopplayplayedplayed/d/triedtried/d/trylovelovedloved/d/asked-asked/t/专项训练专项训练一、单项选择一、单项选择- 10 - 10 - / 15151Im leaving now._ your coat.Its col

29、d outside.AWearBPutting onCPut on2Our school is planning to _ a band to give the students a chance to show their musicaltalent.Atake upBset upCpick up3She went to Hangzhou by train last night.She _ be at home now.Amust notBmay notCcant4Mum，what are you cooking？It _ so sweet.AtastesBfeelsCsoundsDsmel

30、ls5I got a message saying my phone number won a prize worth $3，000.Too good to be true.Dont _ it.AdoBholdCmakeDbelieve6The girl is greatly interested in the song.The lyrics of it _ her thoughts and feelings.AexpressBdiscussCexpectDimagine7I used to _ with my wife and watch TV movies at home.Ashow up

31、Bwake upCcome upDstay up8How was the concert last night?It was so good.Though it _ nearly four hours，few people left early.AcoveredBreachedClastedDplayed9Spring has come.We cant _ the plan.The trees must be planted this week.Aput offBmake upCcome up withDlook up10Jason，I cant get Sue on the phone.Im

32、 seeing her this afternoon.Do you want me to _ any message？Apass onBfind outClook upDwork on11Children _ sit in the front seat of a car.Its too dangerous.AneedBneedntCmustDmustnt- 11 - 11 - / 151512_ you leave now？You only arrived here an hour ago.Sorry，but so much homework is waiting for me.AMayBMu

33、stCCanDMight13We _ pay to get into the concert.Its free.AcantBmustntCmight notDdont have to14Is the man over there Mr.Brown?It _ him.He has gone to Brazil to watch the 2014 FIFA World Cup.Amay notBcant beCshouldntDmustnt15You can hardly imagine the pleasure of talking on the Wechat ( 微信)Really？But i

34、t _ cause you much trouble if somebody gets your personal information.AmayBneedChas to16I forgot to bring my dictionary.Could I use yours?Yes，you _AcanBmustCcouldDshould17If you _ smoke，please go outside.AcanBmayCmustDmight18It _ about eight minutes for sunlight (阳光) to travel from the sun to the ea

35、rth.AtakesBspendsCcostsDpays19This is quite a new phrase.Right.It has already _ the language.AspokenBusedCenteredDcovered20Recycling is good，so dont _ bottles or newspapers.Afind outBhand inCuse upDthrow away21iPhones and iPads are so popular these days.Yes，they can _ our eyes to the outside world.A

36、turn upBopen upCcall upDthink up- 12 - 12 - / 151522. Our teacher, Miss Chen, _English on the radio the day bore yesterday.A. teachesB. taughtC. will teachD. had taught23. I dont think I _ you in that dress before.A. have seenB. was seeingC. sawD. see24. Susans parents have bought a large house with

37、 a swimming pool.It _ be veryexpensive.A. mustB. canC. mustntD. cant25. Coffee is ready. How nice it _ ! Would you like some?A. looksB. smellsC. soundsD. feels26. “ Mr. Zhu, youd better _ too much meat. You are already over weight,” said thedoctor.A. not to eatB. to eatC. not eatD. eat27. “Dont alwa

38、ys make Michael _ this or that. He is already a big boy, dear,” Mr.Bush said to his wife.A. doB. to doC. doesD. did28. Sorry, I cant hear you clearly. Will you please _ your E-mail address? Illwrite it down.A. reviewB. reciteC. reportD. repeat29. Dont _ your coat, Tom! Its easy to catch cold in spri

39、ng.A. take awayB. take offC. take downD. take out30. You _ go and ask Meimei. She _ know the answer.A. must; canB. must; mayC. need; canD. can; may二二. . 用所给动词的适当形式填空用所给动词的适当形式填空1. No matter what the weather is like, you can always find surfers out _ (ride) thewaves.2. -What do you use the key for?-I

40、t is _ (use) for making the robot work.3. No news _ (be) good news. Im sure Jane is still all right.4. -Are you feeling better these days?-Yes, much better. I _ as well as these days for a long time.5. It _ (rain) heavily, youd better not go out now.6. The city of Xian _ (become) cleaner and cleaner

41、.- 13 - 13 - / 15157. The boys enjoy _ (see) fight films very much.8. He left the room without _ (say) goodbye.9. Rice _ (grow) in the south of China.10. Many trees _ (plant) in our school yard these years.三三. . 用方框中所给的动词或动词词组的适当形式填入下列句子里，使其意思通顺，每个用方框中所给的动词或动词词组的适当形式填入下列句子里，使其意思通顺，每个动词或动词词组只能用一次动词或动

42、词词组只能用一次Allow, fall, not be, phone, receive, show, send for,pay for, be used for, turn it off, keep on1. Its rather hot today, but the weather report says the temperature _ to 28C tomorrow.2. “Remember, nobody _ to eat or drink in the computer room,” the assistant said tothe new students.3. Hi, Mike

43、! I _ your invitation. Thank you very much. Ill come on time.4. This time yesterday I _ the foreigners around the ancient church.5. My uncle phoned the booking office of the airline, and he was told there _ any flightsto Singapore in the following three days because of the bad weather.6. Dont lose h

44、eart and _ trying.7. Dont watch TV. Its too late. Please _ and go to bed right now.8. Computers are useful. They can _ sending E-mail.9. If youve lost this book, you have to _ it.10. Both of his feet were hurt in the accident. _ a doctor, please.参考答案参考答案一一. .1.C1.C2.B2.B3.C3.C4.D4.D5.D5.D6.A6.A7.D7.

45、D8.C8.C9.A9.A10.A10.A11.11.D D12.B12.B13.D13.D14.B14.B15.A15.A16.A16.A17.C17.C18.A18.A19.C19.C20.D20.D21.B21.B22.B22.B23.A23.A24.A24.A25.B25.B26.C26.C27.A27.A28.D28.D29.B29.B30.D30.D二二. .1.riding1.riding2.used2.used3.is3.is4.have not felt4.have not felt5.is raining5.is raining6. is becoming6. is bec

46、oming7.seeing7.seeing8.sayig8.sayig9.is grown9.is grown10.have been planted10.have been planted三三. .- 14 - 14 - / 15151.will fall1.will fall2.is allowed2.is allowed3.have received3.have received4.was showing4.was showing5.would not be5.would not be6.keep on6.keep on7.turn it off7.turn it off8.be used for8.be used for9.pay for9.pay for10.Send for10.Send for- 15 - 15 - / 1515