2019年北京卷英语高考真题及答案解析(word精编).doc

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1、绝密绝密启用前启用前 2019 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷北京卷）英英 语语（考试时间：100 分钟 试卷满分：120 分）考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）分）第一节 语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）第一节 语法填空（共 10 小题：每小题 1. 5 分，共 15 分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AOn the

2、 first day of my first grade，I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I 1 （voice）my biggest concern to my mother. “How will I make friends?” She handed me advice. “Be yourself.” For the past 20 years. I have lived by these words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Ner

3、vously 2 （face） challenges. I know I will whisper to 3 （I） the two simple words “Be yourself”. BEarth Day， 4 （mark）on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. First celebrated 5 1970，the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and region

4、s（地区）. No matter what you like to do，there is a way to get involved in various 6 （activity） on Earth Day. You can plant a tree，make a meal with locally grown vegetables，or save powerthe possibilities are endless. CDoes the name of the college you attend really matter？Research on the question 7 （sugg

5、est）that，for most students，it doesnt. What students do at college seems to matter much more than 8 they go. The students benefitting most from college are those 9 are totally engaged（参与）in academic life. taking full advantage of the colleges chances and resources（资源），Students should have a proper at

6、titude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and its never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and 10 （meaning）college experience. 第二节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Regardless of the weather or the dista

7、nce, Paul Wilson will make sure low-income students in his neighbourhood arrive at their college classes on time.A retired engineer, 76-year-old Wilson has been 11 free rides to college students for the past eight years. Since he first started 12 his car to the young people. Wilson has 13 am astonis

8、hing 64, 000 miles, and has had countless pleasant and often humorous 14 with the students he transports to and from school. The students who hes 15 have gone on to become physicians, teachers and engineers, but what theyve also got out of their time in school is finding a role model and a friend in

9、 Wilson. Some students 16 call him “Grandpa”.Tina Stern 17 rides from Wilson for all her four years in college, and the trips meant much more to her than just free 18 . “Its not just a ride；youre not just sitting there in 19 silence or with your headphones on.” Stern said. “He asks you questions and

10、 actually 20 the answers, so the next time you ride with him, hell 21 those things.“Wilson first worked as a driver through a student-support programme of the non-profit organisation. On Point for College. Although the 22 asks the members only to drive students to and from their classes, Wilson ofte

11、n goes 23 to ensure the welfare and safety of the students. If they have problems with registration.Wilson is there to 24 them. If they run out of certain daily necessities. Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase whats needed. If a student gets hungry on the long drives to and from scho

12、ol, Wilson never 25 to buy them a meal.For many students, Wilsons help is not only appreciated, its also entirely 26 for them to be able to complete their college education. Some students dont have a reliable car, while others have to 27 vehicles with parents who work six days a week. For them, ridi

13、ng with Wilson has 28 them to complete their education but according to Wilson, he benefits just as much from the 29 . “I just love driving and I love these kids, “Wilson said. “Its such a（n） 30 to be a part of these kids lives, even just for a few hours, getting to know them and hearing their stori

14、es.“11. A. linking B. sending C. offering D. distributing12. A. donating B. lending C. delivering D. volunteering13. A. paved B. covered C. measured D. wandered 14. A. arguments B. interviews C. negotiations D. wandered15. A. met B. driven C. addressed D. conversations16. A. even B. ever C. once D.

15、already17. A. earned B. received C. assessed D. demanded18. A. transportation B. style C. time D. communication19. A. forced B. awkward C. ridiculous D. suspicious20. A. selects B. recites C. guesses D. remembers21. A. act on B. settle on C. check on D. agree on22. A. club B. league C. college D. pr

16、ogramme23. A. far B. around C. beyond D. forwards24. A. assist B. watch C. urge D. warm25. A. expects B. attempts C. manages D. hesitates26. A. extra B. unusual C. necessary D. adequate27. A. share B. fuel C. repair D. exchange28. A. required B. allowed C. reminded D. convinced29. A. experience B. a

17、rrangement C. appreciation D. employment30. A. effort B. ambition C. privilege D. convenience第二部分：阅读理解第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，（共两节，40 分）分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWant to explore new cultures，meet new people and do something worthwhile at the same time? You ca

18、n do all the three with Global Development Association（GDA）.Whatever stage of life youre at，wherever you go and whatever project you do in GDA，youll create positive changes in a poor and remote community（社区）.We work with volunteers of all ages and backgrounds. Most of our volunteers are aged 17-24.N

19、ow we need volunteer managers aged 25-75.They are extremely important in the safe and effective running of our programmes. We have such roles as project managers，mountain leaders，and communication officers.Depending on which role you choose，you could help to increase a communitys access to safe drin

20、king water，or help to protect valuable local cultures. You might also design an adventure challenge to train young volunteers.Not only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally，youll also learn new skills and increase your cultural awareness. You may have chances to meet new people wh

