论机电一体化的发展(外文翻译)(共19页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上论机电一体化的发展By integration of machinery development现代科学技术的不断发展，极大地推动了不同学科的交叉与渗透，导致了工程领域的技术革命与改造,在机械工程领域，由于微电子技术和计算机技术的迅速发展及其向机械工业的渗透所形成的机电一体化，使机械工业的技术结构、产品机构、功能与构成、生产方式及管理体系发生了巨大变化，使工业生产由“机械电气化”迈入了“机电一体化”为特征的发展阶段。The modern science and technology unceasing development, impelled different d

2、iscipline intersecting enormously with the seepage, has caused the project domain technological revolution and the transformation, in mechanical engineering domain, because the microelectronic technology and the computer technology rapid development and forms to the mechanical industry seepage the i

3、ntegration of machinery, caused the mechanical industry the technical structure, the product organization, the function and the constitution, the production method and the management system has had the huge change, caused the industrial production to enter into “the integration of machinery” by “the

4、 machinery electrification” for the characteristic development phase.一、 机电一体化概要First, the integration of machinery outline机电一体化是指在机构得主功能、动力功能、信息处理功能和控制功能上引进电子技术，将机械装置与电子化设计及软件结合起来所构成的系统的总称。Integration of machinery is refers in the organization new owner function, the power function, in the informati

5、on processing function and the control function introduces the electronic technology, unifies the system the mechanism and the computerization design and the software which constitutes always to call.机电一体化发展至今也已成为一门有着自身体系的新型学科，随着科学技术的不但发展，还将被赋予新的内容,但其基本特征可概括为：机电一体化是从系统的观点出发，综合运用机械技术、微电子技术、自动控制技术、计算机

6、技术、信息技术、传感测控技术、电力电子技术、接口技术、信息变换技术以及软件编程技术等群体技术，根据系统功能目标和优化组织目标，合理配置与布局各功能单元，在多功能、高质量、高可靠性、低能耗的意义上实现特定功能价值，并使整个系统最优化的系统工程技术,由此而产生的功能系统，则成为一个机电一体化系统或机电一体化产品。The integration of machinery development also has become one to have until now own system new discipline, not only develops along with the scienc

7、e and technology, but also entrusts with the new content, but its basic characteristic may summarize is: The integration of machinery is embarks from the system viewpoint, synthesis community technologies and so on utilization mechanical technology, microelectronic technology, automatic control tech

8、nology, computer technology, information technology, sensing observation and control technology, electric power electronic technology, connection technology, information conversion technology as well as software programming technology, according to the system function goal and the optimized organiza

9、tion goal, reasonable disposition and the layout various functions unit, in multi-purpose, high grade, redundant reliable, in the low energy consumption significance realize the specific function value, and causes the overall system optimization the systems engineering technology, from this produces

10、 function system, then becomes an integration of machinery systematic or the integration of machinery product.因此，“机电一体化”涵盖“技术”和“产品”两个方面,只是，机电一体化技术是基于上述群体技术有机融合的一种综合技术，而不是机械技术、微电子技术以及其它新技术的简单组合、拼凑。这是机电一体化与机械加电气所形成的机械电气化在概念上的根本区别,机械工程技术有纯技术发展到机械电气化，仍属传统机械，其主要功能依然是代替和放大的体力,但是发展到机电一体化后，其中的微电子装置除可取代某些机械部

11、件的原有功能外，还能赋予许多新的功能，如自动检测、自动处理信息、自动显示记录、自动调节与控制自动诊断与保护等,即机电一体化产品不仅是人的手与肢体的延伸，还是人的感官与头脑的眼神，具有智能化的特征是机电一体化与机械电气化在功能上的本质区别。Therefore, “the integration of machinery” covering “the technology” and “the product” two aspects, only are, the integration of machinery technology is based on the above community

12、technology organic fusion one kind of comprehensive technology, but is not mechanical technical, the microelectronic technology as well as other new technical simple combination, pieces together, this is the integration of machinery and the machinery adds the machinery electrification which the elec

13、tricity forms in the concept basic difference, the mechanical engineering technology has the merely technical to develop the machinery electrification, still was the traditional machinery, its main function still was replaces with the enlargement physical strength, after but developed the integratio

14、n of machinery, micro electron installment eliminated may substitute for certain mechanical parts original Outside function, but also can entrust with many new functions, like the automatic detection, the automatic reduction information, demonstrate the record, the automatic control and the control

15、automatic diagnosis and the protection automatically and so on, not only namely the integration of machinery product is humans hand and body extending, humans sense organ and the brains look, has the intellectualized characteristic is the integration of machinery and the machinery electrification di

16、stinguishes in the function essence.二、机电一体化的发展状况Second, the integration of machinery development condition机电一体化的发展大体可以分为3个阶段,20世纪60年代以前为第一阶段，这一阶段称为初级阶段,在这一时期，人们自觉不自觉地利用电子技术的初步成果来完善机械产品的性能。特别是在第二次世界大战期间，战争刺激了机械产品与电子技术的结合，这些机电结合的军用技术，战后转为民用，对战后经济的恢复起了积极的作用,那时研制和开发从总体上看还处于自发状态,由于当时电子技术的发展尚未达到一定水平，机械技术与

17、电子技术的结合还不可能广泛和深入发展，已经开发的产品也无法大量推广。Integration of machinery development may divide into 3 stages roughly, 20th century 60s before for the first stage, this stage is called the initial stage, in this time, the people determination not on own initiative uses the electronic technology the preliminary ac

18、hievement to consummate the mechanical product the performance, specially in Second World War period, the war has stimulated the mechanical product and the electronic technology union, these mechanical and electrical union military technology, postwar transfers civilly, to the postwar economical res

19、toration positive function, has developed and the development at that time generally speaking also is at the spontaneous condition, because at that time the electronic technology development not yet achieved certainly Level. Mechanical technical and electronic technology union also not impossible wi

20、despread and thorough development, already developed the product was also unable to promote massively.20世纪7080年代为第二阶段，可称为蓬勃发展阶段。这一时期，计算机技术、控制技术、通信技术的发展，为机电一体化的发展奠定了技术基础。大规模、超大规模集成电路和微型计算机的迅猛发展，为机电一体化的发展提供了充分的物质基础。这个时期的特点是：Mechatronics一词首先在日本被普遍接受，大约到20世纪80年代末期在世界范围内得到比较广泛的承认；机电一体化技术和产品得到了极大发展；各国均开始对

21、机电一体化技术和产品给以很大的关注和支持。The 20th century 7080 ages for the second stage, may be called the vigorous development stage, this time, the computer technology, the control technology, the communication development, has laid the technology base for the integration of machinery development, large-scale, ultra

22、 large scale integrated circuit and microcomputer swift and violent development, has provided the full material base for the integration of machinery development, this time characteristic is:A mechatronics word first generally is accepted in Japan, probably obtains the quite widespread acknowledgmen

23、t to 1980s last stages in the worldwide scale;The integration of machinery technology and the product obtained the enormous development;The various countries start to the integration of machinery technology and the product give the very big attention and the support.20世纪90年代后期，开始了机电一体化技术向智能化方向迈进的新阶段

24、，机电一体化进入深入发展时期。一方面，光学、通信技术等进入了机电一体化，微细加工技术也在机电一体化中崭露头脚，出现了光机电一体化和微机电一体化等新分支；另一方面对机电一体化系统的建模设计、分析和集成方法，机电一体化的学科体系和发展趋势都进行了深入研究。同时，由于人工智能技术、神经网络技术及光纤技术等领域取得的巨大进步，为机电一体化技术开辟了发展的广阔天地。这些研究，将促使机电一体化进一步建立完整的基础和逐渐形成完整的科学体系。1990s later periods, started the integration of machinery technology the new stage wh

25、ich makes great strides forward to the intellectualized direction, the integration of machinery enters the thorough development time, on the one hand, optics, the communication and so on entered the integration of machinery, processes the technology also zhan to appear tiny in the integration of mac

26、hinery the foot, appeared the light integration of machinery and the micro integration of machinery and so on the new branch; On the other hand to the integration of machinery system modelling design, the analysis and the integrated method, the integration of machinery discipline system and the tren

27、d of development has all conducted the thorough research, simultaneously, because domains and so on artificial intelligence technology, neural network technology and optical fiber technology obtain the huge progress, opened the development vast world for the integration of machinery technology, thes

28、e research, will urge the integration of machinery further to establish the integrity the foundation and forms the integrity gradually the scientific system.三、机电一体化的发展趋势Third, the integration of machinery trend of development机电一体化是集机械、电子、光学、控制、计算机、信息等多学科的交叉综合，它的发展和进步依赖并促进相关技术的发展和进步。因此，机电一体化的主要发展方向如下

29、：Integration of machinery is the collection machinery, the electron, optics, the control, the computer, the information and so on the multi-disciplinary overlapping syntheses, its development and the progress rely on and promote the correlation technology development and the progress, therefore, the

30、 integration of machinery main development direction is as follows:3.1智能化3.1Intellectualized智能化是21世纪机电一体化技术发展的一个重要发展方向。人工智能在机电一体化建设者的研究日益得到重视，机器人与数控机床的智能化就是重要应用。这里所说的“智能化”是对机器行为的描述，是在控制理论的基础上，吸收人工智能、运筹学、计算机科学、模糊数学、心理学、生理学和混沌动力学等新思想、新方法，模拟人类智能，使它具有判断推理、逻辑思维、自主决策等能力，以求得到更高的控制目标。诚然，使机电一体化产品具有与人完全相同的智能，

31、是不可能的，也是不必要的。但是，高性能、高速的微处理器使机电一体化产品赋有低级智能或人的部分智能，则是完全可能而又必要的。Intellectualization is a 21st century integration of machinery technological development important development direction, the artificial intelligence obtains day by day in the integration of machinery constructors research takes, the robot

32、 and the numerical control engine bed intellectualization is the important application, here said “the intellectualization” is to the machine behavior description, is in the control theory foundation, the absorption artificial intelligence, the operations research, the computer science, the fuzzy ma

33、thematics, the psychology, the physiology and the chaos dynamics and so on the new thought, the new method, simulate the human intelligence, enable it to have abilities and so on judgment inference, logical thinking, independent decision-making, obtains the higher control goal in order to, indeed, e

34、nable the integration of machinery product to have With the human identical intelligence, is not impossible, also is nonessential, but, the high performance, the high speed microprocessor enable the integration of machinery product to have preliminary intelligent or humans partial intelligences, the

35、n is completely possible and essential.3.2模块化3.2 Modular模块化是一项重要而艰巨的工程。由于机电一体化产品种类和生产厂家繁多，研制和开发具有标准机械接口、电气接口、动力接口、环境接口的机电一体化产品单元是一项十分复杂但又是非常重要的事。如研制集减速、智能调速、电机于一体的动力单元，具有视觉、图像处理、识别和测距等功能的控制单元，以及各种能完成典型操作的机械装置。这样，可利用标准单元迅速开发出新产品，同时也可以扩大生产规模。这需要制定各项标准，以便各部件、单元的匹配和接口。由于利益冲突，近期很难制定国际或国内这方面的标准，但可以通过组建一些大

36、企业逐渐形成。显然，从电气产品的标准化、系列化带来的好处可以肯定，无论是对生产标准机电一体化单元的企业还是对生产机电一体化产品的企业，规模化将给机电一体化企业带来美好的前程。Modulations are one item important and the arduous project, because the integration of machinery product type and the manufacturer are many, but the development and the development have standard mechanical connect

37、ion, electrical connection, power connection, the environment connection integration of machinery product unit are an item extremely complex also are the extremely important matters, like the development collection deceleration, the intelligent velocity modulation, the electrical machinery in a body

38、 power unit, have function and so on vision, imagery processing, recognition and range finder control units, as well as each kind can complete the model operation the mechanism, like this, may use the standard unit to develop the new product rapidly, simultaneously also may expand the scale of produ

39、ction, this need formulation Each standard, in order to various parts, the unit match and the connection, as a result of the conflicts of interest, very will be difficult to formulate international or the domestic this aspect standard in the near future, but might through set up some big enterprises

40、 to form gradually, obviously, the advantage which from the electrical product standardization, the seriation will bring may affirm, regardless of will be to produces the standard integration of machinery unit the enterprise to produce the integration of machinery product the enterprise, the formali

41、zation will give the integration of machinery enterprise to bring the happy future.3.3网络化3.3 Network20世纪90年代，计算机技术等的突出成就是网络技术。网络技术的兴起和飞速发展给科学技术、工业生产、政治、军事、教育义举人么日常生活都带来了巨大的变革。各种网络将全球经济、生产连成一片，企业间的竞争也将全球化。机电一体化新产品一旦研制出来，只要其功能独到，质量可靠，很快就会畅销全球。由于网络的普及，基于网络的各种远程控制和监视技术方兴未艾，而远程控制的终端设备本身就是机电一体化产品。现场总线和局域网

42、技术是家用电器网络化已成大势，利用家庭网络将各种家用电器连接成以计算机为中心的计算机集成家电系统，使人们在家里分享各种高技术带来的便利与快乐。因此，机电一体化产品无疑朝着网络化方向发展。1990s, the computer technology and so on the prominent achievement was the networking, networking starting with the rapid development for the science and technology, the industrial production, political, the

43、 military, the education magnanimous act person daily life has all brought the huge transformation, each kind of network the global economy, the production linked up into a single stretch, enterprises competition will also globalize, once the integration of machinery new product developed, so long a

44、s its function were original, the quality was reliable, very quick could the best-selling whole world, as a result of the network popularization, was on the rise based on network each kind of long-distance control and the surveillance technology, but long-distance control terminal device itself will

45、 be the integration of machinery product, the field busWas the domestic electric appliances network has become the situation with the local area network technology, connected using the family network each kind of domestic electric appliances take the computer as the central computer integration elec

46、trical appliances system, caused the people at home to share the inconvenience and the joy which each kind of high-tech brought, therefore, the integration of machinery product faced the network direction to develop without doubt.3.4微型化3.4 Microminiaturized微型化兴起于20世纪80年代末，指的是机电一体化向微型机器和微观领域发展的趋势。国外称

47、其为微电子机械系统（MEMS），泛指几何尺寸不超过1cm3的机电一体化产品，并向微米、纳米级发展。微机电一体化产品体积小 、耗能少、运动灵活，在生物医疗、军事、信息等方面具有不可比拟的优势。微机电一体化发展的瓶颈在于微机械技术，微机电一体化产品的加工采用精细加工技术，即超精密技术，它包括光刻技术和蚀刻技术两类。Microminiaturization emerge in the end of 1980s, refers is the integration of machinery to the miniature machine and the microscopic domain deve

48、lopment tendency, overseas name it micro electron mechanical system (MEMS), makes a general reference the geometry size not to surpass 1cm3 the integration of machinery product, and to micron, the nanometer level development, the micro integration of machinery product volume small, consumes energy f

49、ew, the movement is nimble, in aspects and so on biological medical service, military, information has the incomparable superiority, the micro integration of machinery development bottleneck lies in the micro mechanical technology, the micro integration of machinery product processing uses the fine processing technology, namely ultra precise technology, it including photoetching technology and etching technology two kinds.3.5绿色化3.5 Green工业的发达给人们生活带来了巨