初中八年级现在完成时、被动语态复习课件(极好).ppt

《初中八年级现在完成时、被动语态复习课件(极好).ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《初中八年级现在完成时、被动语态复习课件(极好).ppt（60页珍藏版）》请在得力文库 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、冬天来了，春天还会远吗？If winter has already come, can spring be far behind?现在完成时复习目录1.现在完成时态的概念2.现在完成时态的结构3.现在完成时态的否定，疑问形式4.现在完成时态的用法5.现在完成时态与一般过去式的比较1.现在完成时的概念1）表示）表示过去发生过去发生或或已完成已完成的动作的动作对现在对现在造成的影造成的影响或结果；响或结果；2） 表示过去已经开始并表示过去已经开始并一直持续一直持续到现在的动作或到现在的动作或状态。状态。 E.g. He has learned English since 2001.pastnowf

2、uture现在完成时现在完成时一般过去式一般过去式现在进行时现在进行时一般将来时一般将来时你会自己你会自己造句吗？造句吗？2.现在完成时的结构 现在完成时的构成： Have/has + done助动词助动词 过去分词过去分词主语+ have/has +过去分词+宾语+状语Have:第一、二第一、二/ 复数复数Has: 第三人称单数第三人称单数规则动词：规则动词：不规则动词不规则动词规则动词 (1)一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited (2)以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 live-lived-l

3、ived (3)以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 y 变为 i ，再加“ ed ”。 study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried (4)重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped 重点1：写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词 Work _ _ Live _ _ Stay _ _ Stop _ _ Clean _ _ Study _ _worked workedlived livedstayed stayedstopped stoppedcle

4、aned cleanedstudied studied不规则动词 AAA型 cut cut cut, read read read AAB型 beat beat beaten ABA型 run ran run； come came come become became become ABB型 buy bought bought；build built built ABC型 begin began begun； choose chose chosen3.现在完成时的否定与疑问 现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词have或has后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。否定句疑问句I have n

5、ot (havent) studied. Have I studied? You have not (havent) studied. Have you studied? He has not (hasnt) studied. Has he studied? 例题例题Rewrite the sentences. 1. I have been to Shanghai before. (改为否定句) I _ _ been to Shanghai before.2. He hasnt come to school because he was ill. (就划线部分提问) _ _ he come t

6、o school?havenotWhydoesnt重点2：现在完成时态的否定与疑问比较have been to/in和have gone toHe has gone to Shanghai.他他(已经已经)去上海了。去上海了。He has been to Shanghai.他他(曾经曾经) 去过上海。去过上海。Have (has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since, for, how long 等。例如： Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。小结词组含义搭配

7、Have gone to到某地去了，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。说话时该人不在现场 Have been to曾经去过某地，现在已经不在那里了。 just, ever, never Have been in在某地呆多长时间 since, for, how long 1. Jane has _ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow. A. been B. never been C. went D. gone 2. Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black? - Sorry.

8、He _ the Bainiao Park. A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to 3. -_ you ever _ to the US? - Yes, twice. A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, goingBBD重点3 have been to/in和have gone to 的对比例题4.现在完成时的用法 1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完说话之前已经完成的动作成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响结果或影响。(汉语中常用“

9、已经”、“过”、“了”等表达）通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词 just，already, before, yet, never, ever ,two times等状语连用。例如： My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 Im sure weve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 Have you milked the cow yet? 牛奶的奶挤了吗？ I have never heard that before. 我从没听说过。 你还能用现在完成时想到其它句子吗？你还能用现在完成时想到其它句子吗？ 2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包

10、括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, lately, for, since, 等。如： We havent seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。 She has been with us since Monday. 她从周一开始就跟我们在一起了。 注意：a) since和for的区别 since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there，Tuesday, October-“自从” for后接一段时

11、间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。-“长达”重点4：since和for的区别 1. Jim has been in Ireland _ Monday. 2. Jill has been in Ireland _ three days. 3. His aunt has lived in Australia _15 days. 4. Mary is in her office. She has been there _ 7 oclock. 5. India has been an independent country _1974. 6. The

12、bus is late. Theyve been waiting _ 20 minutes. 7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty _ many years. 8. Mike has been ill _a long time. He has been in hospital _ October.sincesincesincesinceforforforforfor 注意：b) 表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状

13、语连用（不能和since, for, how long 连用）。 短暂性动词 He has come here for 2 years. The old man has died for 4 months. They have left only for 5 minutes. 以上三句话可以改为： He has been here for 2years. The old man has _ _ for 4 months. They have _ _ only for 5 minutesbeendeadbeenout错错错错错错终止性动词终止性动词转换成转换成延续性动词延续性动词become b

14、ebuy haveborrow keepcatch a cold have a coldget to know knowput on wearleave be awaydie be deadarrive in/at be in/atcome to be in/atjoin be a member of /be instart be onfinish be over终止性动词终止性动词转换成转换成延续性动词延续性动词They left the space station last Monday.They have been away from the space station since la

15、st Monday.They have been away from the space station for two days. 注意： c) 现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now一般过去式（错）（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（对）（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.5.现在完成时与一般过去时的比较现在完成时与一般过去时的比较 1）一般过去时表

16、示过去某时发生的动作或单纯）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，叙述过去的事情，强调动作强调动作； 现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，现在的影响，强调影响强调影响。I saw this film yesterday.I have seen this film. 2）一般过去时）一般过去时 常与常与具体的表示过去的时间具体的表示过去的时间状语连用状语连用; 现在完成时通常与现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语模糊的时间状语连连用，或无时间状语。用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday,

17、last week，ago, in1990, in October, just now, - 具体的时间状语具体的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语: for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past few years, recently, -模糊的时间状语模糊的时间状语3）现在完成时）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是态，动词一般是延续性的延续性的，如，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know

18、. 一般过去时一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become,get married等。等。 She joined the League three years ago. (加入的动作不是延续的加入的动作不是延续的) She has been in the League for three years (since three years ago). (在团内的状态可延续在团内的状态可延续) She has been a League member for three years (since three

19、 years ago). (是团员的状态可持续是团员的状态可持续) ( )1. Where have you _ these days? I have _ to Kunming with my friends. A been , gone B been , been C gone , been D gone, gone ( )2. How long have you _ this book? A. bought B. borrowed C. had D. lent ( )3. Excuse me, _ you seen the film yet? Yes, I _ it last night.

20、 A have, see B have, have seen C have, seen D have, saw ( )4. He has never ridden a horse before,_? A. is he B. isnt he C. hasnt he D. has heBcDD动词复习专题系列1.He often helps me in English.2.Lucy does her homework in the evening.Lucy does her homework in the evening.3.They make shoes in that factory.3.Th

21、ey make shoes in that factory.4.Do you water the flowers every day?4.Do you water the flowers every day?I am often helped by him in English.Her homework is done by Lucy in the evening.Shoes are made by them in that factory.Are the flowers watered by you everyday?一般现在时的被动语态：一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are + P.P

22、.am/is/are + P.P.1 We built our school 95 years ago.1 We built our school 95 years ago.2They planted many trees last year.2They planted many trees last year.3He didnt take the photo in 2003.3He didnt take the photo in 2003.5Did you finish your homework?5Did you finish your homework?Our school Our sc

23、hool was builtwas built 95 years ago. 95 years ago.Many trees Many trees were plantedwere planted last year. last year.The photo The photo wasnt takenwasnt taken in 2003. in 2003.一般过去时的被动语态：一般过去时的被动语态：was/were + P.P.was/were + P.P.WasWas your homework your homework finished finished ? ?1We will hold

24、 our National Games in Jinan.1We will hold our National Games in Jinan.2 I will invite my teacher to the party.2 I will invite my teacher to the party.3 He wont finish his homework in an hour.3 He wont finish his homework in an hour.Our National Games Our National Games will be heldwill be held in J

25、inan. in Jinan.My teacher My teacher will be invited will be invited to the party.to the party.His homework His homework wont be finishedwont be finished in an hour. in an hour.一般将来时被动语态：一般将来时被动语态：will be + P.P.will be + P.P.1.We must clean the classroom every day.1.We must clean the classroom every

26、 day.2.Parents should allow the teenagers to2.Parents should allow the teenagers to choose their own clothes. choose their own clothes.3.3. Uncle Wang cant mend his bike . Uncle Wang cant mend his bike . The classroom The classroom must be cleanedmust be cleaned everyday. everyday.The teenagers The

27、teenagers should be allowedshould be allowed to choose to choosetheir own clothes.their own clothes.His bike His bike cantcant be mended be mended by uncle by uncle wangwang. . 情态动词的被动语态：情态动词的被动语态：can/may/must/should be +P.P.can/may/must/should be +P.P.am/is/are + P.P.am/is/are + P.P.was/were + P.P.

28、was/were + P.P.will be + P.P.will be + P.P.can/may/must/should be +P.P.can/may/must/should be +P.P.中考常考的被动语态中考常考的被动语态 be + P.P. be + P.P.have/has been + P.P.have/has been + P.P.ExercisesExercises 1 .More and more foreigners speak Chinese in the world today. (08 重庆重庆) Chinese _ _ by more and more for

29、eigners in the world now.2 Dangerous driving causes many accidents, (08 临沂临沂) Many accidents _ _ _ many dangerous driving.3 The twins ate up all the bananas on the plate. (08 西宁西宁) All the bananas _ _ up by the twins.4 Teachers can use cartoons to give examples in lessons about AIDS. (08 济南济南) Carto

30、ons _ _ _ to give examples in lessons about AIDS. is spoken is spoken are caused by are caused by were eaten were eaten can be used can be used 几种特殊的被动语态几种特殊的被动语态 She takes good care of the baby. She takes good care of the baby. You should speak to the old politely.You should speak to the old polite

31、ly. He turned down the radio just now. He turned down the radio just now. The baby is taken good care.The baby is taken good care. The old should be spoken The old should be spoken toto politely . politely . The radio was turned The radio was turned downdown just now. just now.ofof1.若主动语态中的谓语动词是由不及物

32、若主动语态中的谓语动词是由不及物动词加介词或副词构成的及物动词短语，动词加介词或副词构成的及物动词短语，应将其看成一个整体结构，在变被动时，应将其看成一个整体结构，在变被动时，不可去掉后面的介词或副词。不可去掉后面的介词或副词。I often see him come into the roomI often see him come into the roomThe boss made the workers work all day.The boss made the workers work all day. We We heardheard him him singsing this

33、song in the room. this song in the room. He is often seen He is often seen to cometo come into the room. into the room.The workers were made The workers were made to workto work all day. all day.He was heard He was heard to singto sing this song in the room. this song in the room.2.2.在主动句中在主动句中, ,使役

34、动词、感官动词使役动词、感官动词make, see, hear, watch, noticemake, see, hear, watch, notice等词后跟省略等词后跟省略toto的不定式，变被动语态的不定式，变被动语态时，必须时，必须还原还原toto. We saw him playing in the street.We saw him playing in the street.He was seen He was seen playingplaying in the street. in the street. My father gave me a bike as a birth

35、day present.A bike _ _ _ _ as a birthday present.I _ _ a bike as a birthday present. She bought me a pen yesterday. She bought me a pen yesterday. I I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ yesterday. yesterday.A penA pen_ _ _ _ _ _ _yesterday.yesterday.was given to mewas given to mewas givenwas givenwas bought a penwas b

36、ought a penwas bought for mewas bought for me 3. 3.含有双宾语的主动句改为被动句时，应含有双宾语的主动句改为被动句时，应将其中一个宾语改为被动语态的主语，而另将其中一个宾语改为被动语态的主语，而另一个宾语保留仍作宾语。将物一个宾语保留仍作宾语。将物( (sthsth.) .)变为被动变为被动语态的主语时，要在保留宾语前加介词语态的主语时，要在保留宾语前加介词toto或或for.for.常见的双宾语动词如常见的双宾语动词如 give, offer, pass, show, lend, send, give, offer, pass, show,

37、lend, send, bringbring, return, tellreturn, tell等用介词等用介词toto; buy, make(buy, make(制作制作), mend, cook, sing, ), mend, cook, sing, getget等用等用forfor.8 My uncle sent me a Christmas present last year. (06 重庆重庆)A Christmas present _ _ _ me by my uncle last year.9 The coach makes the players play basketball

38、 ten hours a day.The players _ _ _ _ basketball ten hours a day by the coach.10 She heard the girls talk with each other noisily.The girls _ _ _ talk with each other noisily.was sent towas sent toare made to playare made to playwere heard towere heard to1616）After planting the trees, you should Afte