21、oll become your lifelong friends.This summer we have both 4-week and 7-week programmes：Schedule Country 4-week programmes7-week programmesAlgeria5 Jul.- 1Aug.20Jun. -7Aug.Egypt24 Jul-20 Aug.19Jun.-6 Aug.Kenya20 Jul.-16Aug.18 Jun.-5 Aug.South Africa2Aug.-29 Aug.15 Jun.-2Aug.GDA ensures that volunteer

22、s work with community members and local project partners where our help is needed. All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities.There is no other chance like a GDA programme. Join us as a volunteer manager to develop your own skills while bringing benefits to the co

23、mmunities.Find out more about joining a GDA programme:Website:www.glodeve.org Email:humanresourcesglodeve.org31.What is the main responsibility of volunteer managers?A. To seek local partners B .To take in young volunteersC. To carry out programmes D. To foster cultural awareness32. The programme be

24、ginning in August will operate in A. Egypt B. AlgeriaC. Kenya D. South Afria33.The shared goal of GDAs projects to A. explore new cultures B. protect the environmentC. gain corporate benefit D. help communities in needBAlice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur（创业者）, who in May 2015 set up her business

25、AilieCandy. By the time she was 13，her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could save kids teeth，instead of destroying them.It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad. On the outing, she was offered a candy bar. However, her dad reminded her

26、that sugary treats were bad for her teeth. But Moore was sick of missing out on candies. So she desired to get round the warning, “Why cant I make a healthy candy thats good for my teeth so that my parents cant say no to it?“ With that in mind, Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy co

27、mpany. He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.With her dads permission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly. She also approached dentists to lear

28、n more about teeth cleaning. Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.Moore then used her savings to get her business of the ground. Afterwards, she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner

29、, who finally agreed to sell Moores product-Cancandy.As CanCandys success grows, so does Moores credibility as a young entrepreneur. Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created, and shes also positive about what the future might bring. She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broa

30、d smile.Meanwhile, with her parents help, Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life. Although she founded her company early on in life, she wasnt driven primarily by profit. Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles. She donates 10% of AilicCandys profits to B

31、ig Smiles. With her talent and determination, it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.34. How did Moore react to her dads warning?A. She argued with him.B. She tried to find a way out.C. She paid no attention.D. She chose to consult dentists.35. What is special about CanCandy?A. I

32、t is beneficial to dental health.B. It is free of sweeteners.C. It is sweeter than other candies.D. It is produced to a dentists recipe.36. What does Moore expect from her business?A. To earn more money.B. To help others find smiles.C. To make herself stand out.D. To beat other candy companies.37. W

33、hat can we learn from Alice Moores story?A. Fame is a great thirst of the young.B.A youth is to be regarded with respect.C. Positive thinking and action result in success.D. Success means getting personal desires satisfiedCThe problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pic

34、k up calls from numbers they dont know. By next year，half of the calls we receive will be scams（欺诈）.We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools，apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately，its too littl

35、e，too late. By the time these “solutions“（解决方案）become widely available，scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. In the near future，its not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice youre hearing is actually real.Thats

36、 because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation ( 处理 ) and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use .At this years I/O Conference ,a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human sounding voice that it was able to

37、speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision A decade of data breaches（数据侵入）of personal information has led to

38、a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother s name ，and far more. Armed with this knowledge. theyre able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means. for example，that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voi

39、ce that sounds exactly like your bank teller s，ricking you into “confirming “ your address，mothers name，and card number. Scammers follow money，so companies will be the worst hit. A lot of business is still done over the phone，and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. Voice manipul

40、ation technologies may weaken that gradually.We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, sho

41、wing when and who they were made by. or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communicationsusing apps like Face Time or WhatsApp, which can be tied to your identity.Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose, and the problem is only going to harder from here on out.38. H

42、ow does the author feel about the solutions to problem of robecalls?A. Panicked. B. Confused. C. Embarrassed. D. Disappointed. 39. taking advantage of the new technologies，scammer can_.A. aim at victims precisely B. damage databases easily C. start campaigns rapidly D. spread information widely40. W

43、hat does the passage imply?A. Honesty is the best policy.B. Technologies can be double-edited.C. There are more solutions than problems.D. Credibility holds the key to development.41. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Where the Problem of Robocalls Is Rooted B. Who Is

44、 to Blame for the Problem of Roboealls C. Why Robocalls Are About to Get More Dangerous D. How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of TechnologyDBy the end of the century，if not sooner，the worlds oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate，according to a new study.At the heart of the

45、phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms（海洋微生物）called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms，these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue，depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate chang

46、e will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas，while reducing it in other spots，leading to changes in the oceans appearance.Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface，where they pull carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die，they bury carbon in the deep

47、 ocean，an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the oceans warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth，since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow，but also nutrients.St

48、ephanie Dutkiewicz，a scientist in MITs Center for Global Change Science，built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3，it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters，such as those of the Arctic，a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton，and these areas will turn greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing