英文图表描绘.docx

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1、英文图表描绘今天我们所要关注的是运动图表，无论是什么题目的运动图表，无论题出的多难，我们都要清醒的认识到，那就是考官也逃不出如下的个范畴，它们分别是运动范畴，程度范畴，时间范畴，数据范畴与连接范畴。在运动范畴中存在着如下的种运动趋向：、保持平稳：我们能够使用的套用构造有:staystable/remainsteady举例：表示人口数量保持平稳的时候能够写:thenumberofpopulationstayedstable。/thenumberofpopulationremainedsteady2、上升/增加：我们能够使用的套用构造有：rise/climb/increase/ascend/mou

2、nt/aggrandize(增加)举例：人口上升：thenumberofpopulationincreased/ascended/mounted等等。3、下降/减少：我们能够使用的套用构造有：fall/drop/decrease/descend/decline举例：人口减少：thenumberofpopulationdecreased/declined全国注册建筑师、建造师考试备考资料历年真题考试心得模拟试题4、下降后保持平稳：这个线段前面是向下的，后面是平的，在表示这个平的时候我们就不能够使用remainsteady了，我们要使用的构造是bottomout举例：人口下降后保持平稳：thenu

3、mberofpopulationdecreasedandbottomedout5、上升后保持平稳：前面的上升我们就不用讲了，但是在上升以后保持平稳，我们需要使用leveloff举例：人口上升后保持平稳：numberofpopulationmountedandleveledoff6、复苏：前面下降了以后，然后就上升了，这两条线段的连接点就叫复苏。英语中表达为recover举例：人口下降后复苏：numberofpopulationdecreasedandrecovered7、波动：就像我们的心电图一样。英语中叫fluctuate举例：人口波动：numberofpopulationfluctuate

4、d8、到达顶峰：peak/reachitssummit/reachitszenith举例：人口到达了顶峰：numberofpopulationpeaked/reacheditssummit/reacheditszenith程度范畴上面就是运动性线段的八种趋势了。但是同学们想过没有上升，下降，波动是存在程度的。所以我们接下来要讨论的是程度的描绘方法。程度只要两种，缓慢和陡然。缓慢的/稍微的：gradually/smoothly/steadily/slightly陡然的/大幅度的：dramatically/sharply/considerably/appreciably/greatly举例:1、人

5、口大幅度攀升:numberofpopulationmounteddramatically2、人口稍微下降:numberofpopulationdecreasedslightly3、人口逐步下降:numberofpopulationdecreasedgradually数据范畴好了，我们如今已经讲了两个范畴了,这个两个范畴能够帮你搞定任何线段组的描绘、紧接下来我们要讨论的是怎样将线段组与数据进行连接、非常简单。注意如下的介词使用一、remainsteady/staystable/leveloff/bottomout/peak/reachitspeak/reachitszenith后面需要使用的是a

6、t举例:1、人口在500万上保持平稳:numberofpopulationremainedsteadyat5million1、人口在800万时到达了顶峰:numberofpopulationpeakedat8million2、下降后,人口在400万保持平稳:afterdecreasing,numberofpopulationbottomedoutat4million3、上升后,人口在700万保持平稳:aftermounting,numberofpopulationleveledoffat7million二、上升/下降后面使用to(到)和by(了)举例:1、人口下降到200万:numberofp

7、opulationdecreasedto2million2、人口下降了200万:numberofpopulationdecreasedby2million3、人口上升到1000万:numberofpopulationincreasedto10million4、人口上升了500万:numberofpopulationincreasedby5million三、recover的后面大家需要使用的是from举例:人口在200万时开场复苏:numberofpopulationrecoveredfrom2million四、fluctuate的后面大家需要连接betweenand举例:人口在2和100亿之间

8、波动:numberofpopulationfluctuatedbetween2and10billion(那俩人是ADAM和EVE)我们已经搞定了三个范畴了。剩下的两个范畴，时间与连接，我想大家就不会有很大的困难了吧。希望大家以后多多练习对于线性图表的描绘上升1.对于上升趋势的描绘：a.能够使用的动词或动词词组：toincreasetogouptorisetogrowtojumptoleaptosoartoshoottopickupb.能够使用的名词：anincreaseagrowthajumpasoaranupwardtrend2.对于上升到某个位置的描绘：a.1.a.中的动词to详细数据。b

9、.1.a.中的动词tothepeakof详细数据。c.1.a.中的动词reachingthepeakof+详细数据。d.1.a.中的动词reaching+详细数据。e.topeakat详细数据f.toclimbto+详细数据3.对于上升的程度的描绘：a.1.a.中的动词by详细数据。b.1.a.中的动词副词。(见下降1.对于下降趋势的描绘：a.能够使用的动词或动词词组：tofalltodecreasetogodowntoslidetocollapsetodeclinetodropb.能够使用的名词：acollapseadecreaseafalladeclineadrop2.对于下降到某个位置的

10、描绘：a.1.a.中的动词to详细数据。b.1.a.中的动词tothebottomof详细数据。c.1.a.中的动词reachingthebottomof+详细数据。d.1.a.中的动词reaching+详细数据。3.对于下降程度的描绘：a.1.a.中的动词by详细数据。b.1.a.中的动词副词。(见对于平稳的趋势的描绘：能够使用的动词或动词词组：tohardlychangetohavelittlechangetokeepsteadytolevelofftoremainconstanttostaythesame表示程度的副词：1.程度较大：considerablydramaticallygre

11、atlymarkedlyobviouslyquicklyrapidlysharplysignificantlysuddenly2.程度较小：slightlygraduallyslowlysteadily时间的嵌入嵌入时间时所使用的介词和介词词组：infromtobetween.andduringandatthestartofbytheendofoverattheendofthroughout时间s+详细数据上升和下降趋势的组合描绘(嵌入了时间和程度之后)：1.先上升后下降的句型：.increasedslowlyduringandbutfellsharplyin.Asteadyfallindur

12、ingandfollowedthesharpincreasein.2.先下降后上升的句型：fellbeforebegantomakearecoverycontinuetherecovery,climbingtodroppedduringbutincreasedagaininfellandthenpickupduringcollapsedbeforerisingtoattheendof3.起伏波动的句型：fluctuatedsharplyallthrough4.波动不大的句型：hardlychangedthroughtheperiodbetweenand柱状图形的描绘转换为线形图形的描绘饼状图形

13、的描绘对于百分比进行描绘所使用的句型：%theis/has/have/areaccountsfor%ofthetotaltakesup%inthewholechart趋势的比拟1.表示类似的句型(实例)：BothsharepricesrosesharplyinJanuary.Neithercompanyhasmadeaprofityet.LikeX,YfellinJune.XrosejustassharplyasY.2.表示差异的句型(实例)：Xfellsharplywhereas/whileYremainedsteady.XfellquicklycomparedtoY.UnlikeY,Xro

14、seby10%.XrosefarmoredramaticallythanY.3.表示倍数的句型：thedoubled/tripledincomparedwiththosein4.客观比拟的句型：isincontrastto数据的修饰1.表示缺乏的词或词组：uptobelowunderalmostnearly2.表示超过的词或词组：overmorethanjustover3.表示大约的词：about补充一点点：一.主章开始图表类型：table;chart;diagram;graph;columnchart;piegraph描绘：show;describe;illustrate;canbeseen

15、from;clear;apparent;reveal;represent内容：figure;statistic;number;percentage;proportion二.表示数据一般：have10%;at10%;over10%最高(低)点：peaked;reachedapeak/high(point)bottomedout;reachedthebottom变化：recover略有回升；increase;jump;rise/rose;climbdecrease;fall/fell;drop;decline;reducefluctuate浮动，摇摆不定remainedsteady/stable;

16、staythesame;little/hardlyany/nochange变化程度：sudden/suddenly忽然的，意外的rapid/rapidly迅速的，飞快的，险峻的dramatic/dramatically戏剧性的，生动的significant/significantly有意义的，重大的，重要的sharp/sharply锐利的，明显的，急剧的steep/steeply急剧升降的steady/steadily稳固的，坚定不移的gradual/gradually渐进的，逐步的slow/slowly缓慢的，不活跃的slight/slightly稍微的、略微地stable/stably稳定

17、的表示范围：fromtobetweenandforto多长时间直到表示程度：almostadv.几乎，差不多nearlyadv.几乎，密切地approximatelyadv.近似的，大约aboutadv.附近，大约，转向，左右，周围justover刚超过overadv.结束，越过，从头到尾exactlyadv.正确地，严密地preciselyadv.正好准确地；明晰地比例：20percent20%oneinthree1/3oneoutofeveryfour1/4三。常用词significantchanges图中一些较大变化noticeabletrend明显趋势duringthesameperi

18、od在同一时期grow/grew增长distribute分布，区别unequally不相等地pronounced明显的average平均nodoubt无疑地correspondingadj.相应的，通讯的representvt.阐述，表现overall总体上讲except除外inthecaseofadv.在的情况下incontrast相反，大不一样inconclusionadv.最后，总之incomparison相比之下inverselyadv.相反地，倒转地ingeneral通常，大体上，一般而言rangfromexcessiveadj.太多的，过分的，额外lowerv.降低，跌落elaps

19、evi.(时间)过去，消逝categoryn.种类governmentpolicy政府政策marketforces市场规率measuren.尺寸，方法，措施v.估量，调节forecastn.先见，预见v.预测1.有用的词上升：increaseriseascendcoresurgegoupclimbmountlevelup下降:decreasefalldropdescenddeclinereducelessenleveldown平稳:stablesteadyremain/maintain/keep/bethesameas/similarto波动:fluctuatefluctuationrisea

20、ndfallsupanddown占:occupytakeupaccountforgain而:whilehoweverwhereasontheotherhandactually/infact相比:bycontractonthecontrarylikewisecomparedwith最高点:thehighestthetopthesummitthepeakthemost最低点:bottomlessleastrockbottom平均:meanaverage趋势:tendancytrendinclination预见:prediction到达顶峰:mountto在*中占*:*gainthepercenta

21、geof有一个稳定的经过:astableperiodcanbeseen原则：A.不可能写的很好，关键是要很稳地写清楚。B.概括一些内在关联性或原因揣测作为总结下面是引用zxc0470在2004-6-323:05:00的发言：1.Asisshownbythegraph/inthetable。(概述图表)正如曲线所示，近期54年来该国人口飞速增长。Asisshownbythegraph,therehasbeenarapidincreaseinthepopulationofthecountryinthepastfiveyears.2.Itcanbeseenfromthetablethat(得出结论)

22、showngraphconcludedfiguresestimatedstatisticsA.从表中所给的统计数字能够看出，从1985年到1990年中国的人均收入迅速提高。FromthestatisticsgiveninthetableitcanbeseenthattheaveragepersonalincomeoftheChinesepeopleincreased(grew、rose)rapidlyfrom1985to1990.B.从曲线图能够得出结论，近期5年来中国人口的出生率已经大大下降。Itcanbeconcludedfromthegraphthattherehasbeenagreat

23、declineinbirthratesinChinainthepastfiveyears.3.amountto(数量总计)adduptocometosumupto全部费用合计200美元。Alltheexpenses(costs)amountto(=addupto)$200.4.increasefromto(数量增减)decreaserisefalldropA.这个工厂生产的彩电已由1986年的5000台增加到1990年的21000台。ThenumberofcolourTVsetsproducedbythefactoryincreased(rose,grew,climbed)from5000in

24、1986to21000in1990.B.参加者的人数增加到30万。Thenumberofpaticipantsgrewupto300000persons=increased,reaching300000persons).C.这个学校的教职工人数已减少到700人。Thenumberofteachingstaffmembersinthisschoolhasdecreasedto700persons.5.(be)threetimesas+形容词+as总产量totaloutput钢的年产量theannualoutputof上升17%riseby17percentsteel日产量thedailyoutp

25、ut导致产量下降resultinadiminishedoutput如今我们地区的粮食产量相当于1970年的3倍。Thegrainproduction(=output)inourareanowisthreetimesasgreatasthatof1970.:/doczj/doc/1faf1d2d33b765ce0508763231126edb6e1a7643.htmlparedwith,与去年相比，今年13项主要产品的产量都有大幅度增长。Thefactoryhasanoutputof9millioncigarettesdaily.Comparedwiththatoflastyear,theout

26、putof13mainproducts(=items)thisyearhasincreasedtoagreatextent.7.Thereis(was)arapidriseinbeontherisehasbeensharpincreaseontheincreasesuddendecreaseonthedeclinesteadydeclinegradualfallslowdropslight近期几年来这个地区的棉花产量有了迅速增长。Thecottonoutputinthisareahasincreasedrapidlyinthepastfewyears.“结尾段落中常用的句型：1.Inmyopi

27、nion,2.Personally,I3.Inshort(=Inbrief),4.Inconclusion,5.AsfarasImconcerned,6.Toconclude,itseemsclearthat至于讲到我，我赞成前一种观点。所以，我的结论是，只要我们坚持正确的东西，改正错误的东西，我们就一定能成功。AsfarasImconcerned,Iminfavouroftheformerview.Therefore,myconclusionisthatwearecertaintosucceedaslongaswesticktowhatisrightandcorrectwhatiswrong

28、.=我再补充几点：同学们在选用描绘图表变化的动词、名词，介词词组，形容词和程度副词方面要注意能否准确到位和形象。下面一些词汇大家重点揣测：spiralupward/thedemandfortalents(fair)spiraledupward/climbeddrastically/soar/surge/experienceanexplosivegrowth/anacceleration/swell/manageamodest(marginal)gain/ontherise/ontheascendance/wane/shrink/slump/falloff/dropoff/takeadip/ta

29、keanosedive/trend(tide)/sth.continueditsupward/downwardtrend./reachtheplateau/thebottleneck/sth.leveloff/sth.remainssteady/stable/unchanged/constant/staythesame/Therewasaslightdrop(fall)between2000/and2005/hugely/sharply/dramatically/drastically/substantially/steeply/incredibly/massively/surprisingl

30、y/alarmingly/distressingly/slightly/steadily/gradually/marginally/moderately/gently/reacha(the)peak/thehighestpoint/Arecordnumberofstudents/reachthenadir/reachthebottom/therockbottom/experienceamoderatefluctuation/swing/另外，大家仔细研究我下面提供的五种描绘图表的句型，在考试的时候假如考到图表作文要会灵敏使用。Thisbarchartdescribessignificantch

31、angesintheownershipofhousesinabigcityinChina.Itcanbeseenfromthechartthataverynoticeabletrendfrom1990to2000wasthedramaticincreaseintheprivateownershipofhousesasopposedtothehugedropinthestateownershipofhouses.In1990,threeoutoffourhouseswerestate-owned.However,by2000,thepercentageoftheownershipofprivat

32、ehouseshassoaredto80%.Theabovechartrevealsthatthehugeexpansionintheprivatehouseownershiphasbeenaccompaniedbyacorrespondingfallinthestateownershipofhousesinaspanofadecade.(1990-2000)Asissuggested(unfolded/demonstrated/illustrated/mirrored)intheabovechart,withthesharpriseintheprivateownershipofhouses,

33、thestateownershipofhouseshasdramatically(substantially/alarmingly)droppedinapassageofadecade.(1990-2000)Accordingtotheabovechart,therehasbeenadrasticgrowthintheprivateownershipofhouses,whilethestateownershipofhouseshasshrunksteeplyoverthepastdecade.(1990-2000)Fromtheabovechart,wecanseedistinctlythat

34、theprivateownershipofhouseshaswitnessedanhugeriseasdistinctfrom(asopposedto/incontrastto/incomparisonwith)thedrasticdecreaseinthestateownershipofhousesinamatterofadecade.(1990-2000)对于平稳的趋势的描绘，能够使用的动词或动词词组：tohardlychangetohavelittlechangetokeepsteadytolevelofftoremainconstanttostaythesame表示程度的副词：1.程度

35、较大：considerablydramaticallyGREatlymarkedlyobviouslyquicklyrapidlysharplysignificantlysuddenly2.程度较小：slightlygraduallyslowlysteadily时间的嵌入嵌入时间时所使用的介词和介词词组：infromtobetween.andduringandatthestartofbytheendofoverattheendofthroughout时间s+详细数据上升和下降趋势的组合描绘：1.先上升后下降的句型：.increasedslowlyduringandbutfellsharplyi

36、n.Asteadyfallinduringandfollowedthesharpincreasein.2.先下降后上升的句型：fellbeforebegantomakearecoverycontinuetherecovery，climbingtodroppedduringbutincreasedagaininfellandthenpickupduringcollapsedbeforerisingtoattheendof3.起伏波动的句型：fluctuatedsharplyallthrough4.波动不大的句型：hardlychangedthroughtheperiodbetweenand柱状图

37、形的描绘转换为线形图形的描绘饼状图形的描绘对于百分比进行描绘所使用的句型：%theis/has/have/areaccountsfor%ofthetotaltakesup%inthewholechart趋势的比拟1.表示类似的句型：BothsharepricesrosesharplyinJanuary.Neithercompanyhasmadeaprofityet.LikeX，YfellinJune.XrosejustassharplyasY.2.表示差异的句型：Xfellsharplywhereas/whileYremainedsteady.XfellquicklycomparedtoY.U

38、nlikeY，Xroseby10%.XrosefarmoredramaticallythanY.3.表示倍数的句型：thedoubled/tripledincomparedwiththosein4.客观比拟的句型：isincontrastto数据的修饰1.表示缺乏的词或词组：uptobelowunderalmostnearly2.表示超过的词或词组：overmorethanjustover3.表示大约的词：about第三章写作后的检查检查的四个主要方面：1.标点符号：完全禁用的符号：“（）。2.拼写：双写辅音y改成复数3.语法：主谓一致冠词次序介词时态漏词4.可能导致信息表达不清的因素：太长的

39、段落太长的句子运用不常使用的词汇一次包含过多的信息信息不完好信息顺序混乱7.Accordingtothefiguresgiveninthetable,.8.Astudyshowed.9.Asyoumayseefromthediagram,.10.Thetwochartsabovetellussomethingabout.二、描绘详细数据变化increase/decreaseby.increasefrom.to.increasesteadilyfrom.therewasamarkedincreasein.therehasbeenarapidincreasein.anincreaseofdecli

40、nein.fourtimesasmuchas.amounttofallfrom.to.appearstablereach5,000millionin1998continuetogrowhasbeengrowingfasterandfastersince.lessthanuptocomparedwithmakeupthenumberof.remanisthesameas.theremaining三、分析原因Therearechieflytworeasonsforthechanges.ismainlycausedby.Thisdirectlyrelatestotheproblemof(thewor

41、dsfood,housing,jobshortage)Whatcausedthesechanges?Thereasonsthatcausedchangesarediverse.Ontheonehand.Ontheotherhand.Therapidgrowthof.owesmuchto.lieinleadto四、总结归纳Throughtheanalysis,wecandrawaconclusionthat.Inshort.Stepsshouldbetakento.Tosolvetheproblemof.,we.Fromallthefactsgivenabove,wecansee.Takingtheadvantageanddisadvantagestogetherintoconsideration,Ibelieve.