39、r planting the trees, you should water them often.water them often.（0505济南）济南）The trees _ _ _ often afterThe trees _ _ _ often after they_ they_ _ 1717）Roy passed the ball to Bill and BillRoy passed the ball to Bill and Bill threw it to Jim.(06 threw it to Jim.(06济南济南) )The ball _ first _ to Bill an

40、d The ball _ first _ to Bill and then _ _ to Jim.then _ _ to Jim.should be wateredshould be wateredare plantedare plantedwas passedwas passedwas thrownwas thrown济南市有时会考复合句同时变被动济南市有时会考复合句同时变被动1 The children must be taken good care.2 Can this bike mended？ 3That pencil was given me by him yesterday。4 T

41、his book was wrote by Lu Xun。5He is often seen play football outside.6The kite was made to him by her.ofofgiven to megiven to mewrittenwrittento playto playforforbe mendedbe mended火眼金睛1The old man is ill. He must _to the hospital. Call 120 at once. (send )2The book _by Lu Xun in 1920. ( write)3 All

42、the machines _out yesterday. (sell)4 The hospital _next year. (build)5This kind of book cant_out of the library.(take)6He _to play computer games last night.(allow)7The boy _often_ not to go to the net bar.(tell)8He _ to the party last Sunday, but he didnt go there. (ask)be sentwas writtenwere soldw

43、ill be builtbe takenwas allowedis toldwas asked1 1判断用主动判断用主动 还是被动？还是被动？2 2A A物做宾语物做宾语 B B缺失宾语缺失宾语 CbyCby短语短语3 3 根据标志词根据标志词 确定时态确定时态4.某些动词用某些动词用主动主动语态来表示语态来表示被动被动含义含义A. read, sell, wash, write等动词,用来说明主语的性质特征而不强调被执行者的动作时,用主动形式表达被动意义,且常与not, hardly, well, easily, badly, nicely等副词连用。如: The door doesnt o

44、pen easily. Bikes of that kind hardly sell. The book sells well. The cloth washes easilyB. need, want, require等动词以及形容词worth后面,常跟动词-ing形式,用主动形式表达被动意义。 表示sth需要被做需要被做be worth doing need doing want doing require doingThis dictionary is well worth buying.C. easy, difficult, hard, heavy等形容词后面跟动词不定式,用主动形式表

45、被动意义,并且该不定式与句子的主语须具备逻辑上的动宾关系。如: The box is heavy to carry.The box is heavy to carry.3.被动形式表示被动形式表示主动意义主动意义的情况：的情况：Be seated , please.She is dressed in a red skirt. He was lost in the thick forest. We are prepared to accept his invitation.D D.不定式作定语,其逻辑主语是句子的主语、间接宾语或说话人时,用动词不定式的主动形式表被动意义。如:She has an

46、 old grandfather to look after历届中考试题小试身手历届中考试题小试身手1 What a nice garden! -It _ every day. A is cleaning B has cleaned C must clean D is cleaned 2 The girl _ at the party last night. A heard to sing B was heard to sing C heard sing D was heard sing3 The computers _ to the village school as presents la

47、st month.A are given B given C were given D gave 4 It is reported that the Underground Line No. 3 _ in Nanjing in 2010 .A will build B has built C will be built D has been built 5 The accident _on the morning of Christmas Day.A happened B was happened C was happening D is happened6 The letter is _ i

48、n French. I cant read it.A writing B written C wrote D writes7When _this kind of computer_? -Last year. A did, use B was, used C is, used D are, used8Li Feng has got a bike. He _ it for nearly two years. It _ in Tian Jin. A bought, made B has had, was made C borrow , was made D has sold , is madehap

49、pen, take place 不及物，没有被动9Lily was made_in the room the whole afternoon. A study B to study C studies D studying 10 Can you tell me whom the play _ in 1998?A was written by B was written C is written by D is written11Thousands of trees over the mountains _ by the farmers last year.A planted B was pla

50、nted C were planted D will plant12 Our teacher often says the old should _.A be spoken politely B be spoken to politely C be spoken polite D be spoken to polite13The medicine_ in a dry and cool place A keep B must keep C must be kept D must be keep 14This dictionary mustnt_ from the library A take a